The latest advances in medicine allow timely diagnosis and treatment of diseases that previously seemed serious and dangerous ailments. However, despite the fact that oncological diseases still remain an urgent problem. Statistics show that every year about 7 million people in the world die from malignant processes occurring in the body (of which about 300 thousand people are residents of Russia).
Cancer doesn't happen for no reason. Certain factors that negatively affect the human body lead to their development. What causes cancer? What types of preventive measures can help? What is the cancer prevention clinic (Ufa, Avrora, 6)? These questions are worth seeking out.
List of risk factors
Oncological diseases can develop due to hereditary predisposition, but most often the true cause is environmental exposure, poor lifestyle. Factors that increase the chance of getting cancer include:
- smoking;
- infections;
- malnutrition, obesity, lack of physical activity;
- ultraviolet radiation;
- hormonal and reproductive factors;
- pollution and exposure to negative factors at work.
Each of the above factors should be considered in detail, because the prevention of cancer depends on them.
Smoking
One of the main problems of modern society is smoking. Statistics show that about 1.3 billion people around the world smoke tobacco. It is carcinogenic, because it contains a wide range of harmful substances. Among them is nicotine, which, in addition to the negative impact, is addictive to cigarettes and forms addiction. The substances contained in tobacco have a negative effect on the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, lungs, because the smoke passes through these structures.
Smoking also affects other internal organs. The fact is that substances, when they enter the lungs, penetrate through the walls into the blood and are carried throughout the body. As a result of this, the liver, stomach, and kidneys suffer. That is why cancer prevention should include smoking cessation.
Non-smokers who are exposed to tobacco smoke are also more likely to develop cancer. Statistics show that every year just over 20,000 people die from lung cancer, which they develop due to passive smoking. Also worthIt should be noted that both electronic cigarettes and lozenges designed to get rid of nicotine addiction cause cancer. Studies have shown that they contain carcinogens, toxic chemicals harmful to the human body. Cancer of the mouth, esophagus, and pancreas can develop from electronic cigarettes and lozenges.
Infections
Previously, infections were not considered among the causes of cancer. Experts thought that they had nothing to do with cancer. Modern research has refuted this view. It turned out that about 16% of cases (of all cancers) are associated with infections. Now the prevention of cancer includes the fight against them. Can lead to cancer:
- hepatitis B and C viruses (they often cause liver cancer);
- human papillomavirus (chronic infection causes cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, anal canal, penis);
- Helicobacter pylori (this bacterium lives in the stomach, provokes the development of ulcers in this organ, leads to cancer in the absence of adequate treatment).
The listed infections most often cause oncological diseases. Less common microorganisms, non-cellular infectious agents, can still provoke cancer. An example is the Epstein-Barr virus, a herpesvirus that is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma.
Unhe althy diet, obesity and physical inactivity
Modern research has shown that toCancer can be caused by malnutrition. Canned foods that are sold in stores, chips contain harmful substances that affect the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. The likelihood of developing cancer is affected by diet, lifestyle. A particularly high risk of cancer is associated with alcohol. When abused, it affects the walls of the digestive system, provokes gastritis, ulcers.
Obesity is considered a serious problem of our time. Due to extra pounds, a complex metabolic disorder occurs. Obese people suffer from gallbladder diseases, hypertension, angina pectoris, and early atherosclerosis. The lack of prevention of cancer, which consists in the fight against extra pounds, leads to malignant diseases, decreased performance and disability.
All experts say that movement is life. Insufficient physical activity leads to serious he alth problems, provokes obesity. That is why this lifestyle is considered a risk factor. In some countries, its influence is confirmed by statistical information. Due to lack of physical activity, colon cancer occurs in 5% of cases in Estonia, 10% in Canada, 15% in Brazil, about 20% and even more in M alta.
UV radiation
Periodically in different regions of the country a ten-day campaign is held to prevent cancer. This event raises public awareness. People are informed aboutvarious risk factors, including ultraviolet radiation, which increases the likelihood of developing malignant neoplasms.
