Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process that affects the pancreas tissue. The gland is located behind the stomach, in the retroperitoneal zone, in contact with the duodenum. The organ got its name because of its location. When examined in a horizontal position, the pancreas is under the stomach. First of all, you should familiarize yourself with the clinical guidelines for chronic pancreatitis, the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease.
The main purpose of this organ is the formation of gastric juice with enzymes and bicarbonates. They, in turn, take part in the process of digestion. When waiting for food and when it enters the stomach, enzymes and juices begin to be transported from the pancreas through the connecting canal to the small intestine. The pancreas neutralizes the acidic sphere of gastric juice directly in the intestinal tract, where enzymes are activated and begin to perform their own functions of splitting and processing elements. MoreRead more about clinical guidelines for chronic pancreatitis and pathogenesis in children and adults.
Onset of disease in adults
Statistical information in the history of chronic pancreatitis in women and men varies significantly depending on the climate, the distinctive features of nutrition generally accepted in different states, and the customs of drinking alcohol. In addition, there is a significant difference in the incidence of female and male, both in the mechanism of the disease and in the circumstances that give rise to it.
The main risk category for the development of pancreatitis consists of mature residents, which is determined by the frequency of alcohol consumption, an unbalanced menu and the addition of concomitant diseases.
Why does it appear in men
Trigger mechanism for a man with pancreatitis to a greater extent will be the use of alcohol (the so-called alcoholic pancreatitis) and the advantage of fatty foods, convenience foods. Also, a characteristic feature of pancreatitis in men is considered to be a chronic form, advanced pancreatitis due to a late visit to a gastroenterologist.
Occurrence in women
In women, the following prerequisites for pancreatitis are often traced:
- cholelithiasis causing the development of pancreatitis and cholecystitis;
- hormonal surges and pathologies that become a factor in the inflammatory effects of the pancreas: pregnancy, menopause,use of hormonal contraceptives;
- hunger, dieting, unbalanced food that is detrimental to well-being.
There are other reasons. But the above are the most common and require immediate medical attention.
The course of the disease in a reactive form
Reactive pancreatitis is formed against the background of existing diseases and the results of injuries of the abdominal organs, surgery, etc. More frequent factors contributing to the development of reactive pancreatitis are diseases of the digestive system, such as:
- noncommunicable disease;
- gallstone disease;
- inflammation of the stomach;
- liver disease;
- biliary tract disease;
- intestinal infections.
What causes illness in children?
Determination of the cause of the formation of pancreatitis in children is carried out by a specialist, namely a pediatric gastroenterologist. Due to infancy, the cause of inflammatory actions in the pancreas is significantly different from the manifestation of the disease in adulthood.
More often, inflammation in a child is considered the result of trauma, surgery, resulting in defects in the ducts of the pancreas or its materials. Hereditary tendency to excessive production of gastric juice, cystic fibrosis (intestinal, pulmonary, hybrid form), as well as food allergies, chronic inflammatory processes in the body,results of parotitis and other diseases.
Pathologies of digestion and other functions will become a factor in the appearance of pancreatitis in a child and adolescents.
Etiology of disease
Signs of pancreatitis, the mechanism of the formation of the disease, methods of diagnosis and therapy have been considered the object of research by experts for several centuries. In the course of improving research methods, learning abilities and skill accumulation, a number of types of systematization of pancreatitis were assumed, based on the specifics of medical signs, the nature of tissue damage, the circumstances of occurrence, and so on.
At present, types of pancreatitis are determined according to the etiology of the disease, the form and distinctive features of the course of the disease. More on them below.
Classification of disease by causes
According to the circumstances of the formation of the disease, primary, secondary and reactive pancreatitis are emphasized. The first form of the disease is formed against the background of damage to the materials of the pancreas itself. Among the key factors of destructive actions, the following are determined:
- alcohol abuse, frequent smoking;
- damage to the pancreas due to abdominal trauma, surgery and single research procedures, in particular, similar results are likely with endoscopy;
- long-term, especially uncontrolled use of medications that aggressively affect the pancreas;
- food poisoning, chemical elements;
- using significantamounts of food with artificial additives, treated with pesticides and other chemicals;
- genetic predisposition to diseases of the digestive system, natural pathologies of the formation of the pancreas;
- unbalanced menu with excess fatty and spicy food, especially with long intervals between meals.
