Medicine

What is a karyotype and genome

What is a karyotype and genome

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

Today, when the project to decipher the human genome has already been completed and moved to the practical plane, when diagnostic medicine is able to determine genetic abnormalities in the embryo, what is a karyotype and genome remains unclear for many ordinary people. In the article we will give definitions and differences between these two concepts

Human auricles: structure and functions

Human auricles: structure and functions

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

In everyday life, we get so used to our appearance that we stop attaching any importance to important organs. For example, such as the ears. But it is they who help us to hear and perceive the whole world around us

Why do our earlobes hurt? How to fix everything?

Why do our earlobes hurt? How to fix everything?

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

Why do my earlobes hurt? The so-called "atheroma" is to blame. What is it, as well as how to deal with this disease, you will learn in this article

Structure and topography of the heart. Borders of the heart. Anatomy

Structure and topography of the heart. Borders of the heart. Anatomy

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

The heart is the main organ of the human body. It is a hollow muscular organ that has the shape of a cone. In newborns, the heart weighs about thirty grams, and in an adult - about three hundred

Reflex is an example. Examples of congenital and acquired, conditioned and unconditioned reflexes in humans and animals

Reflex is an example. Examples of congenital and acquired, conditioned and unconditioned reflexes in humans and animals

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

Reflex is a conscious response of the body to certain conditions or stimuli. Such well-coordinated work of nerve endings helps our body to interact with the outside world. A person is born with a set of simple skills - this is called an innate reflex. An example of such behavior: the ability of an infant to suck on the mother's breast, swallow food, blink

Center for Palliative Medicine of the Moscow He alth Department: address, reviews

Center for Palliative Medicine of the Moscow He alth Department: address, reviews

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

The Center for Palliative Medicine is an institution in Moscow that provides care for terminally ill patients, as well as people suffering from steadily progressing pathologies. The most severe patients are treated here. Palliative care includes pain relief, management of severe disease symptoms, and improved quality of life. This branch of medicine deals with patients who cannot be cured by all known methods

The best orthopedists in Krasnodar: a list of specialists, qualifications, reviews

The best orthopedists in Krasnodar: a list of specialists, qualifications, reviews

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

Choosing a good orthopedist in Krasnodar is best based on patient reviews, experience and various professional data. However, not every person, faced with the problem of muscles or skeleton, is ready to study information on the network, especially since there are quite a lot of specialists in the city. The list of the best orthopedists in Krasnodar below will help you quickly choose the right doctor

What is the daily calorie requirement for men and women?

What is the daily calorie requirement for men and women?

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

To always stay alert and energetic, a person needs fuel. This, of course, is about food, not gasoline or coal. It should be noted that in this case, more does not always mean better, and there is even a daily calorie intake for men and women

Nose surgery: where to do it and what are the complications? How is nasal septum surgery done?

Nose surgery: where to do it and what are the complications? How is nasal septum surgery done?

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

Already in ancient times, people knew how to correct physical and cosmetic defects of the nose with the help of surgery. Such manipulations were very painful, since medicine was still underdeveloped. Nose surgery today belongs to the easily tolerated variety. Full rehabilitation takes no more than 10 days. However, in some cases, the elimination of defects is vital for the normal life of the patient

Plastic plaster is convenient or not? Plastic plaster for fractures of arms and legs

Plastic plaster is convenient or not? Plastic plaster for fractures of arms and legs

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

Even in ancient times, people knew that a broken arm or leg could only recover if it was given complete rest. Modern medicine does not stand still, so more and more new methods and technologies appear in the field of orthopedics. For example, gypsum, being one of the oldest materials used in practice, received a new plastic configuration. It copes with the tasks set perfectly, while devoid of a number of shortcomings

Bandage "Silcofix" - a worthy replacement for bandages

Bandage "Silcofix" - a worthy replacement for bandages

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

Silcofix dressings are comfortable and reliable. The substance on the surface of the dressings has cleansing and wound-healing properties. The porous surface allows air to pass through, but prevents the penetration of harmful bacteria

Laser joint treatment: benefits and harms

Laser joint treatment: benefits and harms

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

Laser therapy is a method based on the use of a light beam with certain characteristics for medical purposes. Translated from English, the word "laser" is interpreted as an increase in light through stimulated emission. The first quantum generator was developed in the sixties of the last century. The device for laser therapy in Russia was approved for use in medical practice in 1974. The treatment of joints with a laser has recently been gaining popularity

Allergic history: collection features, principles and recommendations

Allergic history: collection features, principles and recommendations

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

When diagnosing allergic diseases in children and adults, doctors pay special attention to collecting a patient's history. Sometimes knowledge of family diseases, predispositions to allergies and food intolerances greatly facilitates the diagnosis. The article considers the concept of an anamnesis about allergies, the features of its collection and the significance

