Blood pressure is usually called the force with which blood acts on the walls of arteries, capillaries and veins, thus moving throughout the vascular system in the human body. For some reason, there may be deviations from the norm of blood pressure in humans. It should also be noted that these indicators will differ depending on the age of the patient. But what indicators will be "non-dangerous"? With the norm of human pressure by age can be found in this article.
General information
The vascular tone, the amount of blood that is ejected from the heart at a time, the frequency of contraction by this organ takes part in the formation of pressure. Deviations in the function of the cardiovascular system can cause a decrease or increase in blood pressure parameters. During pressure measurement, twomain parameter:
- Systolic pressure that occurs during contraction of the cardiac left ventricle.
- Diastolic pressure, which is measured when the heart muscle relaxes.
Systolic pressure will indicate the normal functioning of the heart. And diastolic indicates the ability to relax and tense the walls of blood vessels.
Person pressure by age
As mentioned earlier, people will have different rates depending on their age. The norm of blood pressure is average, it is optimal for he althy middle-aged patients. It should be noted that there may be individual deviations from this norm, which can be about 10 mm Hg. Such a deviation will not be considered a pathology. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that not only the pressure of a person by age, but also at different times of the day will be different. This indicator may vary depending on:
- Under or overeating.
- States of the nervous system.
- Drinking alcohol, coffee and tea.
- Changes in the weather.
- Sufficient sleep and daily routine.
- Emotional state.
Taking into account the physiological characteristics of the human body, it is recommended to measure the pressure in adults and children at approximately the same time of day, due to whichthe result will give the most accurate cyclic state of the cardiovascular system.
Norm table
So, let's take a closer look at the table of human pressure by age. Figures are shown separately for women and men.
|
Age of a person |
Norm for males |
Normal for females |
Pulse rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-10 years | 112/70 mmHg | 100/70 mmHg | 90-110 bpm |
| 10-20 years | 118/75 mmHg | 115/75 mmHg | 60-90 bpm |
| 20-30 years old | 120/76 mmHg | 116/78 mmHg | 60-65 bpm |
| 30-40 years old | 125/80mmHg | 124/80mmHg | 65-68 bpm |
| 40-50 years old | 140/88 mmHg | 127/82 mmHg | 68-72 bpm |
| 50-60 years old | 155/90 mmHg | 135/85 mmHg | 72-80 bpm |
| Over 70 | 175/95 mmHg | 155/89 mmHg | 84-85 bpm |
Norm blood pressure by weight
Another important nuance worth paying attention to. There is a norm of human pressure by age and weight. But how to correctly calculate this indicator, given your weight data? To do this, use the formula:
- Upper=109 + (0.5 x number of years) + (0.1 x weight in kg).
- Lower=63 + (0.1 x number of years) + (0.15 x weight in kg).
In young children
The norm of blood pressure in people will change depending on age, as you already understood. This indicator in newborns should be considered in more detail. In the table of the norm of human pressure by age, you can see that in children whose age is from 1 year to 10 years, 112/70 mm Hg is considered a "non-dangerous" indicator. - for boys. And also 100/70 mm Hg. - for girls.
As for children under 1 year old, the norm will be 70/50 mm Hg. However, as the child develops and grows, this indicator will rise from 90/60 to 100/70 mm. It should be noted that the level of blood pressure will also differ from the norm, depending on some factors. These factors include:
- Date of birth of the child. Premature babies often have hypotension.
- Baby activity. The most active child will experience diurnal fluctuations in blood pressureapproximately 25 mm.
- Baby growth. The tallest children will have the highest blood pressure readings.
- Gender. Girls in childhood will have higher indicators than the representatives of the stronger sex.
Adolescents
So, we continue to get acquainted in more detail with the norm of human pressure by age. As for adolescents, the following will be considered a “non-dangerous” indicator: the upper one should be from 110 to 136 mm, and the lower one should be from 70 to 86 mm. If changes in blood pressure are noticed, then most often this is a consequence of a hormonal failure in the body, as well as an unstable emotional state. Typically, this happens to children between the ages of 12 and 16.
Adults
What else can be said about the normal pressure of a person over the years? With age, as you already understood, the indicators change. Depending on the characteristics of the body in an adult, the indicator can range from 110/80 to 130/100 mm. rt. Art. As for the elderly, their rate increases by about 20 units. At the same time, attention should be paid to the fact that for men this indicator will be slightly higher than for the fair sex. One of the main reasons for the chronic increase in indicators is the thickening and increase in the rigidity of the walls of blood vessels. In addition, concomitant factors of changes in normal pressure in a person over the years, with age will bebe the following pathologies:
- Disruption in the functioning of the mechanisms that regulate the heartbeat: the pacemaker, as well as the neural network.
- Defect in the structure of blood vessels and the heart. Such a defect can be either congenital or acquired, for example, in vascular thrombosis or atherosclerosis.
- Violation of the structure of the vascular walls. As a rule, this is observed in diabetes mellitus, gout and atherosclerosis. Increase or decrease in vascular tone.
- Poor elasticity of the vascular walls.
- Hormonal disorders that often occur with diseases of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland, and pituitary gland.