The pathogenesis of primary chronic pancreatitis can improve at any age. Current diagnostics and treatment makes it possible to temporarily stop or slow down uncontrolled processes in the tissues of the pancreas, restore lost functions of the organ and avoid serious complications.
Recurrent, reactive pancreatitis is reported if in the etiology of the disease it is possible to recognize the main root cause in the form of diseases of other organs of the gastrointestinal tract and the digestive system as a whole, as well as with the provocative effect of infectious diseases; diabetes; hereditary diseases, in particular, cystic fibrosis or Crohn's disease; diseases of the cardiovascular system; worm infestations in bile ducts and so on. Diagnosing the cause of the formation of pancreatitis can be difficult. But the well-being of therapy mainly depends on the elimination of the causes that caused the onset of the disease and the prevention of exacerbations.
Classification according to the form and characteristics of the course of the disease
The acute inflammatory process leads to incomplete or absolute losspancreas basic functions. The destruction of the cells of this glandular organ threatens with irreversible actions. There is no substitute organ capable of replacing this gland.
There are acute and chronic pancreatitis. The forms of the disease differ in their medical type, treatments, and he alth outcomes. Acute pancreatitis is called a rapidly developing inflammatory disease, accompanied by the threat of irreversible changes in the tissues and structure of the pancreas, destruction, incomplete or absolute, of other organs and even death. In the acute form, pancreatic juice, stagnating in the gland, is activated and destroys its cells.
In this course of the disease, there is a significant defect in the cells of the organ, accompanied by edema. The main risk category is adults at the age of 30-60 years, although the acute form can also appear in a child as a consequence of such negative conditions as:
- no eating regime;
- predominance of fatty and spicy dishes, semi-finished products, fast food;
- blunt abdominal trauma;
- worm infestations;
- natural pathologies of the formation of the gallbladder, its ducts, duodenal viscera, pancreatic ducts;
- hereditary predispositions and pathologies, infectious diseases, etc.
In childhood, the acute form of pancreatitis has less symptoms. Medical situation of the disease, diagnostic methods and basics of therapydiffer from acute destructive pancreatitis in adults who have this condition.
Chronic features
The pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis indicates that the disease passes with stages of exacerbations and remissions. According to the progression, insufficiency is formed: the glandular tissue of the organ undergoes changes and is replaced by connective tissue, which cannot produce gastric enzymes and juice. The lack of enzymes gives rise to pathologies in the functioning of the peptic system.
This form of the disease can be traced in patients of different ages. Experts fix the trend of diagnosing recurrent pancreatitis, which is present in a chronic form. This is provoked by the popularization and availability of semi-finished products, fast food, junk food, as well as the alcoholization of residents.
There are 2 stages of chronic disease. The initial stage is manifested by small symptoms and can last for many months, depending on the way of existence and the state of the general well-being of a person. The initial stage is followed by a period in which differences and pathologies in the functioning of the pancreas become more and more pronounced and worry almost regularly. The aggravation of the chronic form is mainly caused by the use of poor-quality, harmful food and alcohol, especially on an empty stomach.
Symptoms
The signs of the two forms of pancreatitis are different, as well as the characteristic features of their course and the likely complications of the disease. The symptoms of the chronic form are often considered mild, but the propertiesdiseases in an acute figure are expressed clearly. With a medical picture of an acute form, it is important to immediately resort to a professional, not only for the purpose of curing, but also for the sake of differential diagnosis of diseases that can give rise to similar symptoms.
