To know what not to do with frostbite of the limbs, face and other parts of the body, any person living in a more or less cold region should know. Since even in a temperate climate, winters are characterized by severe frosts, almost all the inhabitants of our country face a certain danger, therefore, the rules of behavior must be learned from childhood. At school, in the lessons of life safety (and then in the university program), they are sure to tell what can be done, what is forbidden, they are introduced to the course of first aid rules. Let's try to remember what schoolchildren are taught. What actions should be taken to protect yourself from unnecessary risks in winter.
What's the trouble?
Before you figure out what kind of help with frostbite should be, you need to initially understand what this term is used to denote. Awareness of the danger, the ability to take preventive measures in a timely manner is the most important condition for maintaining one's he alth. Prolonged exposure to negative temperatures disrupts the structure of tissues, leads to the death of muscle cells, bones, ligaments. Stage, scale of lesions determine the specific picture of pathology incase by case.
It is customary to distinguish four stages, each of which has its own rules: what can and cannot be done, how to help a person. The fourth provokes a lethal outcome. This is observed if more than 5% of the epidermis is damaged due to low temperatures. At the same time, blood circulation is disturbed, toxic components accumulate in the vessels.
What can not be done with frostbite? A few answers will help clarify the situation, and the first rule is that rapid warming is prohibited. The stronger the defeat, the worse results it will bring. Heat provokes vasodilation, toxins are even more actively absorbed into the circulatory system, all organs and systems are instantly poisoned. Doctors urge: when observing frostbite, by all means, a rapid rise in temperature should be prevented.
No way
The list of do's and don'ts for frostbite starts with no tight shoes. This provokes the likelihood of cold injury to the lower extremities, since the vessels are compressed. In addition, there is no layer of air that allows you to save the natural heat of the human body. Squeezing not only increases the risk of frostbite, but also leads to significant tissue degradation if these processes have already begun. If the leg is already frostbitten, it is strictly forbidden to wear such shoes until complete recovery! However, orthopedists will certainly advise to completely abandon such products for their own benefit.
Second importantan item on the list of what not to do with frostbite is to drink alcoholic beverages. This leads to a decrease in vascular lumens and is an increased risk factor. You can not only drink alcohol, already faced with frostbite, but also before going out into the cold, as this increases the risk of dangerous processes. Nicotine has a similar effect, so it is recommended to refrain from smoking (at least in the cold).
Carefulness is the key to he alth
If a person is forced to stay in conditions of low temperature for a long time, you need to regularly check how sensitive: the tip of the nose, ears, fingers. If there is a company, you need to monitor the shade of the faces of others. Unhe althy pallor indicates the beginning of negative processes.
No moisture
In order to avoid frostbite, before going outside, you need to check the dryness of shoes. In no case should you wear wet clothes - this stimulates heat loss and makes the legs more sensitive to frost. If you suffer from increased sweating, you should be especially careful when you stay in the cold for a long time. Wet skin and frost are constant travelers of frostbite. Knowing this feature behind you, you need to carefully choose not only shoes, but also socks. It is recommended to use special sports - they remove moisture from the body, thereby reducing the risk of the negative effects of cold.
Help, do no harm
Long stay in the cold leads to a decrease in the activity of blood vessels. In the presence of secondarydiseases, these conditions are exacerbated. Children and the elderly are at the greatest risk. First aid for frostbite involves careful interaction with the victim. It is generally accepted to think that rubbing will help: this approach is categorically wrong, it is forbidden by doctors! When the temperature drops, they just don’t use anything, rubbing the affected areas: wool, ice, alcohol. This only stimulates infection and increases the chance of blood clots forming. In depth, the damage will be much more significant than if the area is not touched until the doctor arrives.
On the list of things not to do with frostbite, a ban on hot heat is sure to appear, including the local application of heated objects. This leads to local expansion and negatively affects the tissues, stimulating necrosis.
Stereotypes and rules
Surprisingly, but scientific prohibitions of what not to do with frostbite, and folk recipes that tell you exactly what you can and even need to do, point to the same actions. Traditional medicine recommends rubbing cream, oil on the affected area of the skin, but doctors strongly recommend avoiding this. It is impossible to treat the epidermis in this way, already fragile and damaged, as this will only lead to even greater injury, necrosis. In addition, after such a procedure, pain and burning will disturb for a long time.
