The appearance of dark spots in the eye always causes some concern, because this is the first sign of the development of a pathological process in the body or the occurrence of a serious failure. At the same time, such an anomaly does not always cause a malfunction of the visual organs.
If a black dot appears in the field of vision and does not go away for a long time, and its appearance is accompanied by a significant deterioration in the patient's condition, you should contact an ophthalmologist.
The nature of spots in the eyes
A dark spot in the eye is often called a fly. It may consist of:
- Tumor cells, benign or malignant.
- Crystals.
- Blood clots.
In such cases, the reason for the appearance of a black dot in the eyes lies in the destructive changes in the structure of the vitreous body. Moreover, the closer the focus of clouding is to the retina, the more flies begin to appear and flicker in front of the affected eye.
If the patient moves the affected eye, the flies startflicker and spread over the entire corneal surface. When the eye returns to its original position, the flies also return to their original places. At the same time, a person clearly sees how black dots smoothly "fly" in the eyes. Most often, a dark spot occurs in the eye when looking at white.
Factors and causes of occurrence
The reasons why dots appear in the eyes are most often associated with pathologies of the organs of vision. But in some cases, their appearance may indicate other malfunctions in the life of the body.
The most common factors that cause dark spots to run around the eyes are:
- CVD diseases, which are accompanied by abrupt changes in the level of blood pressure. Black flies can occur both against the background of hypertension and hypotension.
- Impaired circulation in the brain of the head, vascular spasms.
- Stroke. The appearance of black dots in the eyes may indicate a hemorrhage in the brain.
- The appearance of black flies can provoke bad habits. Moreover, the longer the experience of addiction, the more flies flash before your eyes.
- Tranio-cerebral injuries.
- Avitaminosis. It is a pathology that is accompanied by the development of many clinical symptoms. One of them is the appearance of dark spots before the eyes.
- Mechanical damage to the cornea. As a result of an eye injury, dark spots may form on the white of the eye.spots.
- Pathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Liver disease.
- The appearance of a black dot may be a sign of the development of an inflammation process in the tissues of the affected eye.
- Hypoxia of a prolonged nature.
- Exhaustion, physical or mental overwork.
- Failures in metabolic processes.
Diabetes
In addition, the flickering of dots before the eyes may indicate the occurrence of diabetes. Whatever the reason for the appearance of flies, it is not normal and requires the intervention of a specialist.
When considering the reasons for the appearance of black dots and which are associated with the functioning of the visual organs, detachment of the retina should be separately indicated. Such a pathology is very dangerous, it can provoke complete blindness.
Another reason that black dots fly before the eyes is leukoma. With this disease, clouding of the cornea begins, and if this process is not stopped in time, a serious visual impairment may develop or it will be completely lost.
Clinical symptoms
Black dots before the eyes always occur in parallel with other manifestations of the disease. So, along with it, the following symptoms may appear:
- Feeling full in ears.
- Incoordination.
- Double vision.
- Failure.
- Faints.
- Vomiting.
- Trembling in the body.
- Weakness.
- Dizziness.
- Headache.
- Nausea.
The emerging symptoms directly depend on the cause that provoked the appearance of black dots in the eyes. Thus, these manifestations make it possible to draw up a general picture of the condition, but only a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis after a complete examination.
When dark spots run in the eyes, everyone wants to know how to get rid of them.
Which doctor should I contact?
It is important to contact an ophthalmologist as soon as possible, who will assess the patient's condition and conduct an initial diagnosis. If necessary, the specialist recommends an examination by an endocrinologist, therapist, neurosurgeon, cardiologist.
Thus, the treatment of dark spots in the eyes must be approached comprehensively, since they can be a symptom of not only ophthalmic pathologies.
Diagnostic features
Black spots localized in the corners of the eyes require special attention, therefore, if threads or dots appear on the cornea, you should urgently make an appointment with an ophthalmologist. In order to study the black spots located on the eyeball, a slit lamp is used. With the help of such a tool, a doctor can assess the condition of the fundus, cornea, detect an existing hemorrhage, determine the structure of a thread, a spot floating in the eye.
Also, in order to diagnose the causes of black dots flying before the eyes, a procedure such as measuringintraocular pressure. The need for it arises if the patient suffers from diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or has suffered a TBI.
Other research methods
If black dots occur as a result of pathological disorders in the internal organs, other diagnostic tests may be required:
- Encephalography, MRI of the brain of the head (in the case when the patient suffered a TBI).
- Measuring blood pressure.
- Urine examination.
- Biochemical blood test.
- Research blood samples for fasting glycemia.
- General clinical laboratory testing of blood samples.
Only high-quality diagnostics will help determine the cause of the appearance of black flies in the eyes and prescribe an effective treatment regimen.
The causes and treatment of flies before the eyes are always interconnected.
Therapy
Black spots in the eyes should definitely be treated. Therapy, as a rule, is aimed at eliminating or alleviating the course of the underlying disease that provoked their appearance. Symptomatic treatment can help get rid of the points themselves, but will not eliminate the cause. As a result, the reappearance of black dots is not ruled out.
The type of therapy also depends on the structure and size of the dots and threads flying in front of the eyes. When they are not associated with serious pathologies and are small in size, you can use eye drops: Wobenzym, Quinax, Emokipin, Taufon.
However, these funds can only be used in case of violationsfunctions of the vitreous body. Instillation should be carried out with caution, only in the supine position. After instillation, experts recommend remaining still for a few more minutes so that the drops can penetrate into the deeper tissues of the eye. These drugs allow you to normalize local metabolism, promote the resorption of points. It should also be borne in mind that the listed medicines are not equally effective in all cases.
Other Therapies
If the use of eye drops does not work in the presence of a dark spot in the eye, the ophthalmologist may recommend that the patient undergo surgery. However, this technique is not very popular, such as instrumental procedures. In addition, the operation may result in total blindness.
Most often, alternative methods are used for the treatment of black spots:
- Vitreolysis. It is a procedure that is performed using a VAG laser. With the help of a laser beam directed at a dark spot located on the white of the eye, the fly is carefully removed without affecting he althy tissues and without violating their integrity.
- Vitreectomy. This procedure involves the complete or partial removal of a structure such as the vitreous body. Manipulation is carried out according to strict indications and, as a rule, only in cases where the appearance of black spots is provoked by ophthalmic pathologies.
Safer and more efficient manipulation,undoubtedly, vitreolysis is, but it has a significant disadvantage - high cost.
Prevention of pathology
Preventive measures aimed at preventing the formation of dark spots in the eye tissues involve following a few simple rules:
- It is important to avoid overwork, eye strain.
- It is not recommended to consume large amounts of strong tea, coffee.
- Sleep well and rest well.
- Eat right food.
- It is recommended to reduce the amount of alcohol-based drinks consumed.
- It is important to stop smoking.
- It is necessary to be outdoors more often, to take walks. This helps to strengthen the body.
- The cure for all diseases is sport. However, physical activity should be feasible, moderate.
- Move more, avoid staying in one position for a long time.
It is unfair to say that following these recommendations will prevent the development of dark mobile spots in the eye if they were provoked by neglected pathologies of the internal organs. Accordingly, timely and periodic preventive medical examinations will be important, not only with an ophthalmologist, but also with a cardiologist, endocrinologist. It must be remembered that only a timely detected and completely cured disease will be the best prevention of unpleasant complications.
BThe article provided information on the causes and treatment of flies before the eyes, and if you have any additional questions on this topic, it is best to ask your ophthalmologist directly.
