Pathology of the genitourinary system with the appearance of neoplasms that are filled with fluid and glandular cells is called an ovarian cyst. What is this disease? Such a disease appears in a teenage girl often in the period from 12 to 15 years. It almost always occurs during the onset of menstruation. This phenomenon cannot be ignored, it is necessary to start treatment. How is the treatment of this disease, you will learn in this article.
How does a cystic neoplasm occur?
During menstruation, the follicle where the egg develops increases in size and fills with fluid. In the very middle of the cycle, degradation overcomes it, the ovum is released and a yellow body is formed. And when this does not happen, then the girl develops formations that resemble bubbles, leading to a cyst.
The development of a whale's ovary can be likevirgins, and a girl who is sexually active. As for a benign cyst, it can resolve itself in just two months, without any effect on the body at all.
Reasons
The main reason for the appearance of such a pathology is puberty with hormonal changes, which are accompanied by pain. It may also appear due to the following factors:
- individual structural features of organs;
- diseases of the reproductive system;
- hormonal failure;
- problems in the functioning of the thyroid gland;
- early onset of period or irregular cycle;
- stress situations;
- hereditary predisposition;
- excessive loads.
Symptoms
An ovarian cyst is a benign neoplasm consisting of glandular cells and fluid, the appearance of which can occur either outside the ovary itself or inside it. A cyst occurs in the reproductive age, from the moment the girl has her first menstruation. Since it is at this time that hormonal disruptions may occur in the body of a teenager due to its restructuring, which causes the appearance of a neoplasm.
As a rule, the formation of a cyst on the ovary is not felt in any way by a teenage girl, so the process of identifying it is rather difficult. It is for this reason that doctors recommend checking the pelvic organs with an ultrasound scan from time to time. Suchthe study will help identify the neoplasm that has arisen in a teenager.
In more advanced cases, when the size of the neoplasm has reached a decent size, the following symptoms of an ovarian cyst in a teenage girl may appear:
- aching pain in the lower abdomen, which can occur with blood clots from the vagina outside of menstruation;
- nagging abdominal pain after exercise;
- failure of the menstrual cycle and painful passage;
- discomfort during urination;
- increased body temperature;
- the occurrence of frequent fatigue;
- failure to defecate.
Diagnosis
The first thing that should alert a girl or her parents is that a teenager has strong, heavy periods, when you have to change pads approximately every hour or two. Strong painful manifestations are also observed during this period. But this is not a reliable diagnostic method, the reason for this is the age of the girl, because adolescents may not immediately have their periods. Therefore, it is not always possible to track what is allocated these days. But if you were able to determine the pathology, then you should immediately contact a pediatric gynecologist for advice.
Initially, the diagnosis consists of an examination by a gynecologist. The pelvic organs will be palpated for any lumps. If during the examination painful sensations appear, then this indicates that the cyst is large. One of the most common diagnostic methods is a painlessultrasound examination of the pelvic organs in a teenager. The patient needs to visit the ultrasound procedure, and with the help of it it will be easy to identify the neoplasm. Also, ultrasound will show what shape, nature and dimensions of the seal, which is very important.
Ultrasound examination in adolescent girls who do not live sexually is carried out only abdominally (superficially through the abdominal wall), and only in extreme cases, if it is difficult to view abdominally, they can look transrectal (through the rectum). As soon as the cyst is identified, observation and treatment will be prescribed, and it comes in two varieties. Everything will depend on the severity of the disease. Treatment can be either medical or surgical. With such a phenomenon, it cannot be ignored.
Types of cysts
For teenage girls at such a young age, only follicular and hemorrhagic cysts can be characteristic.
- Follicular ovarian cyst in a 14-year-old teenage girl. With this type of cyst, menstruation is always very painful, prolonged, often irregular and profuse. Also, 20% of adolescents with such a cyst have juvenile uterine bleeding.
- Hemorrhagic cysts. Characterized by frequent aching pain in the lower abdomen at the end of the menstrual cycle and general malaise.