Another important rule concerns heat. Assistance with frostbite is carried out taking into account the possibility of formation in the circulatory systemclots hazardous to he alth. If there is a sharp heating, this leads to vasodilation, and the thrombus can freely migrate inside the human body. This is very dangerous and even a risk of death if a vital artery or vein becomes blocked. To prevent such an outcome, you need to warm up slowly: you can’t sit by the radiator or a fire, use heated heating pads.
Accuracy is the key to he alth
According to some, a good help with hypothermia and frostbite are compresses, which include warming ointments, irritating. Doctors pay attention: the opinion is categorically erroneous, the use of such compounds will provoke a thermal burn. You can not use alcohol solutions on the damaged area of the dermis, as this leads to a narrowing of the blood vessels in this area.
Water: heals and cripples
Some believe that hot water can help with frostbite. Clinical trials have shown that such "help" leads to large-scale death of organic tissues and increases the likelihood of blood clots in the veins. The described method is especially dangerous for the elderly.
The influence of hot liquids provokes the activation of local blood supply, while the blood flow in the periphery is directed precisely to this area, but the surrounding tissues begin to suffer from oxygen deficiency. It also stimulates necrotic processes, and the first first aid for frostbite providedwrong, can cause even more damage than no help at all. It must be remembered that necrotic processes are accompanied by active reproduction of pathogenic microflora. To prevent further infection, it is necessary to apply an aseptic gauze bandage as soon as possible.
Help, do no harm
It is believed that massage will help with frostbite. This is a delusion: in no case should you do it, especially if the situation is difficult. But with the first degree and a small focus, in rare cases, such a measure can bring help, but only if the doctor has already looked at the damage and recommended massaging it, and also explained how to do it correctly. It is not recommended to resort to this method on your own.
It should be remembered: all the wrong actions of a person can significantly aggravate the situation, and not only in terms of short-term discomfort, but also a significant risk to life and an increase in the duration of recovery processes.
What can I do?
And that is not allowed, and it is forbidden. What to do? Everything is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. First aid to the victim - slow warming. The best option is to stay in a warm room. There will be no extra cup of warm sweet tea, but not too hot.
Then make a compress or a bath, gradually heating the damaged area. First, the water must be heated to a level of 25 degrees, then gradually the temperature rises to 40.must be immersed in liquid a couple of centimeters above the upper boundary of the damaged part. After that, the area is treated with a warm multilayer gauze compress using cotton wool, covered with oilcloth on top.
This is important! If any part of the skin turns black, you need to urgently contact a traumatologist. In the absence of such an opportunity, it is necessary to take the patient to the doctor in a timely manner, it is necessary to call an ambulance. No delay.
Frostbite: how to notice the beginning of the process?
At first, hypothermia manifests itself as mild pain in the affected area, tingling. Such a sign is the first one that people pay attention to. Having noticed it, it is necessary to take the first measures to prevent the worsening of the situation, to begin with, move into the warmth.
Frost affects a person, leading to a decrease in overall body temperature. If the indicator decreases to 33 degrees, changes in the work of the heart are observed (they can be noticed if you immediately make an electrocardiogram). To determine the depth of the lesion, it is necessary to apply special clinical techniques. However, in the primary phase there is usually no deep change, the symptoms are very mild. As a rule, it is for this reason that people do not attach significant importance to it, they stay in the cold for a longer time, which already leads to serious damage and tissue degradation.
Deep frostbite
This condition is characterized by the absence of pain and general sensitivity of the affected area. Manifestations in eachin a particular case will be individual, much is determined by a personal pain threshold. If the situation reaches the third or fourth stage, the patient loses consciousness, begins to breathe infrequently, shallowly.
One should not wait for the situation to develop to such an extent, measures should be understood as soon as cyanosis is noted, accompanied by soreness of the area. Remember: it is much easier to prevent frostbite than to cure its consequences. And the unpleasant experiences associated with therapy are unlikely to be a source of positive emotions.
