Colds cause many complications, one of which may be sinusitis. If it is not treated in time, it becomes chronic. How to treat sinusitis? Treatments and drugs used in therapy will be described below.
Why do we need paranasal sinuses?
What a human skull looks like, everyone knows from the pictures. But its structure is much more complicated than it might seem at first glance. For example, the fact that there are cavities in the facial bones of the skull, called the maxillary sinuses, is known, perhaps, only to those who have encountered sinusitis. This disease causes a lot of trouble, as it disrupts the breathing process. What drugs for sinusitis will help to cope with the problem quickly and efficiently?
Symptoms of sinusitis
Diseases of the upper respiratory tract are quite common in both adults and children. A stuffy nose or runny nose is one of the symptoms of a he alth problem. Many, following the saying that if a runny nose is not treated, then it will pass in 7 days, and if treated, then in a week, pay little attention to the qualitytreatment of this problem, preferring to use vasoconstrictors that eliminate congestion and stop the flow of mucus.
But this technique is not a treatment, but only works to eliminate the symptoms. Often the result of such an attitude to the common cold becomes sinusitis. However, this inflammatory disease may have other causes. The main symptoms of a sinus problem that lines the mucous layer are:
- persistent nasal congestion;
- change of voice - he becomes hoarse, deaf;
- impaired sense of smell and taste;
- headaches that can migrate to the upper jaw, forehead; they are aggravated by tilting the head forward and to the side;
- swelling in the bridge of the nose, forehead, cheeks.
Discharge from the nose may not always be a sign of sinusitis, because in some cases the mucosa swells so much that it blocks the exits for the secret from the paranasal sinuses. But if there is a runny nose with sinusitis, then the discharge will have a green or yellow-green color. It is also possible to increase the temperature to 38 degrees, sleep disturbance, absent-mindedness, feeling tired and weak.
Complex treatment will almost always include an antibiotic for sinusitis. For adults, the name of the drugs (tablets or injections) will be prompted by the attending physician. For children, this group of drugs should be prescribed taking into account the characteristics of the developing organism, which should be taken care of by a specialist observing the child. Also in the group of medicinesincludes antiseptics, vasoconstrictor drugs. Some patients will be recommended antihistamines. Effective in such a disease and means that cleanse the nasal passages from a pathogenic secret.
Azithromycin
There are a lot of medicines that help defeat pathogenic bacteria today. Their range is wide, many of them are used in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Azithromycin is a popular antibiotic for sinusitis in adults. The names of drugs with this active substance will be prompted by the doctor. Azithromycin belongs to the pharmacological group of macrolides and azalides. This medicinal component is able to fight against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, anaerobes, mycobacteria, ureoplasma. It has the effect of the first circle, that is, passing through the liver for the first time, azithromycin and its metabolites retain their therapeutic activity. It easily enters all organs and tissues, as it has the ability to pass through histohematic barriers. A feature of azithromycin is that it is concentrated in the focus of infection more than in other tissues. The most famous drugs with this active ingredient are Sumamed, Azitral, Hemomycin. Generic "Azithromycin" is produced by many pharmaceutical companies, adding a brand name to the name, for example, "Azithromycin-Akrikhin". What drug and in what pharmaceutical form to choose, the doctor will advise.
Cephalosporins
Many drugswith sinusitis, they contain an antibiotic as an active component, because it is often pathogenic bacteria that cause the disease. Another of these substances used in otolaryngology is cephalosporin. Rather, under this name, a whole group of four generations of cephalosporin antibiotics is combined. So, for example, cefuroxime axetil works in tablets or granules for the preparation of a Zinnat suspension. This antibiotic belongs to the II generation of cephalosporins and works against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes. The specialist prescribing such a drug should remember that some bacteria are insensitive to this drug, and treatment will only harm without benefit.
Preparations for sinusitis in adults and children with cefditoren in the composition have a pronounced medicinal effect. This antibiotic is a third generation cephalosporin. The most popular medicine based on it is Spectracef, produced in the form of tablets of 200 or 400 mg. This drug inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cells, which causes their death. But, despite the effectiveness in the treatment of bacterial infections, it cannot help if the pathogens are resistant to the active substance. Only a doctor should prescribe a medicine after examining the patient.
Combined antibiotics
As many people far from medicine believe, only antibiotics will help to treat sinusitis in a quality manner, and the most effective drugs should contain a complex of such substances. But not worth itforget that the treatment of bacterial, viral infections and their complications should be prescribed only by a specialist after an adequate diagnosis has been made. The pharmaceutical industry releases many combination drugs of the antibiotic group on the pharmacy market.
For example, "Amoxiclav", in which the active ingredients are two substances - amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Complementing each other, they carry out antibacterial treatment of sinusitis and sinusitis. Synonymous drugs that a doctor can recommend are Flemoklav-Solutab, Augmentin, Panklav. Such drugs are produced in the form of capsules that dissolve in the intestines, and in the form of a suspension, most often prescribed to children in accordance with age characteristics.
Disinfection
In order to treat inflammation, antibiotics are not always used. For example, some drugs for sinusitis of the nose belong to the pharmaceutical group of antiseptics and disinfectants. The most popular are Miramistin and Okomistin. These are liquid forms containing as a working component such a chemical compound as benzyldimethyl [3-(myristoylamino) propyl] ammonium chloride monohydrate. This substance has an antimicrobial effect, successfully fights those pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics. Release medicines in the form of liquids. When performing a puncture of the maxillary sinuses, the medicine is used to wash them. As a contraindication to therapy with thisonly individual intolerance acts as a substance.
