How to achieve a ramp in the entrance? This is a common question. Let's figure it out in this article.
Due to the fact that politics in Russia is socially oriented, more and more attention is paid to ensuring the normal movement of people with disabilities. Increasingly, special ramps are being installed at the entrances to public places, as well as at the entrances of residential buildings. According to the law "On Social Protection of the Disabled", it is guaranteed that such people have free access to any public places, as well as to their homes.
State authorities and all interested persons must comply with this law and install a ramp in the places where it is supposed to. If violations are noted, it is necessary to bring the perpetrators to administrative responsibility.
What standards should be observed when building a ramp?
Installing a ramp at the entrance on your own will not work, since it must be built in accordance with technical regulations. In addition, documentation with permission must be on hand.for the operation of such a ramp, as well as an installation permit issued by the management of the organization servicing the entrance.
There are fixed rules that must be followed to install a ramp in the entrance of the house:
- the construction of a ramp is mandatory if the level of the surface intended for movement changes, as well as when a floor height difference of more than four centimeters appears;
- when installed, the angle of inclination can be a maximum of 5%, which is the ratio of the length and height of the structure;
- the ramp includes 3 components: a horizontal lower and upper track, corresponding to the dimensions of wheelchairs, as well as an inclined track of the required width;
- when the ramp span exceeds nine meters, the installation of additional areas intended for recreation is required;
- if it is not possible to comply with the standards for installing a structure with a five-degree slope, you can make it up to 10%, which equals eight degrees;
- you can not install a ramp if the entrance to it is blocked by a wall or some other obstacle, and also if the exit is carried out directly to the fence or to the door;
- exceptional are situations when it is impossible to build a ramp in accordance with the standards, but in this case, folding or screw structures must be installed.
According to building regulations
The ramp in the entrance for the disabled must be done as prescribedbuilding rules. However, to ensure the most comfortable ascent and descent, it is necessary to take into account some points:
- The design of a one-way ramp designed for wheelchairs must be at least 90 centimeters wide, and when moving in two directions, at least 180 centimeters.
- The movement of a disabled person is greatly simplified if you hold the handrails with half-bent arms. It is on the basis of this that the calculation of the width of the ramp is required.
- With an estimated width of the ramp equal to 180 centimeters, the angle of elevation needs to be made slightly smaller in order to make it easier to enter it, since a person can hold on with only one hand. There are other requirements as well. Designed for one-way traffic, the design is made more comfortable by the fact that the handrails are placed on both sides, making it much easier to climb, and if necessary, you can easily release one hand in the middle of the way.
- Ramps having a width of 3 m or more, according to UN standards, are recommended to be equipped with an additional handrail.
Responsibility
If the requirements regarding the design of the ramp in the entrance and its installation are not properly observed, the person who is responsible for the maintenance of the dwelling should be held criminally or administratively liable. In this case, the building is dismantled. The following punishment is set:
- administrative fine for illegal maintenance of the house, which should not be more than 50 thousand rubles;
- an administrative fine for poor-quality services in the amount of up to 50 thousand rubles.
What is a ramp?
A ramp is a concrete or metal structure, on an inclined surface of which it is possible to move wheelchairs. One of the main conditions is the presence of horizontal platforms below and above. They, in fact, provide both check-in and exit from this structure. The dimensions of the ramp for the disabled and the requirements of GOST are of interest to many.
These devices should be installed by default in the entrances of new buildings. This rule is specified in building rules and regulations. As for old houses, they must be equipped with such a structure without fail during a major overhaul or at the request of residents. At the moment, there is also an alternative to the ramp - a specially designed elevator, but its installation is quite expensive.
Ramp dimensions for disabled people
Let's give the minimum height difference that requires the installation of a flat path - 4 cm. there will be no movement, then a width of 1.5 m can be recommended.
The height (height difference) of one march of an inclined track should be no more than 0.8 m. The length of one march also has restrictions - a maximum of 9 m.
The height of the handrails should be two levels. Atthe first level - 70 cm. If disabled children move, it will be reduced to 50 cm. The height of the second level is 90 cm.
