In the article, consider a list of ACE inhibitor drugs.
Hypertension is a common disease of the heart system. Often, an increase in pressure can provoke the influence of inactive angiotensin I. In order to prevent its influence, drugs that inhibit the action of this hormone are included in the treatment regimen. These medications are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The following is a list of the latest generation of ACE inhibitors.
What are these drugs?
ACE inhibitors belong to a group of synthetic and natural chemical compounds whose use has helped achieve success in the treatment of patients with vascular and cardiac pathologies. ACEs have been used for over forty years. The very first drug was Captopril. Next, Lisinopril and Enalapril were synthesized. Then they were replaced by inhibitors of a new generation. In the field of cardiology, such drugsused as the main means that have a vasoconstrictor effect.
The benefit of the latest ACE inhibitors lies in the long-term blocking of a particular hormone, which is angiotensin II. This hormone is the main factor that affects the increase in human pressure. In addition, angiotensin-converting enzyme drugs can prevent the breakdown of bradykinin, contributing to a decrease in the resistance of efferent arterioles, they also release nitric oxide and increase the concentration of vasodilating prostaglandin.
New generation
In the pharmacological group of ACE inhibitors, drugs that must be taken repeatedly (for example, Enalapril) are considered obsolete, since they cannot provide the desired effect. True, Enalapril is still a popular remedy that demonstrates excellent efficacy in the treatment of hypertension. In addition, there is no confirmed evidence that ACE drugs from the latest generation (for example, drugs such as Perindopril, Fosinopril, Ramipril, Zofenopril and Lisinopril) have much more advantages over their counterparts forty years ago.
The list of ACE inhibitor drugs is quite extensive.
vasodilating drugs ACE
Vasodilatory drugs ACE in cardiology is often used to treat arterial hypertension. Here is a comparative description and a list of ACE inhibitors, which are the most popular amongpatients:
- The drug "Enalapril" is an indirect cardioprotector that quickly reduces blood pressure and reduces the load on the heart. This remedy acts on the body for up to six hours and is excreted, as a rule, by the kidneys. Rarely can cause vision loss. The cost is 200 rubles.
- "Captopril" is a means of short term exposure. This drug stabilizes blood pressure well, however, this drug may require multiple doses. Dosage is determined by the doctor. The drug has antioxidant activity. In rare cases, it can provoke tachycardia. Its cost is 250 rubles.
- The drug "Lizinopril" has a long period of action. It works absolutely independently, it does not need to be metabolized in the liver. This drug is excreted by the kidneys. The drug is suitable for all patients, even those suffering from obesity. It can be used in patients with chronic kidney disease. This drug can cause headaches along with ataxia, drowsiness and tremors. The cost is 200 rubles.
- Medication "Lotensin" helps to lower blood pressure. This drug has vasodilating activity. It leads to a decrease in bradykinin. This remedy is contraindicated in lactating and pregnant women. The drug is rarely able to cause vomiting with nausea and diarrhea. The cost of the medication is kept within 100 rubles.
- The drug "Monopril" slows down the metabolism of bradykinin. The effect of its application is achieved, as a rule, after three hours. Thethe drug is not addictive. It should be used with caution in patients with chronic kidney disease. The cost is 500 rubles.
- The drug "Ramipril" is a cardioprotector that produces ramiprilat. This medication reduces peripheral vascular resistance, it is contraindicated in the presence of arterial stenosis. The cost is 350 rubles.
- The drug "Akkupril" can help lower blood pressure. This medicine can eliminate resistance in the pulmonary vessels. Quite rarely, this drug can cause vestibular disturbance and loss of taste (a side effect of ACE inhibitors). The average price is 200 rubles.
- Medication "Perindopril" helps the active metabolite to form in the human body. Its maximum effectiveness can be achieved already three hours after application. Rarely, it can cause diarrhea with nausea and dry mouth. The cost is 400 rubles. The list of the latest generation of ACE inhibitor drugs does not end there.
- Drug "Trandolapril" against the background of long-term use reduces the severity of myocardial hypertrophy. An overdose of the drug can cause severe hypotension along with angioedema. The cost is 100 rubles.
- The drug "Khinapril" affects the renin-angiotensin functions. This drug significantly reduces the workload on the heart. It is very rarely capable of causing an allergic reaction and costs 360 rubles.
What is it - ACE inhibitor drugs, not everyone knows.
Classification
There are several inhibitory classifications at once. These drugs are classified depending on the way they are excreted from the body and the activity of the action. Modern medicine widely uses the chemical ACE classification of drugs, which includes the following groups:
- sulfhydryl group;
- carboxyl group (we are talking about dicarboxylate-containing drugs);
- phosphinyl group (medicines containing phosphonate);
- group of natural compounds.
Sulfhydryl group
ACE inhibitors of this group act as calcium antagonists.
Let's list the most famous medicines from the sulfhydryl group:
- "Benazepril";
- Captopril, along with Epsitron, Kapoten, and Alkadil;
- Zofenopril and Zocardis.
