Cholecystitis is an inflammatory pathology of the gallbladder. Usually it is associated with the formation of stones in this organ. Stones contribute to blockage of the ducts. This can lead to rupture of the walls of the gallbladder and the development of acute inflammation of the abdominal cavity. How does the disease manifest itself and why does it occur? This article details the causes of an attack of cholecystitis, symptoms, home treatment.
Varieties of pathology
There are several types of inflammation in the gallbladder:
- Spicy. It is characterized by pronounced signs. The disease develops over several days.
- Chronic inflammatory process. It proceeds slowly, without pronounced manifestations. Often occurs as a result of the lack of adequate therapy for acute pathology.
In addition, there are these types of diseases:
- Cholecystitis calculus. It develops in the presence of stones and pus in the gallbladder, thickening of the walls.
- Catarrhal. It is manifested by a slight compaction of the tissues of the organ. It is not accompanied by a violation of the process of bile discharge or a change in its composition.
- Phlegmonous. It is manifested by a pronounced inflammatory process, an accumulation of pus. Poses a threat to the life of the patient and requires immediate assistance.
- Gangrenous. Accompanied by tissue death. Leads to rupture of the walls of the organ, the development of acute inflammation in the abdominal cavity.
How to eliminate an acute attack of cholecystitis, symptoms?
Treatment at home in some cases helps to get rid of the signs of the disease. But if the patient is in serious condition, he needs inpatient therapy and possibly surgery.
What factors contribute to the development of pathology?
The main causes of cholecystitis can be listed:
- Old age.
- Genetic predisposition.
- Wrong diet (abuse of desserts, fried, smoked, spicy and s alty foods). Getting rid of symptoms and treating an attack of cholecystitis at home involves following a diet and avoiding these foods.
- Prolonged fasting.
- Alcohol abuse, smoking.
- Inactivity.
- Violation of lipid metabolism.
What diseasescause inflammation?
In some cases, cholecystitis occurs in patients with the following pathologies:
- Duodenitis.
- Diabetes.
- Crohn's disease.
- Disorders of the small intestine.
- Gastrointestinal ulcer.
- Parasitic invasions (giardiasis).
- Intestinal infections.
- Celiac disease.
- Gallstones in the gallbladder.
- Pathologies of ENT organs (sinusitis, inflammation of the lungs, bronchi).
- Disturbances in the balance of microflora in the intestines.
- Inflammation of the appendix.
- Infections of the reproductive and urinary systems (cystitis, pyelonephritis, diseases of the ovaries, prostate).
- Allergic reactions.
- Congenital malformations of the gallbladder structure.
- Hormonal imbalance that occurs before critical days, during the period of bearing a child.
- Obesity.
When predisposed, eating disorders often lead to symptoms of an acute attack of cholecystitis. Treatment at home, first of all, should be aimed at eliminating discomfort and eliminating factors that contribute to the deterioration of the condition. Any errors in the diet can cause dangerous complications.
Why does a seizure happen?
Patients suffering from this disease often notice a sharp deterioration in their he alth after holidays, feasts. This is due to the following factors:
- Using bigquantities of alcoholic products.
- Passion for fatty, s alty, smoked and spicy foods, soda, desserts, fast food.
- Overeating.
- A set of excess kilograms due to the wrong diet.
As a result of these factors, the bile becomes too thick, an inflammatory process occurs in the tissues of the organ, and calculi are formed. The patient develops an acute attack of cholecystitis. Symptoms of home treatment suggest using drugs that help normalize the process of outflow of bile.
Signs indicating pathology
How to recognize the disease? In the event of an attack of acute cholecystitis, the following symptoms occur:
- Discomfort of a cutting or encircling nature in the right side, which often radiates to the shoulder and shoulder blade.
- Feeling sick.
- Bitter taste in the mouth.
- Chills.
- Feeling broken.
- Vomiting bile.
- Frequent burping.
- Heat temperature.
- Dry mouth.
- High heart rate.
- Increased gas formation.
For an attack of acute cholecystitis, a symptom is characteristic, which consists in increased pain in the right side, under the ribs, with pressure.
In some patients, the skin and the whites of the eyes turn yellow. Urine becomes dark, and feces become light. These signs indicate a violationbile outflow process.
Consequences of pathology
When symptoms of an acute attack of cholecystitis occur, treatment of the disease should be started as soon as possible. This disease can lead to dangerous complications that can lead to death. As the main consequences of pathology, experts list:
- Accumulation of pus, rupture of the walls of the organ, acute inflammation of the abdominal cavity.
