Thanks to arteries, veins, capillaries throughout the body, nutrients and oxygen are supplied to all organs. Vascular diseases are the cause of early death. All often they are detected in children and adolescents. The symptoms of vascular diseases and their treatment are described in the article.
Features
Vascular diseases are divided into 2 groups according to the location of the focus of the disease. With ailments of the central vessels, there is a violation of blood circulation in the aortas and coronary arteries of the head, neck, spinal cord.
Difficulties also appear in the peripheral vessels covering the legs, arms and abdominal region. In diseases, the lumen of the veins expands or narrows, there is poor patency, spasms, pain, and nerve fibers are blocked. Symptoms of diseases of the vessels of the neck and other areas are different.
Atherosclerotic disease
This is a dangerous type of vascular disease in which there are serious changes in large arteries. The main reason isharmful cholesterol accumulated in the body with an increase in junk food. Bad habits, heredity, physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, thyroid disease can lead to illness.
Symptoms of vascular disease may vary depending on the type of disease:
- In coronary atherosclerosis, cholesterol accumulates in the vessels of the heart. With the disease, there is pain in the left side of the chest, extending into the arm. The unpleasant symptom is aggravated by inhalation. There is chills, heart rhythm disturbance. There is weakness in the limbs, fainting is likely.
- Atherosclerosis of the aorta manifests itself in the form of hypertension, frequent dizziness, burning sensations in the chest. The hallmarks include premature aging, the presence of wen on the face.
- With atherosclerosis of the abdominal region, the vessels of the peritoneum are clogged. Symptoms of vascular disease include increased gas formation, deterioration of kidney function, diarrhea, and severe abdominal pain.
- Atherosclerosis of the legs manifests itself in the form of pallor of the skin, the appearance of a venous pattern, pain in the limbs, the development of diseases of the legs.
- In cerebral atherosclerosis, vascular damage occurs in the brain - there is tinnitus, cephalgia, dizziness, shortness of breath, fatigue, increased pressure, memory impairment.
At first, the symptoms of vascular disease may not bother you, as the disease develops slowly. Therefore, many turn to the advanced form of pathology. If you have any symptoms of diseases of the vessels of the head and neck, you need to see a doctor.
Ischemia
Ischemia appears with a constant lack of blood in the coronary vessels that feed the myocardium, brain tissue. The reasons include hypodynamia or strong physical exertion, stress. Another disease arises from overwork, bad habits, unbalanced nutrition, disorders of carbohydrate and fat metabolism.
Symptoms of vascular disease include:
- chest pain radiating to the arm, jaw - first appears after physical exertion, and then disturbs at rest;
- dyspnea;
- arrhythmia;
- fast heart rate.
In the acute form, a heart attack appears - in case of illness, a large area of tissue falls out of the blood circulation. The pain becomes severe and cutting, after shortness of breath there is suffocation, pulmonary edema.
Symptoms of coronary artery disease of the brain include impaired coordination of movement, staggering of a person, deterioration of vision, hearing, memory, problems with sleep, change in character. Severe pain during ischemia is eliminated by "Nitroglycerin", but this remedy is not effective in case of a heart attack.
Strokes
If the violation of the blood supply to the tissues of the brain is persistent, the nerve endings die off, due to which some functions are lost. The cause of the disease include prolonged oxygen starvation of tissues in atherosclerosis. At first, the symptoms of cerebrovascular disease may appear imperceptibly, but over time they will be noticeable. With an ischemic stroke, the lumen of the blood vessel is blocked by a thrombus or cholesterol plaque, and with a hemorrhagic stroke,bursting of the damaged vessel and an intracerebral hematoma is formed.
Symptoms of cerebrovascular disease can manifest as:
- weakness and numbness of the limbs on the 1st side;
- throbbing headache;
- double vision;
- nausea, vomiting;
- discoordination, loss of orientation in space.
With these signs, urgent medical attention is needed. With the onset of symptoms of cerebrovascular disease, the specialist should take action no later than 4 hours after the attack. Ischemic stroke is detected more often, but hemorrhagic occurs in a more severe form. Symptoms of cerebrovascular disease usually appear at night or in the morning.
Hypertension
Diagnosis is confirmed with a persistent increase to 140/90 mm Hg. Art. The disease develops from obesity, lipid imbalance in the blood, excessive s alt intake, insomnia, frequent stress.
Symptoms of heart and vascular disease include:
- throbbing headache in the back of the head and temples;
- tinnitus;
- appearance of dark spots before the eyes;
- dizziness;
- shortness of breath, swelling of limbs;
- nausea, vomiting.
If there is no appropriate treatment, hypertension leads to atherosclerosis, stroke, heart attack, cerebral hemorrhage. Symptoms of vascular disease of the head begin to appear from the age of 45.
Neurocirculatory dystonia
The development of vegetative-vascular dystonia is observed when collected innervous system, deterioration of vascular function. Doctors identify many causes and symptoms of the disease. The disease appears from beriberi, stress, chronic insomnia, sedentary lifestyle. The disease is detected in children with strong mental, emotional, mental stress.
