Ovarian cyst - a neoplasm with liquid contents inside. It is located on the organ itself or inside it. Basically, the formation and development of the cyst is completely asymptomatic. It is often discovered by chance during a routine gynecological examination.
However, such a neoplasm should be a reason to contact a gynecologist, since the consequences of a ruptured ovarian cyst can be very serious and require urgent intervention.
Reasons
There can be a variety of reasons for a ruptured ovarian cyst. The consequences of such a problem cause serious inconvenience, so women with such a neoplasm need to undergo timely treatment and observation by a doctor. It should be noted that not all types of cysts can undergo rupture. There are some kind of functional neoplasms that form and pass completely asymptomatically and often unnoticed by the woman herself. However, if the cyst is actively progressing and growing rapidly, then there is a rather high risk of rupture. It could becaused by factors such as:
- thinning of the follicle shell;
- hormonal disorders in the body;
- blood clotting pathologies;
- strong physical exertion;
- too active intercourse.
If the shell bursts, the entire contents of the cystic formation penetrates into the abdominal cavity. As a result, there may be infection of the organs. Inflammation of the peritoneum poses a very serious threat to the he alth and life of a woman. Therefore, when the first signs appear, you should consult a doctor to confirm the diagnosis and get medical help or rule out the presence of a problem.
Main symptoms
The consequences of a ruptured ovarian cyst can be very dangerous. Symptoms are important to recognize in a timely manner to prevent severe blood loss and infection. The appearance and growth of a cystic formation is mostly unnoticed by a woman, since she does not experience any signs associated with this condition. Nevertheless, it is simply impossible not to notice the rupture of the cyst, since it is always accompanied by rather intense pains localized in the lower abdomen.
Soreness may vary, it all depends on the type of growth. In particular, if a follicular cyst bursts, then this is always accompanied by aching pains localized on the left or right side, which can radiate to the anus. Other signs include headache and fever.
Stronger symptomsmanifests itself in the case of rupture of the luteal cystic neoplasm. In this case, a woman has a rather intense acute pain, localized in the lower abdomen, which subsides somewhat at rest, but intensifies during intercourse. In addition, the woman is worried about headache, nausea.
The most acute pain occurs when a non-functional cyst ruptures. Additionally, it is accompanied by dizziness and nausea. The woman may even lose consciousness. In addition, a rise in temperature is a clear sign.
Besides this, there may be other symptoms of a ruptured ovarian cyst, the consequences of which are quite dangerous. Signs of neoplasm rupture include:
- general malaise and severe weakness;
- pale skin;
- violation of stool, urination;
- uterine bleeding;
- a sharp drop in pressure.
Rupture of a cyst of the right ovary occurs much more often than the left. This is due to the fact that the right gland is much better supplied with blood. An artery goes to it directly from the aorta. You can see the symptoms of a ruptured ovarian cyst in the photo. The treatment and consequences of such a problem depend on the individual characteristics of the woman, it all depends on the complexity of the damage.
Diagnostics
Doctors can suspect the presence of an ovarian rupture after conducting a survey and examining the patient. Differential diagnosis with other acute surgical pathologies is possible only after laboratory, instrumental and hardwarestudies, such as:
- gynecological examination;
- ultrasound diagnostics;
- laparoscopy;
- puncture of the fornix;
- blood test.
Gynecological examination reveals pulsation of blood vessels in the area of the vaginal fornix, pain and swelling of the posterior fornix, if the bleeding was intense. Ultrasound diagnostics shows the presence of fluid in the abdominal space. The puncture makes it possible to obtain serous contents or blood for analysis. It also indicates a break. Blood tests can detect anemia and leukocytosis.
With the help of tomography, it is determined whether there is a cyst on the ovary, or is it other neoplasms in the peritoneum. You may also need to consult an endocrinologist. This is usually necessary if there are suspicions of the course of hormonal disorders. Laparoscopy will help to finally determine the diagnosis.
Features of treatment
It is imperative to treat a ruptured ovarian cyst, the consequences of which must be eliminated immediately. An operation is required. Very rarely, doctors are limited to taking medications, in particular anti-inflammatory, hormonal drugs and vitamin complexes. Such a scheme of therapy is only suitable for eliminating the dangerous consequences of a burst follicular cyst. The consequences of rupture of other types of cystic formation are eliminated only by surgery.
Laparotomy is often performed. ita minimally invasive operation that requires the use of general anesthesia. This procedure makes it possible to reduce the likelihood of injury to adjacent tissues and the surface of the appendage, and also allows you to then study the consequences and symptoms of a ruptured ovarian cyst. Treatment in this case is selected separately for each patient and implies an integrated approach.
If a woman does not immediately go to the hospital when the first signs of a rupture appear, then the pathology can harm organs and systems. In this case, the need to remove the affected ovary is not excluded. If the gynecologist considers that the operation is a required measure, then he must definitely acquaint the woman with the type and extent of this procedure.
Even in the case of drug therapy, it is imperative to eliminate the fluid that has penetrated into the peritoneal area. If this is not done, the contents can provoke intoxication of the body and lead to infection of the tissues and organs of the genitourinary system.
This situation is very dangerous, as the complications provoked by it can lead to difficult consequences and the death of a woman. Therefore, it is important to quickly decide on the need to eliminate the liquid. The doctor can remove it during the elimination of the remnants of the cystic formation. Sometimes it is enough to use only drugs in the form of tablets or droppers.
After surgery or during drug therapy, be sure to strictly follow all the doctor's instructions and followwith your well-being. If you experience the slightest signs of illness or if you feel worse, you should immediately call an ambulance or consult a gynecologist.
