Many women know firsthand about such a disease as metrorrhagia. What is this disease, why does it occur, what are its symptoms and treatment methods? Let's talk about everything in order.
Metrorrhagia - what is it?
Only menstrual bleeding occurring in the female body is the norm, while all other bleeding from the genitals is usually attributed to pathologies. Metrorrhagia is a uterine bleeding of varying intensity and not associated with menstruation, characterized by acyclicity. This ailment can disturb both young women and those who are in old age.
Metrorrhagia: Causes
In most cases, the development of metrorrhagia occurs in the presence of diseases of the genital organs in the female body. So, it can be cervical polyps, submucosal fibromyoma, hormone-producing ovarian tumors, basal endometritis, cervical cancer or erosion, sarcoma, adenomyosis, chorionepithelioma and much more. In addition, metrorrhagia can occur with various complications of pregnancy (mole, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, etc.).
The source of bleeding in general are various pathological processes, accompanied by the formation of a wound surface, the subsequent destruction of the blood vessels of the walls of the uterus and the appearance of ulcers of various sizes and shapes on them. This process is facilitated by hypertension, heart disease, diseases of the lungs and endocrine system, as well as insufficient content in the female body of vitamin C, which gives strength and elasticity to the walls of blood vessels.
Dysfunctional bleeding
Metrorrhagia, which, as it turned out, can be of various causes, is divided into several types: dysfunctional, organic and obstetric.
Dysfunctional bleeding in gynecology occurs due to impaired secretion of ovarian hormones. Due to hormonal disorders, hyperplasia appears, which is the growth of the inner layer of the uterus - the endometrium. Over time, the hyperplastic endometrium is rejected, and it is this long process that is accompanied by arbitrary non-cyclic bleeding, lasting up to several weeks.
Provoking and even exacerbating dysfunctional metrorrhagia can be caused by physical overload, severe stress, taking certain medications, and climate change. With prolonged dysfunctional bleeding, anemia is likely to develop. Usually, women suffering from this condition feel constant sleepiness, increased fatigue and have a rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure and pale skin.
Organic bleeding
Organic metrorrhagia usually occurs against the background of gynecological ailments, as well as inflammatory diseases of the ovaries and uterus. Organic bleeding, varying in intensity and duration, may occur during the days of the menstrual cycle. A woman can recognize the pathology if she needs to change the pad or tampon frequently (every 30 minutes to 1 hour later).
Obstetric bleeding
Obstetrical metrorrhagia is associated with pregnancy and childbirth. The most common causes are spontaneous miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, premature abruption and placenta previa.
Uterine bleeding resulting from a miscarriage is accompanied by cramping pains localized in the lower abdomen. The blood at the same time has a bright red color, and the bleeding itself is quite intense.
Bleeding during ectopic pregnancy is accompanied by severe constant or paroxysmal pain in the lower abdomen. Metrorrhagia, the symptoms of which are numerous, is often accompanied by vomiting, nausea, cold sweat, and sometimes even fainting. Dark spotting is heterogeneous in consistency, with a significant amount of clots.
Bleeding in placenta previa can occur in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy. Placenta previa is an abnormal condition in which the placenta, due to being attached to the wall of the uterus very low, blocks the exit from it. Metrorrhagia in this case can occur even inabsolutely he althy pregnant woman. Bleeding no
accompanied by pain, but most often it is abundant, which poses a serious threat to the he alth of the fetus and woman.
Bleeding associated with placental abruption can be diagnosed in the 2nd half of pregnancy. Such metrorrhagia can contribute to severe stress, a blow to the stomach or excessive physical exertion. The intensity of bleeding varies.
Diagnosis
It is not enough just to know metrorrhagia - what it is, it is necessary to reliably establish the cause of its occurrence. To this end, a woman should undergo a gynecological examination, ultrasound of the pelvic organs, take a biochemical and general blood test.
Women of reproductive age undergo curettage of the cervical canal and uterine cavity with further histological examination of the scraping taken. This method will allow not only to diagnose the causes of bleeding, but also produce a therapeutic effect, since during the manipulation, blood clots and defective endometrium are removed.
Features of treatment
When diagnosed with metrorrhagia, treatment to stop bleeding and prevent future bleeding should be started immediately.
The termination of metrorrhagia is achieved with the help of diagnostic curettage of the uterus, as well as by the introduction of hormonal preparations, which include progesterone, androgens and estrogens. This operation is especially necessary for women with menopause, if they have not previously undergone curettage. This will help prevent uterine cancer.
Scraping in adolescence is carried out only in exceptional cases, when it is not possible to stop severe, life-threatening bleeding in other ways. In other cases, drugs are prescribed that stimulate uterine contractions, strengthen the walls of blood vessels, and hemostatic drugs, iron preparations, vitamins, and in some cases hormonal drugs.
If uterine bleeding is caused by organic diseases of the reproductive system, then the first step in the fight against metrorrhagia should be their treatment, which sometimes may consist of surgical removal of the uterus.
So, we have considered the features of such a disease as metrorrhagia. That this is a dangerous disease, there is no doubt. If you experience uterine bleeding that is not due to the onset of menstruation, regardless of the cause that gave rise to it, you should immediately visit a gynecologist.