- The appearance of an abscess.
- Occurrence of biliary fistulas.
- Acute inflammation of the pancreas.
- Mechanical jaundice.
The attack of pathology develops rapidly, is severe and lasts for a long time. You should not hope that the signs of the disease will disappear on their own. You need to call an ambulance. Prior to the arrival of medical workers, measures should be taken to alleviate the patient's condition.
First Aid Methods
Speaking about the features of an acute attack of cholecystitis, symptoms and treatment of pathology, it should be noted that the patient is forbidden to take any drugs. Analgesics can eliminate discomfort, however, they can prevent the doctor from making a correct diagnosis and prescribing adequate therapy. First aid methods should be strictly limited. First of all, you should help the patient to take a comfortable position. It is better if the patient lies on the right side. You can give a person a small amount of non-carbonated mineral water or boiled water or warm green tea. To ease the discomfort a little, it is recommended to place underrib cellophane ice bag.
What methods should not be used?
In the event of an attack of cholecystitis, symptoms, first aid should be provided very carefully, not to take radical measures. Drinks that are too hot or too cold should not be offered to the patient. It is forbidden to make warm compresses, put heating pads on a sore spot.
You can not do a person gastric lavage, enemas, give laxatives. If the patient is known to be suffering from chronic inflammation of the gallbladder and has experienced an exacerbation, an intramuscular injection of a spasm-relieving drug can be given and the symptoms of the pathology subside. However, this method is only permissible in a situation where the diagnosis was made by a doctor and the doctor recommended the medicine. Even if the condition improves, the patient should contact a medical facility.
Ways to deal with pathology
What to do if symptoms of an acute attack of cholecystitis occur? Treatment at home is, first of all, diet, bed rest. Proper nutrition helps to avoid repeated attacks and dangerous complications. The first two days you need to refrain from eating. The use of non-carbonated warm water is acceptable. In addition, symptoms can be reduced with the help of decoctions and infusions of medicinal plants. In folk medicine, corn stigmas, immortelle, oregano, calendula, chamomile are used.
However, before taking such drugs, it is necessaryconsult with a specialist. Herbal remedies are allowed to be used only in the absence of gallstones.
Diagnosis
To detect pathology, the following examinations are carried out:
- Analysis of biological material (blood, urine).
- Coprogram.
- Study of feces for antibodies to parasites.
- Ultrasound of the abdominal organs.
- X-ray.
- FGDS.
- Magnetic resonance and computed tomography.
- Endoultrasound.
Medicines
Therapy for inflammation of the gallbladder is the use of drugs. In severe cases, surgery is performed (removal of the affected organ).
When an attack of cholecystitis occurs, what symptoms can relieve discomfort? Experts recommend the following groups of medicines:
- Medicines that relieve spasm.
- Medications that reduce inflammation.
- Antibiotics.
- Medicines that ensure the normal functioning of the digestive tract.
- Enzymes.
- Drugs that improve the outflow of bile.
- Products containing lactobacilli.
In the event of an attack of cholecystitis, treatment should be prescribed by a specialist.
Basic dietary guidelines for patients
An important part of therapy is diet.
A patient diagnosed with inflammation of the gallbladder is allowed to consume the following foods:
- First courses based on milk or vegetablebroth.
- Lean meats, fish and poultry, baked or steamed.
- Egg white omelettes.
- Low-fat dairy products.
- Non-acid fruits and berries.
- Mild vegetables.
- Pasta, cereals.
- Biscuits, crackers, croutons.
- Jam from sweet fruits and berries.
- Greens (parsley, dill).
- Cinnamon and vanilla.
- Dried fruit, marmalade, candies without cocoa and chocolate.
Patients should not consume:
- Fried, spicy, s alty, pickled, sour and fatty foods.
- Sauces (mayonnaise, adjika, ketchup, mustard).
- High lipid dairy products.
- Mushrooms.
- Egg yolks.
- Beans, peas.
- Coffee, chocolate, cocoa, sparkling water.
- Alcohol-containing products.
- Confectionery, sweet pastries.
- Vegetables, herbs, fruits and berries with a spicy and sour taste.
How to prevent an attack?
Preventive measures include:
- Following the recommendations of a specialist.
- Proper diet, taking prescribed medications.
- Timely treatment of pathologies of the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, parasitic invasions, allergic reactions.
- Moderate physical activity.
- Complete refusal to use alcohol-containing products, smoking.
We hope this article will help you recognize the disease in time andseek help from a specialist.