Features of intermediate platforms
In order for the movement of disabled people in wheelchairs to be unhindered and comfortable, intermediate platforms are also expected. They are installed depending on the width of the ramp, and this is done in any case if the ramp turns are 90 or 180 degrees. Such platforms provide an opportunity to rest while moving, as well as turn the stroller in the required direction.
Norms
They are set according to the following indicators:
- ideal size for an irreversible design is 90 by 140 centimeters;
- standard turning ramp should be equipped with a platform measuring 140 by 140 centimeters;
- when the double-sided ramp exceeds a width of 140 centimeters, a platform measuring 140 by 150 centimeters is required;
lift, which has a turn of 180 degrees, must be equipped with an intermediate platform, the size of which is 180 by 150 centimeters.
Requirements for the size of the ramp for the disabled (GOST 51261-99) must be strictly observed.
Features of fences and handrails
Like ramps, the installation of fences is also carried out in strict accordance with the norms and requirements prescribed in GOST. In accordance with this document, structures must be equipped with fencing elements and handrails. They can be either single orpaired, and different heights. The following requirements must be observed when installing handrails to the ramp for the disabled at the entrance:
- continuous installation of enclosing structures on any section of the ramp;
- installation of handrails should be carried out parallel to the path of movement at a level not higher than 90 centimeters;
- railing should be fastened from the inside, and the structure itself should be parallel to the plane of movement and continuously;
- at the end of the march, the handrails protrude 300 mm;
- material for the railing should be a metal round profile with a cross section of no more than 50 millimeters, ideally 40;
- outer ends of the structure should be provided with small bumpers to prevent wheelchairs from rolling as they approach the site.
Where should I go for installation?
To install a ramp at the entrance, you need:
Write to the Management / Housing Maintenance Company, to the homeowners association a statement in several copies (this must be done to the head of the company).
Clearly indicate the following in the application: the place where you need to install the ramp (inside the entrance or near it), its intended design (stationary or folding).
An application for the installation of a ramp in the entrance must be sent to the postal address. You can give it personally to the head of the company or the secretary. The request must be processed within a month, and then the applicant will knowsolution.
From the budget
It should be noted that the installation of ramps for the disabled is carried out from the budget. However, the financial side of construction, according to the law, can be transferred to companies that maintain a house on their balance sheet. To install a ramp for budget money, you need to write an application to the social security authorities at the place of residence or registration. In addition, the following documents must be added:
- to the person writing the application, documents on his ownership of the living space;
- certificate of disability or group data;
- passport copy;
- if the child has a disability - a birth certificate;
- certificate of family composition.
The district department of social protection is obliged to send the finished appeal to the Ministry of Social Protection. When the application is received and reviewed, the Ministry sends specialists to assess the proposed ramp installation, as well as to calculate the cost of the work. Funds are allocated from the budget exactly according to the submitted data for the design and further installation.
In the absence of any response from the administration, citizens have the right to apply with the question of building a ramp to the official website of the city or regional authorities. In practice, it often happens that this appeal is considered much faster, and in most cases the answer to it comes in the affirmative.
We have reviewed the dimensions of the ramp for the disabled.
Procedure for positivebuilding decision
When the administration makes a decision, you need to call and find out about the time at which the work on measurements and the actual installation is planned. This is necessary so that the ramp is comfortable and correct. So, if there are several disabled people in the house, who may have different wheelchairs, the ramp should be, accordingly, universal. Otherwise, it will suit one citizen, but not the other. Reworking it will be much more difficult than the original correct installation. What else regulates the law on the ramp at the entrance?
You also need to strictly monitor the side from which the ramp will be built, whether the open door will interfere with the movement of the stroller. It is necessary to discuss all the important details in advance. Citizens have the right to seek truly high-quality construction of a ramp, and not such a mechanism, which then will not be usable.
You need to be prepared to wait, as it will take several months between a positive decision and installation. For example, when applying in November, you need to wait for construction next year, since the money most often runs out by the end of the year. We considered who should install the ramp in the entrance.