Signs of a chronic form
Pain in chronic pancreatitis is localized in the same place as in another form, and, depending on the distinctive features of the disease, are felt in the area of the right or left hypochondrium. Pain radiates to the back. They have a girdle character, are able to expand to the region of the scapula, sternum, depending on the zone of the inflammatory process and the period of the disease. Drinking alcohol, eating fatty, spicy foods can induce exacerbations.
Pain during exacerbations of the disease appears against the background of the formation of an inflammatory process that acts on the nerve endings of the pancreas, as well as with swelling and enlargement of the organ that attracts nerve endings in the surrounding tissues. Painfulness can appear after a violation of the diet, continue from a couple of minutes. up to several days. A decrease in pain syndrome is noticed when bending down, squatting. In addition to the manifested pain feelings, there are corresponding symptoms of exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis, the treatment of which is prescribed by the doctor:
- bloating, belching, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting due to disruption of the digestive system due to enzyme deficiency;
- weight loss of the body, deterioration in overall he alth.
In addition, dry skin can be traced,fragility of the nail plates, anemia, signs of beriberi, high asthenia, etc. as a result of pathologies in the metabolism of protein, carbohydrates, fats, as well as constant intoxication with the breakdown products of undigested food; increased gas formation, stool pathology, persistent diarrhea, prolonged constipation due to the lack of food digestion, activation and reproduction of microorganisms that adversely affect the intestinal microflora.
The clinical situation of the manifested exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis is similar to the acute form. With an unforeseen exacerbation of the disease, necrosis of pancreatic tissue can also develop, causing acute pain attacks and causing emergency medical intervention and hospitalization of the patient.
Treatment menu
Pharmaceutical, enzyme and dietary therapy is selected by the doctor based on the patient's condition and test results. But the general foundations of dietary adjustment are consistently about the same. They provide peace to the digestion and pancreas, which means they reduce pain and normalize he alth.
Nutrition for pancreatitis and gastritis has been drastically cut - most of the usual foods will need to be forgotten.
Eat often, about 5-6 times a day - every three hours, with an interval of 8 hours of sleep. Serving size should be small - approximately 200-250 g, especially after an exacerbation of the disease.
All dishes are automatically processed -they are almost all used in pure form. Then, as the inflammation subsides, larger particles appear in the food, but it is necessary to chew food thoroughly.
Since, due to the lack of caloric elements in chronic pancreatitis, pain occurs in the whole body, it is necessary to increase the protein component of the menu - up to about 140-150 g of protein per day.
But fats and carbohydrates, which are very difficult for the pancreas, are limited to the minimum possible. Approximately 300 g of carbohydrates are provided per day, fat - 70-80 g.
Food products that have a juice effect are removed from the menu - meat and fish broths, cabbage juice and broth, during the period of a painful attack, therapeutic fasting for a period of 48 hours under the supervision of a doctor is advised.
With pancreatitis and gastritis, you should drink more water - it is recommended to drink up to 2 liters per day. of pure water, approximately every thirty minutes, take 2-3 sips throughout the day.
Of course, with pancreatitis, you should completely stop smoking and drinking alcohol. They are the most powerful seizure provocateurs.
How to eat?
In our world, there are practically no people who do not have problems with the digestive tract. Things in the modern food industry are not distinguished by a positive trend: companies and factories care mainly about their profits, but not at all about the quality of their products.
Everyone inadvertently stuffs themselves with a variety of artificial dyes, Eshki, various surrogates, etc. Undoubtedly, thisaffects the entire body. It is the pancreas that suffers first, as a result of which a person may develop a chronic form of pancreatitis. In this case, and especially during an exacerbation of the disease, you should follow a rather strict diet No. 5.
When pancreatitis should adhere to certain principles of nutrition. Moreover, the diet should be quite rigid. Proper nutrition will help reduce the severity of pain, effectively preventing a possible aggravation.
Main Rules
When pancreatitis becomes chronic, the patient's diet should be calculated as follows:
- A complete amount of carbohydrates and fats.
- Plenty of protein food.
- Minimal intake of s alt, honey and sugar.
Diet tips
Before you know what to eat with chronic pancreatitis, you need to follow these principles:
- