Due to serious deviations in the state of he alth, when life is restricted, a person receives the status of "disabled". Disability is a condition of an individual with mental, mental or physical disabilities, in which there are obstacles to productive work. This status is established by special institutions of medical and social expertise. When considering the degree of he alth impairment, disability, people with disabilities are assigned certain disability groups, benefits for which are established by the law of the Russian Federation.
Setting order
On what grounds can an unhe althy person get a disability? In Russia, this is the “Rules for Recognizing a Person as Disabled”, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation in 2006. They contain a general plan for defining a given state. The medical organization where the patient is being examined, or the social protection authorities issue a referral to the Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise. The conditions for determining disability are:
- Permanent disturbances in the functions of the body, the causes of which are illness, injury.
- Complete or partial disability.
- Need for social protection.
According to the results of the examination, a verdict is issued on the assignment of status. Depending on the disease, disability is divided into groups. The first is assigned for 2 years, the second and third - for one year. Until the age of 18, a group of "disabled children" is established. The establishment of disability indefinitely is possible no later than two years after the initial assignment of the status in cases of diseases, violations of the functioning of organs, and defects found. Also, a category can be assigned indefinitely no later than four years after passing the examination in cases where it is confirmed that it is impossible to eliminate he alth disorders, despite the rehabilitation measures taken. You can appeal against the decision of the medical and social examination one month after the verdict. An application for a review of a case is submitted to the same bureau where it was considered.
The first group of he alth restrictions
In this category, disability is a severe social insufficiency in which a person needs help. The main criteria for belonging to the first group are:
1. Complete dependence on other people for self-care and transportation.
2. Disorientation.
3. Inability to communicate.
4. Out of control behavior.
The category is divided into subgroups A and B. The first includes people with a high degree of he alth impairment, leading to the need for constant supervision and care. This category includes patients with paralysis of two or morelimbs, heart disease, severe tuberculosis, malignant tumors and others.
Subgroup B includes people with significant dependency on others and partial inability to perform some elements of self-service. The category is established for diseases such as bilateral anophthalmos, stumps of both lower extremities, paraplegia, total aphasia, grade 4 renal failure, and others.
Second group of he alth restrictions
The main signs of belonging to this category are:
1. Ability to self-care and mobility with assistive devices.
2. Opportunity to work in specially created conditions at an equipped workplace, with the use of auxiliary equipment.
3. Ability to study in special institutions or at home.
4. With the help of other persons, orientation in space and time is carried out.
5. Ability to communicate with assistive devices.
6. The ability to partially or completely control behavior.
In this case, disability is the ability to at least minimal self-care for the following diseases:
1. Active TB.
2. Cirrhosis of the lungs.
3. The consequences of a mental illness lasting more than ten years.
4. Internal organ transplant (after five years under medical supervision).
5. Spinal cord injurywith impaired ability to move and others.
Disabled people in this category have moderate disability. They are often able to take care of themselves and lead relatively independent lives, but need the protection of social services and the help of others. Disability (the list of diseases is given above) gives people the opportunity to work, but with an obligation on the part of the employer to create special working conditions. To facilitate work, additional breaks, reduced shifts, reduced production rates, additional vacations are provided.
Third disability group
What are the indications for establishing a category? In this case, disability is a condition of a person in which the following conditions are met:
- Self-service and mobility aids.
- Ability to learn and work, subject to a special training regime or when making the necessary adjustments to production activities.
- Ability to orientate in space and time using aids.
- The ability to communicate, characterized by a reduced speed of receiving and transmitting information, and a decrease in the amount of assimilation.
The group is assigned to people who are almost completely independent, who are not prevented from working and studying by disability. List of diseases:
- severe defect of the skull bones;
- false joint of the shoulder or forearm;
- lack of some fingers on the hand;
- thigh stump, foot,shins;
- dislocation of the hip joint with the impossibility of some functions;
- third degree scoliosis;
- absence of one lung, kidney;
- gastric extirpation and others.
The third group is working and does not restrict labor. There is no reduction in the working day, a 40-hour week is set.
Disability in children
A child under 18 years of age is classified as a "child with a disability" if he has significant impairments to life. Hospitals of different levels can recommend the establishment of status. Such a recommendation is recorded in the child's developmental history and in the medical outpatient record. The documents are sent to the medical institution, where the medical advisory commission draws up the necessary conclusion in two copies.
In cases where persons who have already reached the age of 18 are assigned the status of "disabled", and it is established that the he alth disorder began before adulthood, the person receives the category "childhood disabled". After this age, the patient undergoes a re-examination, after which he is issued a certificate, where the status is written. If an appeal to a medical and social examination occurs for the first time, then during the check, documents on the state of the individual from birth to 18 years are studied. It must be remembered that there are a number of pathologies in which it is enough for a person to submit documents on the diagnosis, as well as a certificate of examination by an expert commission. These diseases include: complications after polio, congenital shorteninglimbs, oligophrenia and others. The status of a disabled child is given regardless of age and length of service.
Children with disabilities
Disability of children under the age of 18 en titles them to a number of benefits:
- For the autumn-spring period, 50% discount on rail travel, international buses and airlines.
- Travel on all types of public transport is free.