Also distinguish these types of ovarian cysts in a teenage girl at 16:
- Cyst of the corpus luteum. The appearance of water with bloody impurities in the corpus luteum, whichlined with luteal cells. Hypothermia, the use of aspirin-containing medicines and excessive physiological activity can induce the onset of the disease.
- Mucinous. Looks like a follicle. There is a strong secretion of mucus.
- Double-sided. Two ovaries are damaged, leading to polycystic disease.
Treatment
Often, doctors prescribe treatment only when an active growth of the neoplasm has been detected. For example, a follicular ovarian cyst in a girl in adolescence can resolve itself after several menstrual cycles. When drug treatment is still necessary, the specialist will select the medication, taking into account age, whether there are chronic diseases and other personal characteristics of the teenager's body.
The goal of treating an ovarian cyst in a teenage girl is not only to completely get rid of the formation, but also to preserve reproductive functions and improve the functioning of the ovaries. Doctors often use hormonal drugs, but sometimes use birth control pills to stop the growth of the cyst. The treatment time for adolescents takes about three months. Treatment of the ovary should be strictly under the supervision of a specialist. Also, the patient must comply with bed rest, taking anti-inflammatory drugs and vitamins.
Cyst operation
Surgery to remove the cyst should be done through laparoscopy and laparotomy. If the disease will be complicated, then it is possibleDestination:
- cystectomy (a neoplasm near the ovary is removed to preserve he althy tissue);
- ovariectomy (the cyst is removed along with the ovary);
- adnexectomy (appendages are removed completely, such removal is prescribed only in exceptional situations).
Surgical removal is not so common, but laparoscopy is often used, and it allows you to save reproductive function.
Possible Complications
If such a phenomenon is not treated, it is fraught with a number of pathologies, and they can lead to death. That is why this phenomenon simply needs to be treated. At least twice a year it is necessary to visit a gynecologist. There are also such complications:
- The cyst is suppurating. As a result, the structure changes, the volume of accumulated liquid increases.
- Malignancy, as a result of which the neoplasm increases in size, and this provokes pressure on nearby organs.
- The appearance of adhesions, which in the future is fraught with infertility.
- Torsion of the legs of the neoplasm. All this happens together with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, pain in the lower abdomen, which do not go away even after taking painkillers.
- Rupture of the cyst. In case of ejection of accumulated fluid in the cyst, peritonitis may occur.
Symptoms are pronounced: sharp painsensations around the ovaries, increased body temperature, profuse vomiting, fainting.
Prevention
To prevent such a disease, there are no preventive measures. In order for the girl not to have an ovarian cyst, her parents should simply monitor the menstrual cycle, the girl should not have stress, her condition should be calm, and there should not be much physical exertion. A gynecologist must be visited twice a year, no less. The mother should have conversations with the girl about sexual life, the girl should know that if during intercourse she has pain symptoms, then this is not at all good. You also need to limit the girl from the solarium or bad habits. If you follow all of the above, then the likelihood that the girl will have an ovarian cyst will noticeably decrease. That is why parents should be very careful and monitor the he alth of their child.
Consequences of cysts
In adolescent girls, an ovarian cyst occurs as often as in women, and doctors say that this pathology does not choose a victim by age at all. Most often, patients aged 12 to 15 years old come to the gynecologist with such a problem, and the cyst was localized in such patients in the right ovary.
What are the consequences of the appearance of an ovarian cyst in a girl in her teens?
In the absence of proper treatment, this pathology can lead to various complications, primarilyturn to serious malfunctions of the ovaries. You should not hope that a cyst that has appeared in one of the ovaries will pass by itself, you need to consult a doctor in a timely manner, otherwise the neoplasm will gradually grow and will put pressure on those internal organs that are nearby. So, as the cyst grows, it will exert strong pressure on the intestines, ureters, and also on the bladder. In addition, adhesions will appear in the abdominal cavity, which will eventually lead to infertility, but that's not all, as pus can form inside the brush. This will lead to secondary infection and tumor necrosis.