Carboxyl group
This category of drugs has a positive effect on the lives of patients with hypertension. Such drugs are used only once a day. You can not take them with coronary heart disease, against the background of diabetes and renal failure. Here is a list of the most famous drugs from this group: Perindopril along with Enalapril, Lisinopril, Diroton, Lisinoton, Ramipril, Spirapril, Quinapril and so on. Mostly, such drugs are used to treat kidney failure and hypertension.
Phosphonate-containing inhibitors
Datadrugs have a high ability to penetrate into the tissues of the human body, thanks to their use, pressure, as a rule, stabilizes for a long period. The most popular means from this group are Fosinopril and Fozicard.
The doctor will help you choose the best ACE inhibitors.
Latest generation natural inhibitors
Such funds are a kind of coordinators that limit the process of strong cell stretching. Pressure on the background of their intake decreases due to a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. Natural inhibitors that enter the body with dairy products are called casokinins and lactokinins. Small amounts are found in garlic, whey, and hibiscus.
Indications for use
The latest generation of products presented above are used today even in plastic surgery. True, more often they are prescribed to patients to lower blood pressure and to patients with disorders in the work of the heart and blood vessels for the treatment of arterial hypertension. It is not recommended to use these drugs on their own, as they have many contraindications and side effects. The main indications for the use of these drugs are the following pathologies:
- the patient has diabetic nephropathy;
- with dysfunctions of the left ventricle of the heart;
- against the background of the development of atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries;
- against the background of myocardial infarction;
- if you have diabetes;
- against the background of obstructive bronchial disease;
- if atrial fibrillation is present;
- against the background of metabolic syndrome.
The latest generation of ACE inhibitors are very commonly used today.
Hypertension use
These drugs effectively block angiotensin-converting enzymes. These modern medicines have a positive effect on human he alth and protect the kidneys and heart. Among other things, inhibitors have found wide application in diabetes mellitus. These medications increase cellular insulin sensitivity, improving glucose uptake. As a rule, all new drugs for hypertension are taken once a day. Here is a list of modern inhibitors that are widely used in hypertension: Moexzhril along with Lozzopril, Ramipril, Talinolol, Physinopril and Cilazapril.
The list of latest generation ACE inhibitors goes on.
Inhibitors for heart failure
Often the treatment of chronic heart failure involves the use of inhibitors. This category of cardioprotectors in blood plasma prevents the transformation of inactive angiotensin I into active angiotensin II. Due to this, its adverse effects on the kidneys, heart and peripheral vascular bed are prevented. Here is a list of cardioprotective drugs approved for heart failure: Enalapril along with Captopril, Verapamil, Lisinopril and Trandolapril.
Mechanism of action of inhibitors
The mechanism of how inhibitors work isin a decrease in the activity of angiotensin-converting enzymes, which accelerate the transition of inactive angiotensin to active. These drugs inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin, which is considered a powerful vasodilator. These drugs reduce blood flow to the heart, reducing stress and protecting the kidneys from the effects of diabetes and hypertension.
Intake of modern inhibitors
Many patients with hypertension are often wondering how to properly take new generation ACE inhibitors? Answering this question, it must be said that the use of any drugs in this group must be agreed with the doctor without fail. Typically, inhibitors are taken one hour before meals, that is, on an empty stomach. Dosage, frequency of use and the interval between doses is determined by a specialist. During therapy with inhibitors, it is necessary to abandon anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs, foods rich in potassium.
Next, we will find out in which cases such drugs are not recommended for patients to take.
Inhibitors and contraindications to their use
The list of relative contraindications for the use of inhibitors is as follows:
- the patient has arterial moderate hypotension;
- presence of chronic severe kidney failure;
- in childhood;
- if you have severe anemia.
Absolute contraindications include hypersensitivity, lactation, bilateral renal artery stenosis, severe hypotension,pregnancy and hyperkalemia.
People may experience side effects from ACE inhibitors such as itching, hives, weakness, hepatotoxicity, reduced libido, stomatitis, fever, palpitations, leg swelling, etc.
Side effect
Prolonged use of these drugs can lead to hematopoiesis suppression. As a result, the content of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets in the blood decreases. Therefore, during the treatment period, regular repetition of the complete blood count is required.
Allergic reactions and intolerances may also develop. This is manifested, as a rule, by itching, redness of the skin, urticaria, photosensitivity.
In addition, the function of the digestive system may be disturbed, leading to taste perversion, nausea and vomiting, discomfort in the stomach. Sometimes people suffer from diarrhea or constipation, the liver stops working normally. In some cases, sores (afta) occur in the mouth.
The tone of the parasympathetic nervous system can be increased under the influence of drugs, as well as the synthesis of prostaglandins is activated. There is a dry cough and a change in voice. Symptoms can be relieved by taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but not by using antitussives. If patients have a pronounced narrowing of the renal artery, then a paradoxical increase in blood pressure is not excluded. Hyperkalemia occurs in some cases, fractures of the bones of the limbs during a fall occur more often.
The article waslast generation ACE inhibitors reviewed.