The main source of radiation is the sun. Some people who spend a lot of time outdoors, do not use sunscreen, special umbrellas and glasses, are faced with melanoma. This is a dangerous malignant tumor. It is on the skin. In rare cases, it is found on the mucous membranes, the retina of the eye. Skin melanoma progresses very quickly due to the weak response of the body, metastasizes to all organs by the hematogenous or lymphogenous route.
Cancer Prevention Sanitary Bulletin is an illustrated he alth education newspaper that can be seen in many medical institutions. Often it contains information that the danger is not only the sun. Many people deliberately expose themselves to artificial ultraviolet radiation in beauty salons to get a tan. It poses an even greater danger to the human body. Artificial radiation is 10-15 times stronger than the sun.
When writing any he alth bulletin "Cancer Prevention" and talking about ultraviolet radiation, it should be noted that hereditary characteristics play an important role in the development of malignant processes. Most often, people with fair skin, blond hair, green or blue eyes, and numerous moles on their bodies face cancer. Dark-skinned individuals have a low incidence of melanoma.
Hormonal and reproductive factors
Several decades ago, girls began menstruating quite late by today's standards. Currently, there is a downward trend in age. As an example, let's take 2 countries - the USA and Norway. There is evidence that at the beginning of the last century in the United States of America, menstruation began at about 14.3 years, and in Norway at 14.6 years. There was already a decline in the 60s and 70s. In the first country, the age of onset of menstruation was 12.5 years, and in the second it was 13.2 years.
The above is explained by the improvement in the quality of life, proper hygiene. Decreasing age is considered normal, but not safe, because it increases the number of years during which breast tissue is exposed to high levels of estrogen. As a result, the likelihood of developing cancer in the future increases.
Oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy have a negative effect on the body. A person has not yet fully studied the influence of hormones, so interference with the processes regulated by the body often leads to unexpected consequences. There are also factors that reduce the risk of developing breast cancer:
- when giving birth before age 30;
- when breastfeeding (every year of breastfeeding reduces the chance by 4.3%).
But the birth of a child after 30 years increases the likelihood of breast cancer by 2 times. This is often said by experts when it is carried out withconversation with patients. Cancer prevention should include earlier pregnancy planning.
Environmental pollution and exposure to negative factors at work
People themselves increase the likelihood of developing cancer when they pollute the environment with industrial emissions, household waste. In large cities, the atmospheric air is polluted with exhaust gases. Residents of such settlements may face lung cancer. Malignant diseases of the skin, bladder are possible due to the use of drinking water with a high content of arsenic. Such a situation with water was found in some states of South and Central Africa, the People's Republic of China.
The likelihood of developing cancer in people working in hazardous industries increases. Here are some examples of carcinogens:
- Wood dust is considered harmful in the woodworking industry. It has a negative effect on the nasal cavity.
- Workers are exposed to 4-aminobiphenyl in rubber production. It affects the functioning of the bladder.
- Beryllium used in the aerospace industry and its compounds affect the lungs.
- Asbestos, used in insulation, fire protection, friction products, causes lung cancer. It is also the sole cause of the development of malignant mesothelioma. The term refers to a rare and deadly disease.
Preventive measures to fight cancer
The likelihood of developing a malignant process is reduced if cancer prevention is carried out. A memo for people, which is compiled according to the recommendations of the World He alth Organization, includes the following steps:
- avoid all risk factors listed above;
- vaccinate against infections, consult a doctor in a timely manner if suspicious symptoms occur;
- control dangerous and harmful factors at the place of work;
- spend less time in the sun, use protective equipment (glasses, umbrellas, hats).
Early detection of malignant diseases is also very important. Thanks to a timely diagnosis, people are cured of cancer. There are 2 ways of early detection. The first one is early detection. If you experience the first suspicious symptoms, you should consult a doctor. It is much easier to treat the disease at an early stage.