Reason for increase
Above you got acquainted with the normal indicators of pressure and pulse of a person by age. However, it should be noted that for some reason there may be an increase in the indicator. Hypertension, or arterial hypertension, is a chronic disease during which the pressure increases every day, regardless of the emotional state of the patient. In total, there are two types of this disease: primary, as well as secondary hypertension. Consider them separately.
Primary hypertension
Primary hypertension is a high blood pressure that occurs in almost all cases in those people who have problems with blood circulation. It is believed that the development of such primary hypertension will contribute tothe following factors:
- Hereditary predisposition.
- Age of the patient. As a rule, in patients over 40 years of age, the average parameter increases by about 3 mm every year.
- Bad habits, which include alcohol and smoking, which provoke vascular spasms, reduce the elasticity of arterial walls, and also increase the likelihood of a stroke.
- Wrong diet. In particular, this should include the abuse of s alt, coffee, and products that contain hydrogenated fats in their composition.
- Obesity. If the patient has a body mass index of more than 25, then he has an increased risk of developing primary hypertension.
- Poor physical activity. The fact is that the lack of regular physical activity reduces the adaptive ability of the human body to power and emotional stress.
- Insufficient sleep. The likelihood of developing hypertension will increase if you consistently sleep less than 6 hours a night.
- Excessive emotionality, as well as prolonged stress.
Secondary hypertension
This form of the disease occurs in 10% of patients, while it is the result of some common ailments. The most common causes of high blood pressure in secondary hypertension are:
- Pathologies of the renal arteriesor kidneys. These include atherosclerosis of the renal arteries, chronic glomerulonephritis, and fibromuscular dysplasia.
- Endocrine disorders eg hyperparathyroidism, pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly.
- Injury to the brain or spinal cord, such as during an injury or encephalitis.
In some cases, medications cause secondary hypertension, eg antidepressants, corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal contraceptives.
Elevation symptoms
And what will be the symptoms of abnormal pressure in a person by age? Women and men in this case may not notice any signs of hypertension for a long time. However, the condition of the heart, brain, kidneys, blood vessels and eyes gradually begins to deteriorate. Symptoms of arterial hypertension in the most advanced stages will look like this:
- Tinnitus.
- Headaches.
- Dizziness.
- Flies before the eyes.
- High heart rate.
- Numbness of fingers.
High blood pressure can be complicated by a hypertensive crisis, which is a very dangerous he alth condition, especially for the elderly. This disease is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, a sharp jump in pressure, dizziness, severe sweating, as well asheart failure.
Reason for decline
If the normal pressure in a person often changes to the smallest side by age, then it is customary to talk about hypotension. Also, this disease is often called arterial hypotension. What will be the parameters of hypotension? To what extent should there be deviations from the norm of pressure in a person by age? In men with hypotension, the indicator will be below 100/70, and in the fair sex it will be less than 95/60. It is also customary to distinguish between physiological and pathological hypotension.
This condition will be considered normal pressure in a person by age under one condition. If he has a genetic predisposition. In addition, a similar symptom will be considered an absolute norm for those people who live in high mountain areas. Representatives of certain professions with high physical exertion will also constantly experience low blood pressure. This should include athletes, ballerinas.
As a chronic disease, hypertension occurs in patients as a result of a pathological process in the body. In this case, hypertension will be secondary. As for primary hypotension, in this case it will act as an independent disease. What are the reasons for the deviation from the norm of pressure in an adult by age? These should include:
- Psycho-emotional overstrain, vulnerability.
- Neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypotonic type.
- Asthenic physique.
- Hypothyroidism.
- Mitral stenosis.
- Lack of B vitamins in the body.
- Iron deficiency anemia.
Hypotension symptoms
Most of the signs of hypertension are often confused with symptoms of fatigue, lack of sleep and nervous strain. Reduced blood pressure of a person by age will manifest itself in the following signs:
- Headache.
- Drowsiness, drowsiness, lethargy.
- Lack of energy after sleep.
- Frequent yawning.
The tendency to develop hypertension occurs in those people who are most sensitive to changes in atmospheric pressure, and are also prone to fainting.
Measurement rules
Now you know what pressure a person should have by age. However, it is necessary to learn how to measure this indicator correctly. At home, pressure measurement is carried out by the sound method using a semi-automatic, automatic or mechanical tonometer.
If you use a mechanical device, the principle of measurement will be to inflate air into a special compression cuff, after which you need to observe the sound intensity of the artery with a lightoscope.
As for the semi-automatic tonometer, it has a special screen where the parameters are displayed in numbers,this will manually inflate the compression cuff.
Automatic sphygmomanometers do not require any additional actions, because air is injected, as well as pressure measurement will occur after the device itself is turned on.
Before you start measuring pressure, you must follow some rules that will not differ depending on the use of one or another type of tonometer. These rules are as follows:
- Before the measurement procedure, in no case should you drink strong tea and coffee, smoke, or use vasoconstrictor drops.
- Be calm for 5 minutes before measuring.
- The procedure is performed in a sitting position, while the back should rest on the back of the chair, and the legs should be extended.
- The cuff is worn on the forearm in the place that is parallel to the heart. The other hand should be placed on the table, palm up.
The next measurement is taken after 3 minutes to confirm the first result.