Botox injections: for beauty and not only

Botox injections: for beauty and not only

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

Botox is a popular cosmetic procedure, the effect of which is observed almost instantly. Botox injections allow you to straighten mimic wrinkles, smooth them out, acquire a well-groomed look for the skin of the face, rid it of skin creases

Insulin syringe: photos, types, how to use

Insulin syringe: photos, types, how to use

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

Diabetes mellitus occurs when the pancreas malfunctions, when it begins to produce an insufficient amount of insulin for the needs of the body or completely stops its production. The result is type 2 or type 1 diabetes. In the latter case, to resume all metabolic processes, it is necessary to introduce insulin from the outside

Biopsy of the stomach: indications, procedures, where to do

Biopsy of the stomach: indications, procedures, where to do

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

Every day, people with different problems turn to gastroenterologists. The main task of the doctor is to make the correct diagnosis so as not to waste time and give the patient a chance for recovery. Often, a biopsy of the stomach is prescribed as a diagnostic study, since this is the most reliable analysis for suspected oncological processes. So what is a biopsy and how is this study done?

The right side of the human body: symptoms of pain, its types, causes, diagnosis, prescribed treatment

The right side of the human body: symptoms of pain, its types, causes, diagnosis, prescribed treatment

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

A common complaint is discomfort on the right side of the body. This zone includes a large number of organs that can cause pain with problematic functioning. Sometimes, when asked why the right side of the body hurts, doctors may suggest inflammation of appendicitis, but this diagnosis will not always be correct. Consider other causes of discomfort

Anatomy: subclavian vein

Anatomy: subclavian vein

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

It is quite difficult to imagine modern intensive care without a cervical vein catheterization procedure. For the introduction of the catheter, the subclavian vein is most often used. This procedure can be performed both below and above the collarbone. The place of insertion of the catheter is determined by a specialist

Protein hormones: description, properties, functions and structure

Protein hormones: description, properties, functions and structure

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

What are hormones, what are their main functions, varieties? A group of protein hormones. Which of them are synthesized in the pituitary gland, pancreas, kidneys? How do they affect cells? More about insulin, corticohormone, growth hormone

Human spinal column: structure. Cervical spine

Human spinal column: structure. Cervical spine

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

The human spine, in other words, the spinal column, is the main supporting component of the skeleton. It is made up of separate vertebrae, which are fastened together with the help of an intervertebral joint, and originates from the base of the skull, to which the first vertebra, called the atlas, is attached

Norepinephrine is Functions of norepinephrine

Norepinephrine is Functions of norepinephrine

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter of desperate people and the hormone of predators. It is produced at the moment of stress, causing a surge of strength and anger, a desire to destroy the enemy

Blood transfusion: biological test and blood group compatibility table

Blood transfusion: biological test and blood group compatibility table

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

Blood transfusion is a very complex and dangerous procedure that must be carried out under the strict supervision of doctors and only after a biological sample has been taken. With its help, not only the blood group and its Rh factor are determined, but also find out whether the patient's blood is compatible with the donor's

MRI of the gallbladder: features, results and recommendations

MRI of the gallbladder: features, results and recommendations

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

Magnetic resonance imaging is a high-tech method for examining the internal organs of a person. Through it, you can diagnose various organs. MRI of the gallbladder allows you to identify the pathological processes that occur in it, and make an accurate diagnosis for the patient

Opening an abscess: technique, description and treatment. Opening of paratonsillar abscess

Opening an abscess: technique, description and treatment. Opening of paratonsillar abscess

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

What is an abscess? This is a cavity filled with pus, which is located in the muscles or subcutaneous fatty tissue. This pathological condition is caused by pathogenic viruses or bacteria. As a result of the accumulation of a large amount of pus, the affected area begins to increase, and there is a risk of an abscess rupture with the release of pus into the adjacent he althy tissue. This leads to the development of extensive inflammation, called phlegmon

External ear: structure, functions. Inflammation of the external ear

External ear: structure, functions. Inflammation of the external ear

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

Hearing is one of the important senses. It is with the help of it that we perceive the slightest changes in the world around us, we hear alarm signals warning of danger. The organ of hearing is very important for all living organisms, although there are those that do without it

Venous system: structure and functions

Venous system: structure and functions

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

To exclude the formation of defects in the venous system, you should familiarize yourself with the features of human anatomy. Complicated stages lead to varicose veins, thrombosis, atherosclerosis of veins

Efferent vessels of the heart, pulmonary trunk, aorta, valvular apparatus

Efferent vessels of the heart, pulmonary trunk, aorta, valvular apparatus

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

The heart is a hollow muscular organ, where, without mixing of blood, the large (systemic) circle of blood circulation intersects with the small pulmonary. For this reason, it is called the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Blood flows to its right sections through the vena cava, which, after entering the right ventricle, the pulmonary trunk diverts to the lungs. From them, blood is diverted to the left atrium through 4 pulmonary veins, and from the ventricle to the periphery it is sent by the aorta

