One of the common diseases is an ovarian cyst. This disease has a number of specific symptoms. In the absence of adequate treatment, the consequences can be serious. Often among the whole set of cysts, it is follicular neoplasms in the ovaries that are the most common. They differ in a special mechanism of occurrence. What is a follicular ovarian cyst, as well as the features of the course of this disease and treatment, will be described in detail below.
Features of the disease
One of the common gynecological diseases is the ovarian follicular cyst. Symptoms and treatment for a woman can be different. They depend on the stage of development of the neoplasm, as well as many other factors.
Follicular cyst is called, which belongs to the class of functional cysts. It is almost always a unilateral tumor-like neoplasm. It is formed inside the ovary. Such a neoplasm is a consequence of certainprocesses in the body. It has a certain formation mechanism.
Follicles form in a normally functioning ovary. From the most developed of them, an egg is released during the period of ovulation. However, in some cases, this process fails. The follicle grows, develops, but in the end, the egg does not have time to leave it. In this case, a cavity appears with a liquid that continues to grow. This is an overripe follicle. Such cysts appear in 90% of all cases of ovarian neoplasms.
Description of the cyst
A follicular ovarian cyst develops on the surface of this organ. The neoplasm has an oval or other shape. This is a capsule with different wall thicknesses. It is filled with liquid. Outwardly, the cyst resembles a sac with a size of 1-2 cm. In diameter, it can grow up to 18-20 cm.
The larger the cyst becomes, the more likely it is to rupture. This is a serious threat to life. Therefore, follicular and other cysts are observed in dynamics by a gynecologist. In most cases, such a neoplasm should pass on its own. This requires one to three menstrual cycles. This leaves no visible traces.
In some cases, the follicular cyst does not go away on its own. In this case, its walls are compacted. This reduces the likelihood of spontaneous resorption of the neoplasm. The cyst gradually increases, which greatly complicates both its treatment and increases the risk of complications. To prevent this, the patient should periodically undergo ultrasound. Doctormay advise surgical removal of a dangerous growth.
Symptoms
In most cases, a woman does not feel any deviations in her he alth during the development of a follicular ovarian cyst. Symptoms appear more often after a while. It is possible to determine that there is a follicular cyst on the ovary only after an ultrasound examination in dynamics. In this case, the neoplasm appears in the first cycle, and in the second it decreases and may disappear altogether. Sometimes this process lasts for several menstrual cycles.
More often, the symptoms of such a disease appear when the cyst becomes larger, does not go away within several menstrual cycles. A woman may feel pain in the lower abdomen. Sometimes they become very strong, but more often they are aching, dull. There may also be heaviness and pressure. During menstruation, lingering pains appear.
Also, the monthly cycle may become irregular. Nausea, dizziness, vomiting may occur, especially after exercise or sexual intercourse. The pain may radiate to the rectum. When urinating, pressure may be felt in the pelvic area. Also, a symptom of such an ailment can be bleeding, pain in the vagina.
When should I see a doctor?
Overview should consider the symptoms and treatment of ovarian follicular cysts. Knowing them, a woman will be able to quickly respond to the appearance of some characteristic signs of such a disease. You should have an annual examination in the women'sconsultations. At the same time, if you experience pain, menstrual irregularities and other similar symptoms, you should not delay going to the doctor.
However, you should urgently go to the hospital if a number of other symptoms appear that indicate the possible development of complications. If the temperature has risen more than 38ºС, you need to establish the cause of this phenomenon. Weakness, dizziness or fatigue should also alert.
Abundant discharge with clots during menstruation is also a reason to visit a gynecologist. If a woman's weight is below normal, when a cyst appears, she may notice an increase in it. It is also a symptom of such a neoplasm. On the face, hairs can grow in a male pattern. Blood pressure can change in both directions. During the examination, the doctor may feel a lump in the abdominal cavity.
Reasons
A follicular ovarian cyst of the left or right can develop for certain reasons. Today, doctors have not come to a consensus why such a disease develops. However, there are two explanations for the formation of a follicular cyst.
Disturbances in the functionality of the ovaries can provoke inflammatory processes that are localized in the uterine appendages. Such diseases provoke congestive hyperemia of the pelvic organs, as well as adnexitis, salpingitis. After gynecological interventions (abortions, abdominal operations), a similar phenomenon also often occurs. Infectious diseases in an acute form can cause a similar phenomenon.
Hormonal disruption
The second reason for the development of follicular cysts is hormonal failure. It occurs due to prolonged or incorrect use of hormonal contraceptives, after childbirth, in violation of the thyroid gland.
Also, with hyperstimulation of ovulation (fertility treatment), similar neoplasms may also appear. If the body is weakened, exposed to stress, other adverse effects, it reacts to this with a hormonal failure.
Cyst on the right or left
Follicular ovarian cyst appears under the influence of certain factors. It should be noted that most physicians agree that the cause can be determined from which side the neoplasm appeared.