You can identify the disease by:
- pain in the heart;
- palpitations;
- permafrost hands and feet;
- excessive sweating;
- panic attacks;
- dyspnea;
- migraines, dizziness, weather sensitivity;
- stool disorder, nausea, loss of appetite;
- slight increase in temperature;
- fluctuation in arterial parameters.
VSD is a disease common among the inhabitants of hunger. It occurs in every 8 people. Usually, pathology is detected in individuals with an asthenic physique. Weak vessels are strengthened by hardening, regular sports.
Varicose
This ailment is usually noticeable in the legs, but sometimes it affects the hands as well. With varicose veins, the arteries of the legs suffer - the lumen of the venous bed increases, the walls of the vessels weaken. Symptoms of vascular disease of the legs usually appear during pregnancy. Another disease is observed in people who are forced to stand for a long time, as well as with endocrine problems, impaired functioning of the venous valve, weakness of the vascular walls, frequent hypothermia.
Symptoms of leg vascular disease include the appearance of:
- protruding, swollen veins;
- pain,especially in the evening;
- spider veins, small ulcers, skin peeling;
- convulsions, swelling.
Varicosis is a hereditary disease. In order not to aggravate the symptoms of vascular disease of the lower extremities, timely treatment is required. To prevent the disease, you should use venotonics with a vegetable base, wear compression underwear.
Symptoms of leg vascular disease and their treatment are interrelated. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor first. Symptoms of vascular disease of the hands are almost the same as in diseases of the legs. Wiping veins are visible on the upper limbs.
Hemorrhoids
This is a venous disease, a type of varicose veins, when the cavernous areas of the final section of the rectum expand, venous congestion is created. The disease often appears during pregnancy or immediately after childbirth, with regular constipation, a sedentary lifestyle, frequent weight lifting, alcoholism.
Hemorrhoids appear on:
- bursting pain in the anus;
- itching and burning sensation in the anus;
- bleeding on bowel movements.
Hemorrhoids can lead to anemia due to chronic blood loss. With timely treatment, it is possible to prevent the progression of the disease to a severe stage, when it is much more difficult to cure the disease completely.
Venous and arterial thrombosis, thromboembolism
Clots that accumulate on the walls of blood vessels are a dangerous disease. At any time, the clot is able to come off, which leads to death. The disease appears with endocrine and infectiousdiseases, after operations on vessels, with high blood viscosity, hypodynamia.
You can identify the disease by:
- tissue edema;
- skin pallor;
- dryness and flaking of the skin, ulcers;
- painful seals;
- acute hypoxia, tissue necrosis.
Thrombosis is a common ailment in bedridden patients. Only a doctor should prescribe treatment.
Who to contact
The vascular system is a complex mechanism in the human body. Therefore, different specialists are engaged in therapy:
- A neurologist treats vascular diseases of the brain.
- Phlebologist treats varicose veins, thrombophlebitis, inflammation of the venous wall.
- A cardiologist should be consulted for heart disease.
- Angiologist - a specialist who treats diseases of the arteries, the lymphatic system.
- Immunologist treats lupus erythematosus, vasculitis.
You may also need to consult an allergist, dermatologist, surgeon. In newborns, hemangioma often appears - an overgrowth of blood vessels, a convex red spot appears on the neck. Neoplasms are not dangerous, but they have a negative effect on blood clotting, immunity.
You should consult an oncologist and a surgeon, but usually no specific treatment is needed, the problem resolves itself by 10 years. Problems with blood vessels often appear in women with menopause - female sex hormones protect the walls of blood vessels from cholesterol.
Diagnosis
Since the symptoms and treatment of diseases of the vessels of the brain and other organs are interrelated, it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis accurately. When examination, palpation, percussion, auscultation is performed, laboratory and instrumental studies are prescribed by the doctor to identify the diagnosis, which will allow prescribing treatment.
Diagnosis is performed using:
- Clinical blood test. Vascular inflammation is confirmed by an increase in ESR.
- Clinical blood test. The level of LDH is taken into account, an increase in the urine of this substance is evidence of ischemia and heart attack.
- Biochemical analysis of blood. Sets the level of cholesterol. In men, the norm is 5.9-6.5 mmol / l, and in women - no more than 5.2 units. Tested on an empty stomach. The last meal should be 10 hours before.
- Immunological test for the presence of lipoproteins in the blood.
- Coagulogram - the process of blood clotting is detected.
- Angiography of vessels - contrast X-ray. It is used to determine pathologies in the vessels of the heart, legs, brain. This method is informative, but has many contraindications, special training is needed in stationary conditions.
- Angiography - a tomograph examines the state of blood vessels in the heart, neck, abdominal region, brain.
- Ultrasound. Cholesterol plaques and their location are revealed.
- MRI. The method allows you to determine vascular anomalies, the level of narrowing of blood vessels.
- RVG vessels. The procedure helps to detect the degree of blood circulation in the arms, legs, assess the tonevessels.
Vascular disease does not occur as a separate disease. Usually they are associated with malfunctions in the body.
Probable Complications
Since the vessels saturate all systems with oxygen and nutrients, when they become ill, pathologies can appear in any organ. Negative consequences affect the heart and brain.
The consequences of vascular diseases include the appearance of:
- heart attack, stroke;
- dementia;
- Alzheimer's disease;
- aneurysm;
- encephalopathy
- severe migraine;
- blindness, impaired speech, coordination;
- paralysis of limbs;
- tissue necrosis;
- mental disorders.
Vascular ailments lead to the appearance of various ailments, due to which disability or death occurs. If the disease is not treated, there may be a heart attack. Only a doctor should prescribe therapy.
Medicines
In the treatment of vascular ailments, drugs are used that improve blood circulation, increase the lumen in damaged capillaries, and cleanse the vessels of plaques. With the right choice of drugs, it will be possible to normalize metabolism, get rid of oxygen starvation in tissues.
With vascular pathologies, admission is allowed:
- Myotropic, neurotropic drugs, nitrates - "Eufilin", "Reserpine", "Nitroglycerin". Medicines normalize cerebral blood flow, reduce vascular tone, and have an effect on nerve fibers.
- Calcium blockerschannels - Diazema, Verapamil, Nifedipine, Amlodipine. Means do not allow to worsen the flexibility of blood vessels, they strengthen the walls.
- Cardiac drugs - "Adonizida", "Cardiovalena". There is a normalization of the work of the coronary vessels, the lack of oxygen in the brain is eliminated.
- Means with nicotinic acid - "Enduracin". Medicines have a positive effect even on small capillaries, but worsen liver function.
- Herbal medicines - "Bilobila", "Cavinton". Spasms disappear with them, blood circulation is restored. The funds have few contraindications and side effects.
- Preparations that strengthen the walls of blood vessels - Ascorutin, Venoton, Detralex.
- Nootropics - "Nootropil", "Phenotropil". With drugs improves memory, brain function. Funds are assigned to persons engaged in mental work.
- Medications for migraine - "Max alta". With them, the vascular tone decreases, spasms are eliminated, anesthesia is performed, and an anti-inflammatory effect is provided.
- Anticoagulants, antiaggregants - Heparin, Hirudin. Means protect against the appearance of blood clots, reduce the risk of heart attack, improve peripheral vessels.
- Means for cleansing blood vessels - "Cavinton", "Capilarina".
People at risk need constant intake of ascorbic acid, vitamin E, fish oil.
Food
The he alth of blood vessels depends on the food you eat. Fatty and fried foods, a lot of coffee, s alt, sugar - all this leads to dangerous ailments. Meals should consist of:
- sea fish, seafood, lean meat;
- vegetable oils – olive, corn, linseed;
- cereals, bran, wholemeal rye bread, durum wheat pasta;
- milk and dairy products with an average fat content;
- biscuits, bread rolls, homemade marmalade, marshmallows - in moderation;
- light vegetable soups, meat first courses - once a week;
- nuts;
- legume vegetables, potatoes, carrots, sauerkraut, eggplant, celery, pumpkin, herbs;
- seasonal berries and fruits, dried fruits, citrus fruits.
Dishes should be baked, stewed, boiled, steamed. S alt should be after cooking, in a bowl. Hot spices, vegetables - chili, ginger, mustard, horseradish root, onion, garlic have the property of blood thinning. Do not use them for stomach problems.
To reduce the risk of diseased vessels, it is important to exclude fast food. You need to consume no more than 2 chicken eggs per week. You need to drink 1 cup of coffee or strong tea per day.
Prevention
Vascular diseases lead to severe complications, so regular prophylaxis should be carried out, which reduces the risk of pathologies. The following measures will help prevent problems with blood vessels:
- Aspirin intake. The tool thins the blood, so it is advised to use it for the prevention of thrombosis and heart attack - 100 mg every evening for dinner for 4-6 months. The drug should not be taken with a tendency tobleeding, in order to reduce the negative effect on the stomach, it is necessary to choose enteric types of acetylsalicylic acid - "Trombo ACC", "Aspirin Cardio".
- It is necessary to eat properly and in a balanced way, which allows you to prevent the accumulation of cholesterol in the body, the vessels will remain elastic.
- You should be able to cope with stress, nervous strain. For this helps meditation, yoga, hiking, hobbies.
- It is necessary to regularly measure the pressure, entering the results in a diary.
- Weight control - an extra 10 kg increases the pressure by 10-20 units. Eliminate bad habits.
- You need to get enough sleep.
- We need sports - loads should be moderate and regular.
In order to detect vascular pathology in a timely manner, after 30 years it is necessary to undergo regular examinations, monitor cholesterol and blood sugars. In addition to weight, waist circumference should be constantly measured to determine abdominal obesity. The norm for women is up to 88 cm, and for men - 102. Thanks to simple preventive measures, a he althy lifestyle reduces the risk of pathologies by 3 times.