What are seizures: causes and treatment

What are seizures: causes and treatment

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

What are seizures, almost everyone knows, but not everyone understands why they occur, and how to properly treat. A similar disease can appear as a result of a decrease in immunity. It is important to carry out diagnostics and comprehensive treatment in a timely manner in order to prevent the transition to a chronic form

Responsibilities of the patient: rights and obligations, medical law

Responsibilities of the patient: rights and obligations, medical law

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

A lot has been said about the rights of the patient today. Their violation is a rather urgent topic, especially for domestic medicine. But not everyone knows that there are responsibilities of the patient. It is the patient - this is a legal status, in contrast to the term "sick". We also note that these obligations are not symbolic, they are directly spelled out in Russian legislation. What they include, what the violation is fraught with, what sanctions can be - we will analyze all this further

Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Institute of Nutrition on Kashirka: photos and reviews

Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Institute of Nutrition on Kashirka: photos and reviews

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

In all its many years of activity, the Clinic of the Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences "Institute of Nutrition" relies on the traditions and latest achievements of domestic and world medicine

Endotracheal anesthesia: what is it, indications, drugs

Endotracheal anesthesia: what is it, indications, drugs

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

For a long time, the introduction of a person into a surgical sleep remained the most difficult task of medicine. With the study of chemistry, the process went faster. More perfect mixtures and preparations were created for anesthesia, which, in addition, is now carried out in different ways

Critical periods of fetal development by months

Critical periods of fetal development by months

Last modified: 2025-06-01 06:06

Normally, a woman carries an unborn child for 40 weeks, which is 10 obstetric months of 28 days. During this period, the embryo makes a long and difficult journey, developing from two parental cells into an independent organism. Among the total duration of pregnancy, experts identified the most responsible and at the same time critical periods of fetal development

Blood for hCG - what is it, when to donate, results

Blood for hCG - what is it, when to donate, results

Last modified: 2025-06-01 06:06

Those who are interested in their "interesting" position will not be difficult to accurately determine the presence of pregnancy by donating blood for hCG. What it is, how the procedure goes, when to go through it and how to evaluate the results, we will consider in the article

A mole is peeling - what to do? Is it possible to remove moles on the body?

A mole is peeling - what to do? Is it possible to remove moles on the body?

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

A mole can be found on the body of any person. They may be congenital or acquired. The first type is also called a nevus, while the second is a birthmark. Normally, they do not pose a danger, however, if a mole suddenly begins to peel off, you should pay close attention to it

Iron nerves: what drugs will help?

Iron nerves: what drugs will help?

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

"Iron nerves" - this expression is often used when characterizing a strong-willed, calm person. Today, people with such a capacious character are rare, but everyone is able to strengthen their nervous system

Help from a pediatrician to a kindergarten or school: methods of obtaining, description

Help from a pediatrician to a kindergarten or school: methods of obtaining, description

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

This article will tell you everything about how to get a certificate from a pediatrician to a kindergarten or school. What is this document? Why is it needed? What does it look like?

Antigen-presenting cells: characteristics, varieties, functions. Mechanism of antigen presentation

Antigen-presenting cells: characteristics, varieties, functions. Mechanism of antigen presentation

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

The most important step in the development of a specific cellular immune response is the activation of the T-lymphocyte population. However, these cells cannot independently recognize a foreign agent that has entered the body and begin to perform their functions. To activate the T-lymphocyte, special assistants are needed - antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

IVL: modes, features, types, classification and requirements

IVL: modes, features, types, classification and requirements

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

IVL (artificial ventilation of the lungs) is a method of hardware support for the patient's breathing, which is carried out by making a hole in the trachea - a tracheostomy. Through it, air enters the respiratory tract and is removed from them, simulating the natural respiratory cycle (inhalation / exhalation). The operating parameters of the device are set by various ventilation modes designed to create ventilation conditions suitable for a particular patient

Leiden mutation: what is it and how dangerous is it? Leiden mutation and pregnancy

Leiden mutation: what is it and how dangerous is it? Leiden mutation and pregnancy

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

In a number of hemolytic diseases, pathologies that cause an abnormal predisposition of blood to form blood clots form a special group. The increased ability to coagulate may be acquired or genetic in nature. According to statistics, the most common causes of hereditary thrombophilia are mutations in the F2 and F5 genes, one of which is called the Leiden factor

Compression bandage: characteristics and purpose

Compression bandage: characteristics and purpose

Last modified: 2025-01-23 17:01

The compression effect is based on the effect of compression, which creates pressure on certain parts of the limbs. This therapy dates back to the Middle Ages, where laced stockings were used to squeeze the legs, which regulated the force of contraction. Currently, appropriate underwear or special elastic bandages made on the basis of latex are used for compression