Silver Proteinate
For many patients, the treatment of sinusitis becomes a rather long stage. The most effective drugs help to solve this problem qualitatively, but not always in a short time. Advanced forms of this disease may require almost a lifelong use of special tools to cleanse the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. One of the agents, also belonging to the group of antiseptics, is silver proteinate. Based on it, the drugs "Protargol", "Sialor" are produced. Silver ions, which are part of the drug, bind to the DNA of pathogenic bacteria that multiply in the nasal cavity, which disrupts the life cycle and leads to their death. Unfortunately, the drug "Protargol" can only be bought in the departments of those pharmacies that have their own production of medicines, since the shelf life of this medicine is only 3-5 days. "Sialor" is an industrial analogue of "Protargol" with a shelf life of up to 30 days, it is available in the form of tablets for the preparation of a medicinal solution.
For allergies
Drugs for sinusitis are not always just antibiotics or antiseptics. For many of those who suffer from allergies, sinusitis becomes a constant companion of life. And antihistamines help to cope with this problem. For example, preparations based on chlorpyramine have been used in therapeutic practice for a long time. Apart from the generic name itself called by nameactive substance, everyone knows the medicine for allergies, which is called "Suprastin". This drug blocks histamine receptors, due to which it weakens the secretory function of the mucosa, has a slight antispasmodic and hypnotic effect. Antihistamines for the treatment of sinusitis can only be recommended by the doctor leading the patient, setting the regimen and duration of the medication.
Oxymetazoline
The main symptom of sinusitis is difficulty breathing through the nose, which is caused by swelling of the mucous membrane and increased secretion of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses and nose. Pharmacy employees often hear the question of what drugs can be used for sinusitis to improve breathing. This can help funds related to the pharmaceutical group of anticongestants and alpha-adrenergic agonists. They constrict blood vessels, relieve swelling of the mucous membrane, which helps to relieve nasal congestion and reduce secretory secretions. One of the leading positions in a fairly extensive list of these medicinal substances is occupied by oxymetazoline. It is he who acts as an active component in such well-known drugs that relieve nasal congestion, such as Nazol, Nazivin, Afrin, Rinostop, Viks-Active. Sold drugs for the treatment of sinusitis and runny nose, facilitating nasal breathing, without a doctor's prescription. But taking them without special indications and appointment of a specialist, as well as for a long time, is not recommended.
Xylometazoline
Not so long ago the most sought afterpreparations for the treatment of sinusitis in adults and children were produced on the basis of xylometazoline. It is also an anticongestant that causes vasoconstriction in the mucous membranes of the nasal and paranasal sinuses. On the basis of this substance, you can find many medicines used in the treatment of sinusitis - "Galazolin", "Xymelin", "Tizin", "Xilen", "Dlyanos". These medicines should not be used for more than 5 days, as they cause the mucosa to become addictive, making it unable to function properly without the use of the medicine. Some of these drugs have been in use for decades, while others are only gaining popularity and are widely advertised. But the working substance in them is the same, only the release forms and auxiliary components change. The physician should recommend the use of xylometazoline nasal medications for sinusitis, although these are available from pharmacies without a prescription.
Nasal washes
Removal of secretions from the mucous membranes of the nose and paranasal sinuses is one of the stages of high-quality therapy for ENT diseases. In pharmacies, you can buy drugs that treat sinusitis, which are used specifically for washing the nose and removing mucus and pus. In the vast majority of cases, "sea water" is used as the active component of these liquids - a balanced isotonic s alt solution that helps normalize the functionality of the mucous membranes, liquefy and remove accumulatedmucus. Such preparations may have special nozzles, with the help of which water is poured into one nostril, passes through the sinuses and pours out through the other nostril, washing out the mucus and having an anti-inflammatory effect. They irrigate the mucous membrane and help recovery and preparations in the form of nasal sprays. Which drug to choose, in what pharmaceutical form - the specialist will recommend. The choice of drugs for cleansing the nasal passages is quite large. These are Aqua Maris, Physiomer, Aqualor, Otrivin, Morenasal, Marimer. Use liquids for washing the sinuses carefully - read the instructions and repeat the algorithm of actions in strict order, as indicated by the manufacturer.
Help protect the body
Practically any disease as one of the reasons for its appearance and development has a decrease in the functionality of immunity. Therefore, drugs aimed at activating all systems of this complex structure are also indicated in the treatment of a disease such as sinusitis. Immunomodulators and immunostimulants are a whole complex of natural and synthetic substances that help to establish the proper functioning of the immune system. For example, sodium deoxyribonucleate is an organic compound obtained from an aqueous extract of salmon and sturgeon fish milt by chemical and ultrasonic treatment. This substance is able to stimulate B-lymphocytes and T-helpers, as well as activate cells of the monocyte-macrophage system, which has an immunomodulatory effect. Effect. Sodium deoxyribonucleate works in such preparations as "Derinat", "Dezoksinat", "Panagen".
Today, many immunomodulators are widely advertised. For example, "Polyoxidonium". As an active ingredient, it contains azoximer bromide, which has a complex immunomodulatory, detoxifying, antioxidant and some anti-inflammatory effect. Glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide, a synthetically produced immunomodulator, works in the preparation "Likopid". This substance activates the cells of the immune system - phagocytes involved in the destruction through the absorption of pathogens. The drug "Likopid" can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases, even for children from the age of three.
Any disease is a deterioration in well-being, a violation of the rhythm of life. The disease must be correctly diagnosed so that the doctor can prescribe an adequate treatment for each specific situation. Here, drugs for sinusitis should be taken only after examination and only on the recommendation of a specialist, because such a disease requires an integrated approach using drugs from different pharmacological groups, physiotherapy, and lifestyle adjustments. And only a competent specialist will be able to recommend drugs in accordance with the age and characteristics of the patient's body, taking into account the possible interaction of the active substances of drugs.
