The beginning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in any conditions is the Safar triple intake, which ensures the flow of air into the victim's airways. This technique has already saved many lives, and its value is invaluable.
Why breathing is so important
Without oxygen, a person's life is interrupted for several minutes. The greatest danger of oxygen starvation is for brain cells. After 3-5 minutes of lack of breathing, you can restore the basic vital functions, but during this time the brain dies irrevocably, and with it everything that makes up the human personality - memory, perception, speech, emotions and thinking.
That is why the Safar triple technique should be mastered by every person, because no one is immune from accidents and disasters. The actions of someone who happened to be nearby at a critical moment can save or end a life hanging by a thread. For a person in a state of clinical death, nature took no more than 5 minutes to go to another world or return to this one.
The history of resuscitation
Resuscitation as a science has been counting since the 50s of the last century. Until that time, attempts to revive a personwere non-systemic in nature, and only isolated cases ended in success. The success of earlier resuscitations can only be attributed to a lucky coincidence, and not to thoughtful step-by-step actions. Everything that was used before - compression of the chest, pulling the tongue, sudden cooling and other methods, either brought success or not. Since the second half of the last century, Safar's triple intake has become mandatory, first for physicians, and then for every adult.
This technique is named after the Austrian doctor Peter Safar, who is considered the "father" of resuscitation throughout the world. The development of this critical life-saving science has been made possible by advances in anesthesiology. The relief of pain, the resumption of breathing and heartbeat became the basis on which all the world's achievements in medicine could rely. Decades later, this technique does not become less relevant. Methods of diagnosis and treatment are changing, but every recovery in any country begins with this technique.
How Safar is performed
It is performed completely only when there is no damage to the spine in the cervical region. Visible foreign bodies and vomit should be removed from the mouth and nose before starting the salvage maneuver.
Recognized method of initiating resuscitation or Safar's triple maneuver is performed as follows:
- The head of a person lying on a hard surface is thrown back.
- Hands open mouth.
- Pushing outlower jaw.
These sequential actions open the airways, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation becomes possible. The triple intake of Safar on the respiratory tract includes not only opening the way for air, but also giving the body the necessary position for revitalization. If people who accidentally happened to be nearby begin to revive, then the doctors who arrived later do not change the position of the victim’s body, but continue their work until the result.
Why is this sequence of actions
In case of traumatic shock, acute pain of other origin, heart or lung infarction, as well as other emergency conditions, a person loses consciousness and falls. All his muscles relax. This also applies to the muscles of the pharynx. The root of the tongue relaxes and adheres to the back wall of the larynx, which never happens in a he althy person. The sunken root of the tongue blocks the entrance to the trachea, and oxygen stops flowing into the lungs. If the heart continues to beat, then only taking Safar opens the airways, and the person can come to himself spontaneously. When the head is thrown back, the tissues between the lower jaw and the larynx are stretched, and the root of the tongue is moved away from the back of the pharynx. The extension of the lower jaw increases the air gap even more. Even if cardiac activity has stopped, there is still an opportunity for further revival of a person.
Subtleties of performing the technique
There are a few things to be aware of. First of all, the Safar reception is performed only inlying position of the victim. Clothes need to be unbuttoned, belts and fasteners should be loosened. It is necessary to loosen everything that is on the chest. If there are removable dentures, they are taken out.
You need to lay a person on a hard surface, the easiest way is on the floor or asph alt. In winter, it is advisable to put a blanket under if you have one and time allows, but this is not necessary. Then you need to kneel on the side of the victim, closer to the head. The palm of one hand is placed under the neck and lifted as high as possible. The other hand is placed on the forehead and pressed on the head. These two movements should cause the victim's mouth to open wide. If the mouth is well open, the technique is correct.
How to protrude the lower jaw
Given that the Safar triple maneuver is used for further resuscitation, the jaw must always be advanced. After the victim's mouth has opened, both open palms must be transferred to the forehead so that the thumbs are on it. The palms at the same time cover the corners of the lower jaw. The jaw must be pushed forward until the lower teeth move in line with the upper teeth or even stand slightly in front of them. If the mouth is still not wide enough, then the thumb and forefinger fold crosswise and push the jaws apart. In this case, the index fingers press on the upper teeth, and the thumbs on the lower ones.
The jaw can be extended in another way - press the forehead with one hand, and insert the thumb of the other hand into the oral cavity and pull well. thumb is betterwrap it in a cloth to prevent injury.
What to do if you can't tilt your head back
If a fracture of the cervical spine is suspected, the head should not be thrown back in any case. Any movement in the area of the fracture can worsen the condition. But since Safar's triple intake is necessary for resuscitation, one can limit oneself to jaw protrusion. You need to pay attention to the position of the tongue. If it is not possible to fully open the mouth, then the tongue is simply held with the hand in a protruding position. An S-tube or other resuscitation equipment may be used.
Who can use the Safar maneuver
Any person who has completed a short course or briefing. Today, the Safar technique is used in medicine directly in intensive care units, during rescue operations and any disasters. Police officers, volunteers, social activists and other people who are far from medicine are necessarily involved in the study of this technique. This technique should be known to every parent and in general every adult. This is especially true for drivers. Everyone who drives a vehicle can become a witness to an accident at any time. If a person has lost consciousness and does not show signs of life, the countdown of his earthly time has gone to seconds. In order to extend its life, just follow a few simple steps.
What to do after jaw protrusion
The triple dose of Safar includes only the release of the airways, and then you need to start the actual resuscitation. First of all, you need to pinch your nosefingers and blow air into the lungs - at least with your mouth. The chest should expand. If, after the rescuer exhales, the victim's chest does not expand, this means that there is a foreign body in the air path. It is necessary to carefully examine the oral cavity again and remove everything that interferes - mucus, vomit or foreign objects. It is enough to wipe the mouth with any cloth. After that, usually the air begins to pass. After completing the exhalation, the rescuer opens the fingers on the nose so that the air is passively expelled.
Triple Safar is a matter of a few seconds, and then the rescuer must do 12 breaths per minute, so natural breathing is replaced. At the same time, you need to do an indirect heart massage, replacing its work. The uniqueness of manual resuscitation is that you can replace breathing and heartbeat for a very long time. Medicine knows cases when rescuers breathed for the victim for about an hour, and after that the person not only remained alive, but also completely retained his sound mind and all other functions.
Which victims can be treated with a rescue technique
Everyone, Safar's triple dose is for adults and children. In adults with a broken jaw, air is blown into the nose, and in children, due to the small size of the face, air is blown into the mouth and nose at the same time. The method of artificial respiration "mouth to mouth" is poetically called "kiss of life", and it fully justifies its name.
It is desirable for every adult to be trained on a mannequin orsimulator, so as not to get lost in a critical situation. Actions need to be worked out to automatism, then minor details do not distract from the main thing. A person who has been trained acts confidently and calmly, and this is one of the most important conditions for saving lives. Safar's reception, the indications for which are extensive, is mastered by firefighters, policemen and rescuers in the first place. This is an integral part of their functional duties.
