At a gynecologist's appointment, various infectious diseases in women are often diagnosed. For example, one of the most common problems of the weaker sex is ureaplasmosis. This disease is an inflammatory infection that occurs in the genitourinary system. It is provoked by special gram-negative bacteria. Various types of ureaplasma in medicine practically do not occur as independent ailments, they are often found together with mycoplasma and chlamydia.
Description of the disease
The body of any person is not at all sterile: millions of different microorganisms live on its mucous membranes, skin and intestines. Some of them benefit the body by participating in vital processes, others are neutral, and others can become dangerous if they multiply too actively. It is to such microorganisms that ureaplasma is referred. According to statistics, it is present in the body of 80% of women, without bringing any discomfort.
Varieties
How many types of ureaplasma are there? Today, 14 varieties of these bacteria are known, among which only 3 are capable oflead to the development of problems. Doctors distinguish several types of microorganisms that cause severe inflammation of the female appendages. What type of ureaplasma is dangerous? One of these varieties is called "urealiticum". A subspecies of this type of pathogen is ureaplasma parvum. And the list of pathogenic bacteria of this type is completed by Spice microorganisms.
However, experts do not share these concepts among themselves, because it is customary to fight these microbes using the same methods and similar medicines. All these bacteria are able to easily penetrate into the blood, on the mucous membranes. But most often, the genitals and urinary canals become the habitat of microorganisms of this type. As a rule, all types of ureaplasma are conditionally combined into one category called Species.
Causes of pathology
Adults become infected with ureaplasmosis, as a rule, through sexual contact, including oral-genital transmission. In addition, a vertical path is likely: from mother to child during intrauterine development. But getting this disease through household items is almost impossible.
Favorable soil for the reproduction of all kinds of ureaplasma in women, as well as the high rate of spread of bacteria in the genitourinary system, is based on several reasons:
- strong weakening of the immune system;
- abortion or childbearing;
- hormonal surges during menstruation;
- infectious pathologies of a chronic nature.
Is ureaplasma sexually transmitted? Independently, bacteria of this type do not lead to serious complications, but interacting with pathogens of other diseases, they can become a prerequisite for the development of various pathologies. Among other things, the causes of ureaplasma in women can be abortions and other invasive interventions, as well as too frequent change of sexual partners. Pathogenic bacteria are activated along with other microbes that enter the female organs during unprotected sex.
Classification of ureaplasmosis
The main criteria for determining this disease in women is the nature of the course and the form of the severity of the pathological condition. What kind of ureplasma is dangerous? Experts answer this question by talking about different forms of pathology.
- Carrier of ureaplasma. Many women who were tested positive for the bacteria showed no symptoms of inflammation.
- Acute form of ureaplasmosis. It is extremely rare, accompanied by a clear clinical picture in the form of problems in the genitourinary system and intoxication of the whole organism.
- Chronic variety of the disease. With this form, a woman is completely absent or partially manifests symptoms of acute inflammation. But at the same time, reproductive function failures, painful urination are likely.
Symptomatics
Usually, signs of ureaplasma are detected in the female body quite by accident, more precisely, during diagnosisother pathologies. In other cases, the symptoms of this disease are recognized without any problems.
- Yellow discharge with a specific odor indicates the presence of ureaplasma in the body. Normally, selections do not have any tint.
- Common symptoms of ureaplasmosis are sharp pains in the lower abdomen during sex and after the completion of the process.
- Pain syndrome for no reason can also be.
- If the infection occurred by the oral-genital route, then symptoms characteristic of common sore throat may appear: sore throat, plaque and inflammation of the tonsils.
- Increased urination that causes burning sensation and discomfort.
But even if the ureaplasma does not bring any pain, it should still be disposed of without fail. By contacting a specialist in time, you can prevent the development of pathology, avoid all sorts of complications, which include the chronic form of the disease.
Diagnosis
Identification of causative agents of ureaplasmosis is carried out by several methods. The patient must make a list of certain tests that will confirm or disprove the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the body. Specialists use several basic methods to detect ureaplasma in female organs.