The second way to detect cancer early is screening. This term refers to systematic testing in asymptomatic populations. The purpose of screening is to identify individuals who are starting cancer but are not yet showing any symptoms.
Nutrition for cancer prevention
Diet plays an important role in cancer prevention. The quality of products, their balance, the absence of food containing carcinogenic substances in the diet are the main components of oncology prevention. Experts advise developing a cancer prevention plan, eating less fat and eating more fruits and vegetables:
- You can add legumes to your diet. They contain a large amount of complete protein in their composition. It includes all essential and non-essential amino acids, is close in composition to the protein of milk and meat. Legumes are useful, but it is worth remembering that they are heavy foods (they stay in the digestive tract for a long time, cause increased gas formation).
- Orange and yellow-green fruits and vegetables deserve special attention (carrots, tomatoes, peppers, pumpkins, apricots, peaches - the use of all these products should include the prevention of cancer). Booklets compiled by nutrition experts contain information that the listed vegetables and fruits contain a variety of carotenoids. These are anticarcinogenic substances that reduce the risk of cancer.
- Green leafy vegetables (celery, dill, basil, parsley) and edible seaweed are very he althy. They contain the pigment chlorophyll. It reduces the overall oncological risk, prevents the development of cancer of the lung, rectum and colon, esophagus, stomach, oral cavity, pharynx, kidneys, bladder.
- Cruciferous vegetables (cabbage, radish) have a positive effect on the body. They are rich in sulfur compounds, glucosinolates, which prevent the emergence and development of tumor processes.
The diet should also include other foods withanti-carcinogenic substances when cancer prevention is carried out. The leaflet below contains a list of such substances and foods.
| Anticarcinogens | Products |
| Vitamin A | milk, butter, eggs, liver, fish oil |
| B vitamins | dairy, eggs, fish, grains, nuts, grapes, lemons |
| Vitamin E | seeds, vegetable oils, nuts |
| Potassium | bran cereals, dried fruits, bananas, potatoes, nuts |
| Iodine | seaweed, sea fish, other seafood |
| Magnesium | bran cereals, cereals, raisins, nuts |
| Methylxanthines | cocoa, coffee, tea |
| Phytosterols | figs, rose hips, coriander, soybeans |
| Organic acids | honey, citrus fruits, berries, asparagus, rhubarb |
Nutrition during cancer treatment
People who are being treated for cancer face nutritional challenges. Very often, due to chemotherapy and drugs, appetite is disturbed, strange tastes in the mouth occur. Here are some tips for sick people who are thinking about what nutrition should be for the treatment and prevention of cancer:
- If you have a poor appetite, try to eat little but often. Remember that in the morning, well-being, as a rule, improves. Try this timeeat well.
- When your taste changes, do not give up food, because food is necessary. Experiment with sweet, bitter, s alty, sour foods and choose the ones you like best. If you have a metallic taste in your mouth, use silver or plastic utensils.
- When dry mouth, eat food with various dressings, sauces. It will be easier for you to eat such dishes.
Cancer Prevention Clinic (Ufa)
Almost all diseases are preventable. That is why modern medical institutions provide services for the prevention of various ailments, including cancer. One of these clinics is located in Ufa. It has existed since 2001. Previously, it was a cancer prevention clinic (Ufa). It was created as part of the anti-cancer program. This clinic became the first medical institution in Russia, which carried out the prevention of cancer. Ufa today can already boast of a huge IMC "Preventive Medicine" - a multidisciplinary medical center that has grown out of a clinic. It provides a variety of medical services in a wide range of areas.
Summarizing, it is worth noting that cancer is the common name for a huge group of diseases. The disease can affect absolutely any part of the body, any internal organ. Cancer develops from a single cell that is exposed to negative factors. Its change is very dangerous, because all processes in the body are disrupted. Every year from cancer that strucklungs, stomach, liver, large intestine, mammary glands, a huge number of people die. To avoid death, timely attention should be paid to the prevention of this disease. Cancer prevention clinic in Ufa, medical centers in other Russian cities can help develop preventive measures.
