Mantoux vaccination often causes parents' concerns about how it will affect the child's he alth, whether there will be complications after vaccination.
First of all, parents need to know that the Mantoux test is mandatory. Without it, the child will not be taken to a preschool institution and will be forbidden to leave the country.
Besides this, caring parents are wondering: "What can not be eaten with Mantoux?" This article will give explanations to moms and dads about the nutrition of the child. Particular emphasis is placed on diversity in nutrition before and after vaccination. In order to find out what you can’t eat after Mantoux, you need to find out what happens in the child’s body after vaccination.
Important for he alth is the time of vaccination. So, vaccines against diseases inject at a certain age and with a fixed frequency. Therefore, when it is impossible to do Mantoux to a child, only the doctor knows.
Originally usyou need to understand what it is - Mantoux vaccination?
Mantoux vaccination: what is it
Mantoux vaccination is done annually to test children for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a terrible bacterial infection from which people die. Early diagnosis of the disease and timely treatment help to avoid death. The causative agent of tuberculosis is Koch's bacillus. Initially, the disease affects the lungs. In the early stages, tuberculosis is accompanied by a cough with strong sputum. In the later stages - coughing up blood and exhaustion of the body. The risk group includes people with weakened immune systems and HIV-infected people. The Mantoux test helps to understand whether there is a tuberculosis infection in the body or not.
Currently, there are two ways to introduce the Mantoux test into the body.
Injection drug one - tuberculin. The first method is the Perke method (the method is named after the doctor who invented it). In the Perquet method, the drug is injected into the patient's slightly damaged skin. The second method is the Mantoux method, in which the drug is injected under the skin. The method of administration does not affect the result in any way. The results are evaluated according to the same indicators.
He alth requirements
Tuberculosis prevention is regulated by public he alth standards and includes:
- Identification of the disease in the early stages. Children are vaccinated from one year to 17 years inclusive.
- Allergic test in any case is done once a year.
- Vaccination is notallowed at home and carried out only by medical personnel.
- Mantoux test before measles and diphtheria vaccinations.
- Mantoux test cannot be carried out in case of quarantine.
- Children must be examined before vaccination and assessed for their he alth.
- The minimum time interval between Mantoux vaccination and other preventive vaccinations should be one month.
Vaccination site
The place of vaccination is the treatment room of the kindergarten or nursery. This is the case if the child attends these institutions. If the child is at home, then the test is done in the children's clinic. Vaccination is always carried out according to the plan. Therefore, parents are always told about it in advance.
How the Mantoux vaccine is given
Vaccination is given by trained medical personnel according to the special program "Tuberculin Diagnosis". The first vaccination is given at the age of one year and further carried out in a year. The vaccination technology is as follows: it is done in the middle of the forearm from the inside with a special syringe. The dose of administration is 0.1 ml. After an injection, a “button” or swelling of the skin layer forms on the surface of the arm. After 40 minutes, the button disappears. On the second day, reddening of the skin and a compacted area are obtained at the vaccination site. This area is evaluated on the third day after vaccination with a ruler with millimeters.
What happens when you get vaccinated
The active ingredient in vaccination is an antigen - tuberculin, which is obtained from the bacterium tuberculosis. At the injection site, an accumulation of T-lymphocytes occurs (as a result - inflammation), which pull lymphocytes from other blood vessels to themselves. Far from all lymphocytes begin to work, but only those that had contact with Koch's wand. The inflamed part is larger if the body has been in contact with the TB bacterium.
How to prepare your child for vaccination
The preparation itself is a fairly easy undertaking. Preparation for vaccination usually begins three or four days before the day of vaccination. The first thing to do is to leave the usual routine of the day. In addition, it is not recommended to load the child's body. The second is to avoid contact with sick people. To do this, you must not go to visit, not ride public transport. Third, do not change the familiar climate.
You should know that Mantoux vaccination for children under one year old is not given due to the fact that the baby's immune system acts in a special way, so the result may be quite inaccurate.
Next, consider the question of what you can not eat with Mantoux.
How to eat properly when vaccinated with Mantoux
It must be recalled that Mantoux is a vaccination, that you can not eat the same products as with other preventive injections for diseases. At first glance, this question is simple, but it must be approached with great responsibility. Food must be complete. In our countryThere are special institutions where a balanced diet is given great attention. These are schools, sanatoriums and kindergartens. A district pediatrician will be able to advise on this issue.
To the question: “What can not be eaten with Mantoux?” there is no single answer. The emphasis is on balanced and he althy foods that are he althy.
What foods are not allowed with Mantoux
With good nutrition, it is necessary to exclude foods that can provoke allergies, namely:
- citrus fruits (oranges, tangerines, lemons, grapefruits, etc.);
- eggs (both raw and boiled);
- chocolate and its derivatives (sweets, pastes);
- fish products (including seafood);
- milk and dairy products;
- nuts (peanuts, hazelnuts);
- wheat.
What can not be eaten with Mantoux? Of course, these are the above allergenic products that cause edema that is dangerous to he alth.
Immediately before vaccination
On the day when the vaccine is given, it is obligatory to examine the child and assess his condition. Usually they check the throat and measure the temperature. The thermometer should read 36.6 oC. The doctor or nurse must make an entry in the child's medical history. When vaccination is carried out in a clinic, a medical worker asks parents in detail about the well-being and behavior of the child. If the Mantoux test is done at school or kindergarten, parents in writinggive their consent to the vaccination.
