Dysplasia is a disease that is characterized by a violation of the process of formation of any organs or tissues. There are a huge number of types of this pathology. For example: dysplasia of connective tissues, hard part of the tooth, fibrous and metaepiphyseal dysplasia, as well as cervix and hip joints. We will focus on the last two, which are most common.
Hip Dysplasia
There are many factors contributing to the development of the disease. Most of them are associated with the course of pregnancy. For example:
- The bones of the fetus begin to form almost from the very beginning of bearing a child until the very birth. If the expectant mother eats poorly, then the baby will not receive those essential trace elements and nutrients that are responsible for strengthening the bone and cartilage apparatus.
- Incorrect positioning of the baby in the abdomen (breech presentation), oligohydramnios, the presence of uterine fibroids - all this contributes to the fact thatthe basis of the cartilaginous joint is poorly developed and the formation of its surface is not correct.
- Dysplasia is a disease that can be caused by the presence of bad habits of a pregnant woman that provoke improper bone formation.
- Unfavorable ecological atmosphere or harmful profession of mother.
- Hereditary factors.
- Late pregnancy.
Dysplasia grades
- First degree (pre-dislocation) - this is when the hip joint did not have time to fully form, and the displacement of the femoral head in relation to the acetabulum did not occur.
- Second degree dysplasia (subluxation) - congenital underdevelopment of the joint with a slight displacement of the femur.
- Third degree of dysplasia (dislocation) - not fully formed joint with complete prolapse from the glenoid cavity of the femoral head.
Symptoms of pathology
Dysplasia is a disease that the mother herself can suspect, since many of its signs are visible to the naked eye. For example:
- The presence of asymmetric folds in the buttocks.
- The appearance of additional folds on the thigh, both on the inside and on the outside.
- The impossibility of breeding the baby's legs.
- The presence of a click when spreading the legs, bent at the hip joint and knees. This is the most obvious symptom of dysplasia and indicates the reduction of the subluxation.
- In more advanced cases, shortening of one lower limb may be observed. At the same time, it is worth consideringthat it is worth taking measurements as follows: the child lies on his back with his legs bent at the knees, and his feet rest on the floor. It is necessary to estimate the height of the knee joints relative to each other. The affected leg will be lower.
- At the age when the baby begins to walk, dysplasia is already noticeable to everyone around him - he has the so-called duck gait. There may also be lameness in the affected leg.
Treatment
It is necessary to identify the presence of this disease as early as possible. Dysplasia is a pathology that manifests itself almost immediately after birth, therefore, for its timely detection, absolutely all babies must undergo a preventive examination by an orthopedist on time.
Treatment of the condition should include procedures to help keep the hips in hip abduction and flexion. For this, special diverting devices are used, for example, Pavlik's stirrups (from 1 to 6-8 months) or a diverting splint with splints (from 6-8 months). All this is mandatory prescribed only by an orthopedic doctor.
Cervical Dysplasia
This is a disease characterized by changes in the epithelium of the tissues of the cervix. This pathology occurs in 2 women out of 1000.
The main cause of dysplasia is the presence in the body of the human papillomavirus of a malignant type (No. 16 and No. 18). Approximately one year after these microorganisms enter the epithelial cells, they begin to change their composition.
Factors causing disease development
- Smoking.
- Multiple births.
- Long-term use of hormonal contraceptives.
- The disease of the partner with cancer of the glans penis.
- Genetic predispositions.
- STDs that cause a decrease in immunity.
- Failure to follow the rules of personal hygiene.
Treatment of dysplasia
There are several methods of getting rid of this pathology:
- Pathology monitoring. It is used at the initial stage of the disease. In more than half of cases, the disease resolves on its own.
- Laser burning, cryotherapy, or surgery to remove a damaged area of the uterus.
- Total removal of the uterus.