- Free transportation to the place of treatment in suburban and intercity buses.
- Once a year travel to the place of treatment and back at the expense of public funds.
- Providing housing out of turn in the absence of parents or guardians.
- Families with a disabled child receive a discount of at least 50% on utility bills.
There are a number of privileges for families that have a disabled child. Namely, an early pension for the mother, an additional four days off, monthly compensation for the care of children with disabilities. When a child reaches the age of 18, he/she receives benefits from one of the three disability groups.
Calculating a pension for a disabled child
In 2015, an increase in disability pensions and social benefits is expected. Thus, for disabled children it will amount to 1,035 rubles, which will result in a total monthly payment of 11,411.86 rubles. A disabled person from childhood without accumulated experience has the right to a social pension. Parents of children with disabilities are provided with an early pension if the work experience of the mother is from 15 years, the father - 20. Guardians who raised a child up to eight years old,the provision is calculated with a decrease in the retirement age by one year for every one and a half years of guardianship, but not more than 5 years. The legislation contains a clause on the inclusion of periods of caring for children with disabilities or a disabled person of the first group in the insurance and general work experience.
Disability groups. Benefits
The norms of housing law provide for the procedure for providing housing, its size, as well as benefits for paying utility bills for this category. Citizens with the following diseases can apply for housing out of turn: active forms of tuberculosis, malignant tumors with profuse secretions, epilepsy, gangrene of the extremities, mental disorders with severe exacerbations, intestinal and urethral fistulas, and others. Disabled people have the right to a separate room, which is taken into account when registering to improve their living conditions. Also, the area occupied by him in the houses of the housing stock is retained for the individual, if he is placed in a stationary institution.
Disability in Russia is supported by a number of benefits. So, for the first group, the privileges are:
- Labor and social pension.
- Free prescription drugs.
- Treatment in sanatoriums at the expense of the state.
- Paying or reimbursement for train or plane tickets.
- Travel by land transport at the expense of the state.
- Discounts on utility bills, telephone, electricity.
- Possibility of obtaining additional residentialarea by persons with certain diseases that interfere with living with other people.
- If a disabled person needs prostheses and orthopedic shoes, this service is provided free of charge.
- Out-of-competition admission to vocational schools.
- Provided by social worker and others.
There are a number of changes in the list of benefits for the second category of disability. For example, the establishment of a reduced working week while maintaining full wages. When determining benefits for the third group, they are guided by a number of nuances. Some citizens of this category have the right to use one type of benefits (for example, free sanatorium treatment), the other - something else (free travel on public transport). The general list of benefits for disabled people of the third group looks like this:
- Disabled since childhood are exempted from property taxes, registration fee from individuals who have expressed a desire to engage in entrepreneurship.
- Exemption from tax on the purchase of a car that is specially equipped for use by people with disabilities.
- Discount on the purchase of prescription drugs (if the individual is declared unemployed).
- Providing 30 days of leave, as well as additional leave without pay.
- Discounts for paying utility bills and others.
Most people with disabilities rely on home-based social services. For example, the purchase of medicines, goods,groceries, apartment cleaning. The list of disability groups makes it possible to correctly determine the benefits and services that people rely on.
Pension calculation
All three disability groups are en titled to a labor pension, regardless of the reasons that caused this condition, the length of the insurance period, the availability of work.
What are the conditions for receiving a pension for the disabled? Firstly, this is belonging to the category of military personnel, participants in the Second World War, astronauts, citizens who were injured as a result of man-made and radiation disasters. Secondly, the establishment of disability by federal state institutions of medical and social expertise. Thirdly, fixing the time of injury or illness. So, for example, for military personnel, a pension is due if a he alth disorder occurred during service. For persons who have suffered in disasters, a prerequisite for the accrual of money is the definition of a disability group.
Disability pension has several types. The first type is a labor pension. It is assigned to a disabled person of any group if he has a minimum work experience (maybe even one day). The main condition is the payment of insurance premiums by the organization. The second type is the state pension. It is assigned to participants in the Second World War, military personnel, individuals who suffered from radiation or man-made disasters. Social pension is the third type of pension accrued to every disabled person, regardless of employment status.seniority. According to pension legislation, if a citizen has a basis for receiving two types of pensions, he is paid the one that is larger in size. People injured in military conflicts and other categories are en titled to the simultaneous assignment of several types of payments.
Aid Opportunities in Russia
In our country, a wide support for persons with disabilities has been organized. This status allows you to receive benefits, medicines at the expense of the state, technical means of recovery, discounts on travel and housing, vouchers to sanatoriums. Rehabilitation of the disabled implies a whole range of social and he alth measures.
Since 1999, the Union of the Disabled of Russia has been operating in the country, which organizes various charitable and state events. The Perspektiva organization strives in every possible way to promote the independence of disabled people and improve their standard of living. In many cities of Russia there is a network of companies "Independent Life", which are also involved in solving the problems of citizens with disabilities. Some private companies provide support to the disabled. So, the company "Megafon" has a tariff "Contact" for people with hearing impairments. Of course, our country is far from ideal in this area, but we are on the way to creating a barrier-free environment in every city, and the rehabilitation of disabled people will be one of the main tasks of the state.