There are cases when the operation is strictly contraindicated for the patient. Among the main reasons for this should be highlighted:
- diseases of the heart and blood vessels;
- kidney disease;
- presence of acute infections;
- severe anemia.
In this case, drug therapy is carried out, and only after that an operation is prescribed. The treatment of such a neoplasm will help to avoid the consequences of a ruptured ovarian cyst, but it is important to carry it out in a timely and comprehensive manner.
Operating
The most effective method of treatment will be surgery. This technique is considered the most reliable way to prevent serious consequences. Doctors prefer laparoscopy. The tactics of the operation may vary somewhat, but it consists of several mandatory steps.
Initially, the doctor stops the bleeding. Basically, for this purpose, bleeding areas are cauterized or damaged vessels are tied up. Then you need to restore the integrity of the ovary. The decision as to whether the gland can be completely preserved is made by the doctor after a visual examination. If the surgeon decides that the ovary can be saved, then he opens the gland, removes the pathological contents of the cystic neoplasm, and then sutures the incision.
If the damaged areatoo large, the surgeon may prescribe an ovarian resection, that is, the removal of the damaged area of the organ. The rest of the gland is sutured. If irreversible processes occur in the ovary that do not allow saving this organ, then it is completely removed.
After this, the removal of the remaining blood that enters the abdominal cavity after the rupture of the ovary is required. If this is not done, then it can provoke the formation of adhesions. To avoid such unpleasant consequences, the doctor washes all tissues adjacent to the ovaries.
Recovery after surgery takes approximately 7-10 days. After that, the woman can return to normal life again.
Consequences
Noticing the signs of this serious condition, you need to urgently call a doctor, since the consequences of rupture of an ovarian cyst can be expressed in the occurrence of hemorrhagic shock, which develops due to severe blood loss. Without qualified timely assistance, a woman can simply die. Only surgery can help in this case.
However, even in the case of a successful intervention, it cannot be argued that a woman's he alth is completely safe. The consequences of a ruptured ovarian cyst may appear as:
- adhesions;
- ectopic pregnancy;
- infertility;
- relapse.
If during the operation the specialist did not remove all the blood from the abdominal cavity, then adhesions may form from its remnants over time. This makes it very difficult for a woman to get pregnant. It's all aboutfallopian tubes, which change their location due to the course of the pathological process.
An ectopic pregnancy occurs because the egg cannot pass through the tube, and therefore does not reach the uterus. The consequence of a ruptured ovarian cyst may be infertility, as the loss of this organ provokes many complications.
If the treatment was performed poorly, then the woman may develop a relapse, which threatens the formation of adhesions or inflammation in the peritoneum.
Rupture of a cyst during pregnancy
Often, neoplasms on the gonads form and burst during childbearing. In women during this period, an endometrioid cyst or cystadenoma is mainly formed.
Tumor endometrioid formation contains a thick bloody brownish fluid and it appears when the hormonal background is disturbed. The cystadenoma is filled with mucus and grows to about 12 cm in diameter. Accompanied by constant intense pain, which is sometimes simply impossible to endure.
If an ovarian cyst bursts, the consequences of the rupture for a pregnant woman can be very serious, as the ruptured tumor leads to the filling of the abdominal cavity with blood, which causes serious harm to he alth. That is why the neoplasm that has arisen must be removed immediately, regardless of the gestation period.
Rupture of a follicular cyst
When the structure of such a neoplasm is disturbed,pronounced and distressing symptoms. The consequences of rupture of the follicular ovarian cyst are quite serious and dangerous. The woman immediately experiences severe paroxysmal pain and may even lose consciousness. Pathology is accompanied by nausea, dizziness, blue or blanching of the skin.
The follicular cyst bursts mainly due to increased physical activity, pregnancy, and excessive sexual contact. The consequences of rupture of the cyst of the right ovary can be expressed in the form of infertility, anemia, peritonitis. In addition, adhesions form in the peritoneum and pelvic tissues.
For treatment, drugs are used that help normalize the concentration of sex hormones.
Rupture of an endometrioid cyst
If such a neoplasm bursts, it provokes very severe pain, disruption of the functioning of the digestive organs, and vomiting. The woman may even temporarily lose consciousness.
The consequences of rupture of the endometrioid ovarian cyst can be expressed in the formation of adhesions in the peritoneum. Since such a neoplasm does not react at all to the use of hormonal drugs, the tumor must be removed immediately after its detection. If the operation is not carried out in a timely manner, then the rupture of the cyst can occur at any time.
Rupture of a corpus luteum cyst
Such a neoplasm has a rather elastic and dense shell, therefore, when it breaks, a very strong and unbearable pain occurs, resembling a blow with a red-hotitem.
The woman feels very weak, she may lose consciousness. The state of he alth changes very quickly, from drowsiness and apathy to agitation and even a state of devastation. A neoplasm can burst when making sudden movements, active sexual intercourse, or abdominal trauma.
When a corpus luteum ruptures, the consequences are not so dangerous. The doctor selects the treatment separately, depending on the volume of blood loss and the general well-being of the patient.
Prevention
Since the consequences of a ruptured cyst of the left ovary can be very serious and dangerous, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures that will prevent the occurrence of a problem. That is why all women at risk must definitely:
- regularly visit the gynecologist for preventive examination;
- timely detect and treat inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system;
- if a cyst is found, strictly follow all the doctor's recommendations;
- remove neoplasm if necessary;
- plan pregnancy.
At the slightest suspicion of a ruptured cyst, you should definitely seek medical help.
Prognosis of cyst rupture is generally favorable if the woman consults a doctor in a timely manner. In this case, it will be possible to avoid serious consequences. After complex treatment, it is quite possible to plan a pregnancy.
The most important thing is to strictly observe preventive measures and prevent the occurrence of inflammatory processes.