So, the cyst on the left is often the result of colitis. This disease is inflammatory in nature and develops in the small intestine. All organs are closely connected. The ovaries are close to the intestines. His diseases may affect the functioning of these organs.
Right cyst can also develop due to appendectomy. Therefore, when diagnosing the causes of the disease, a number of other organs are examined.
Delayed period
Knowing the causes of a follicular ovarian cyst, it should be said that it in itself also provokes hormonal failure. Therefore, the appearance of such an education only worsens the condition of the body. Cyst cells are capable of producing estrogen. This hormone is determined in increased amounts in the blood during the examination.
Estrogens promote cell division processes. This prevents themthe onset of menstruation. As a result, there may be a delay in menstruation. It can be small, just a few days. However, this should be the reason for further examination, a full diagnosis.
Menstruation, which came with a delay, brings severe pain. Allocations become plentiful and long. Clots may be present. Sometimes there may even be uterine bleeding. In some cases, the body reacts differently to the appearance of a cyst. Early menstruation may begin. It is also a pathology that requires examination.
Complications
Most often, a follicular cyst resolves on its own. However, in some cases, it remains in its place, gradually increasing in size. This situation is dangerous with the appearance of complications. One of them is the rupture of the ovarian follicular cyst. In this case, you need to call an ambulance. An open operation is performed. If timely action is not taken, there is a high risk of peritonitis.
Also, an ovary with a cyst can become twisted. In this case, necrosis develops. The situation requires urgent surgical intervention. Sometimes not only a cyst can rupture, but also an ovary. In this case, without timely surgical intervention, the woman may die from internal bleeding.
Causes of cyst rupture
The follicular cyst of the right or left ovary may rupture. This is a serious threat to life and he alth. Therefore, women who have developedfollicular cyst, a number of requirements must be met to prevent this. The fact is that in such neoplasms the walls can be very thin. This explains why this particular type of cyst is opened more often than others.
Most often the gap occurs during ovulation. However, this is not excluded in other phases of the cycle. The cause of a cyst rupture may be trauma, a blow to the abdomen, active sports, increased stress or heavy lifting. Also, rough sexual intercourse can lead to rupture of the cyst. Increase the likelihood of such a complication of internal inflammation, hormonal failure.
Therefore, women who are observed by a gynecologist, when a follicular cyst is detected, should exclude strength exercises. Do not carry heavy bags, lift weights, or move furniture. You also can't jump. In public transport it is desirable to go sitting. If there are no seats, it is better to wait for another bus or tram.
Symptoms of a ruptured cyst
Treatment of a follicular ovarian cyst that has opened can only be surgical. You need to act quickly. There are a number of symptoms that indicate the need to call an ambulance.
When a cyst ruptures, there is a sharp and severe pain in the abdomen. She can concentrate in the lower abdomen or only on one side. Sometimes the pain radiates to the rectum or spreads throughout the abdomen. Diarrhea may appear. The anterior wall of the peritoneum is tense.
The sharp pain in the abdomen is due to the pouring of liquid from the capsule into the abdominal cavity. Maybevomiting opens, weakness and dizziness appear. Sometimes there are spotting. Blood pressure drops. With an increase in temperature, we can talk about the development of inflammation (peritonitis).
Treatment
Depending on the characteristics of the course of the disease, the doctor determines how to treat a follicular ovarian cyst. First, the doctor makes a diagnosis. With the help of palpation, he can feel a large cyst. It has a diameter of 5-8 cm. In this case, the reason that led to the appearance of such a neoplasm is determined. If there are signs of hormonal failure, medication is prescribed.
Also, a woman takes vitamins, monitors her diet. Diets at this time are strictly prohibited. The diet must be balanced. It is better to reduce the consumption of coffee, sweet and starchy foods. It is recommended to add protein foods, fruits and vegetables, cereals to the diet.
Within 3 months, a woman constantly visits a gynecologist and does an ultrasound scan at regular intervals. If the cyst does not disappear, but only grows, this situation requires surgical intervention.
Operation
Treatment of a follicular ovarian cyst, which has not disappeared or decreased in 3 menstrual cycles, is special. In this case, it is recommended to consult a surgeon. If there are no complications, and the size of the cyst does not exceed 9 cm in diameter, laparoscopic surgery is indicated. In this case, there are practically no scars, and the healing process does not last very long.
Laparoscopy involves insertion through small incisions in the peritoneuma tube that supplies a special gas. The belly is inflated. Using a camera on a long wire, the doctor examines the internal organs of the small pelvis. Also, with the help of a special tool, the surgeon excised the cyst, gently pulling it out. With this operation, the likelihood of complications is minimal. The patient is discharged after a few days. She can move independently within 12-14 hours after the operation.
If the cyst is large or has complications, then an abdominal operation is performed. The scars in this case will be larger, and the recovery process takes longer. Therefore, it is recommended to undergo laparoscopic surgery without waiting for the cyst to rupture or the ovary to torsion.
After considering the features, symptoms, causes and methods of treatment of the ovarian follicular cyst, we can conclude that timely diagnosis and proper treatment give good results.