At the time of vaccination and immediately after it
At the time of vaccination, the patient must remain calm. An agitated child may twitch his arm, get hurt and misadminister the medication. Balance must also be maintained by the parents themselves, as their nervousness is transmitted to the child. After the injection, you do not need to immediately leave the clinic, it is better to sit in it or take a walk nearby on the street. If the reaction to the vaccine is alarming, you should immediately return to the doctor's office.
Evaluation of the result after injection
There is the following classification of Mantoux test reactions: negative, positive and questionable.
- Complete absence of compaction or reaction only from the injection is a negative reaction.
- When the size of the button itself is 2-4 mm or when the skin is red without induration, the reaction is called doubtful.
- A positive reaction is considered when compaction is 5 millimeters or more.
A positive reaction can be weakly positive (the size of the button itself is from 5 mm to 9 mm), a reaction of medium intensity (the size of the button itself is from 10 mm to 14 mm) and a pronounced reaction (the size of the button itself is from 15 mm to 16 mm). But even if an infection is detected, this does not mean that the child has tuberculosis.
The reason for this may be the BCG vaccination, which is done in the maternity hospital. After this injection, a tuberculosis stick interacts with tuberculin (a vaccine substance), resulting in a positivereaction.
If the result is positive (influencing factors should be excluded), additional diagnostics are always carried out: sputum culture, fluorography, as well as examination of all family members.
Children and adolescents are at risk of developing TB disease. Statistics show that 7-10% of children have symptoms of tuberculosis. Such children are observed in a tuberculosis dispensary, where they are initially given chemoprophylaxis. Three months later, the child is transferred under the supervision of a local doctor. After a year, the Mantoux test is repeated. If sensitivity disappears, then such children are observed as he althy. If the sensitivity increases, we can talk about an actively developing infection.
How to assess the risk of a positive test
A positive reaction does not 100% indicate the presence of the disease. However, there are risk factors to watch out for:
- vaccination sensitivity increases year by year;
- differences in readings compared to last year by 6 or more millimeters (this year the size is 16, last year it was 10);
- staying in places where tuberculosis infection is present in large numbers;
- contact (even temporary) with patients with this disease;
- the family has or had relatives who had tuberculosis.
There are two stages of tuberculosis:
- Latent stage.
- Active stage.
Dangerous are people who are in the active stage of the disease. Signs of activestages are considered: a fairly strong cough that lasts for three or more weeks; severe chest pain; viscous sputum with blood; increased weakness and fatigue; chills and fever; weight loss; loss of appetite.
In the latent form, a person is infected with tuberculosis, but is not contagious to others. In addition, this form proceeds without symptoms and the person does not suspect that he has an infection.
Patients who have been treated for two weeks are not dangerous to others.
In what cases do not vaccinate Mantoux
The answer to the question: “When can not Mantu be done to a child?” next:
- if the child is sick with various infectious diseases, both in acute form and in chronic form;
- if the child has skin diseases;
- if the child is in a team where there is a quarantine for childhood infections;
- if the child has allergies;
- if the child has asthma;
- if the child has epilepsy.
Mantoux test can be done only a month after the child's recovery. If you make it to a sick person, then it is impossible to get the true result. In such cases, additional studies are always prescribed in the form of x-rays or tomography.
If an adult is vaccinated, then the answer to the question of when Mantoux should not be given will be unambiguous: "For the same diseases as a child."
Rules of conduct after vaccination
Mantoux's result may be affectedimproper handling of the vaccine. Every adult should know what is impossible after Mantoux vaccination. After vaccination, the following actions are not allowed:
- Mantu cannot be processed with brilliant green;
- you can not scratch the place where the vaccine was given;
- you can not press the place too hard with clothes;
- Mantu should not be wetted with liquids: water, peroxide, alcohol;
- don't use adhesive tape.
Next, consider the answer to the question: "Have you made Mantu: what can not be eaten?"
Vaccination dietary restrictions
So, your child has been given a Mantoux. That you can’t eat foods that the child has not eaten before, doctors say at appointments in the hospital.
Besides, don't pay attention to poor appetite. This state will last two or three days, no more.
You should not give up drinking plenty of water. Especially in case of vomiting, diarrhea and fever.
If the temperature rises above 38.5 ºС, it is necessary to give an antipyretic drug. If the temperature is below the specified value, then the drug should not be given. The child's immune system fights off the infection.
After Mantoux, new foods not known to the child, as well as those foods that can cause an allergic reaction, should not be introduced into the diet. It must be remembered that Mantoux is a vaccine, that citrus fruits cannot be eaten. See the full product list above.
In addition to nutrition, you need to know that the post-vaccination period is important for the child. At this time, it is necessary to warn him against the occurrence of intestinalinfections and colds. You can not visit public places and take it with you on trips for two months after vaccination. Precautions do not depend on what the Mantoux reaction was.
What can't you eat? You can not eat allergenic foods (milk, nuts, chocolate, citrus fruits and fish), and new foods are recommended to be introduced a week after vaccination.
If parents have a question about what a child should not eat after Mantoux, then you should know that the cases of abstinence from food are the same as before vaccination.
After receiving the answer to the above questions, the conclusion is that in all cases, eating behavior should be the same.