- PCR analysis (polymerase chain reaction) is deservedly considered the most accurate way to detect not only this pathology, but also many other infectious diseases. If bacteria were detected using this technique, the diagnosis does not stop there. Only this method is not used to test the effectiveness of the treatment of urealiticum.
- Serology is also a good option for detecting harmful microbes. During such an examination, antibodies to bacteria are detected.
- Bacteriological culture is taken to determine the number of causative agents of ureaplasmosis.
- PIF and ELISA are the final methods for diagnosing this pathology.
How the test works
Anamnesis is collected according to the standard scheme. First of all, the gynecologist takes a smear for ureaplasma from the vagina, the cervical region or the mucous membrane of the urethra. Sometimes urine and blood are taken from the patient to detect the disease. A woman should take into account several important rules for preparing for testing:
- antibacterial medication should be stopped a few weeks before the scheduled date;
- if you have to take a urethral swab, doctors advise not to defecate for two hours before collection;
- if a woman is menstruating, doctors don't take tests;
- blood must be taken on an empty stomach only, otherwise the results may be erroneous;
- if urine is given, it is advisable to collect the liquid that has been inside for at least six hours.
How and what types of ureaplasma should be treated
It is worth saying that this infection is included in a group of diseases that are almost impossibleeliminate forever. After all, every woman is already born with a certain microflora that does not change throughout life. Treatment of ureaplasmosis is aimed at minimizing the number of parasites of a dangerous species, simply destroying most of these bacteria.
In other words, if a patient saw the name "ureaplasma" in any column of test results, this does not mean at all that it is necessary to engage in treatment. After all, as already mentioned, not all varieties of these bacteria are dangerous.
Medication regimen
Different types of drugs can be used to combat an unpleasant disease. The most effective groups of medicines (almost always used to get rid of pathology) are tablets and suppositories from ureaplasma. These drugs are conventionally divided into several categories:
- lincosamides, which include "Dalacin" and "Lincomycin";
- tetracyclides - "Tetracycline" and "Doxycycline";
- macrolides, the most common of which are "Sumamed", "Rulid" and "Erythromycin".
The whole treatment process with a confirmed diagnosis of "Ureplasmosis" is divided into 2 types: systemic therapy, including taking antibiotics and tablets, as well as local stabilization in the form of the use of vaginal suppositories. And you can achieve a really good result by resorting to a successful combination of these techniques. Among the drugs for women oftenassign:
- the most effective candles - "Genferon" and "Hexicon";
- drugs to strengthen the immune system - Timalin and Lysozyme.
The standard treatment regimen for developing ureaplasmosis consists of several stages.
- Specialist prescribes immunostimulating and antimicrobial medicines.
- The microflora of the vagina and intestines, injured by the disease, is stabilizing. To do this, the patient must take beneficial bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.
- All the while fighting ureaplasma, a woman should abstain from sexual activity.
- The doctor also determines topical therapy in the form of rectal and vaginal suppositories.
- At the end, a special diet is drawn up, which excludes fatty, fried, spicy foods, a lot of spices and alcoholic drinks.
By the way, unlike many other diseases, treatment in this case is completely independent of the causes of ureaplasma in women. The treatment regimen almost always remains unchanged.
Prevention
Measures to prevent the development of ureaplasma:
- refusing intimacy with casual partners;
- use of barrier methods of contraception;
- continuous support for immunity through hardening, taking vitamins and maintaining a he althy diet;
- treatment of a disease not only in a woman, but also in her sexual partner;
- intimate hygiene.
Probable Complications
With a long course of pathology in women, chronic inflammation in the appendages can occur, which can lead to infertility, premature birth and miscarriages. If the situation is aggravated by infection of the partner, he may also face reproductive problems.
Sometimes chronic inflammation, autoimmune and vascular processes in the walls of the uterus cause placental insufficiency. As a result, the normal development of the fetus is disrupted, the likelihood of anomalies.
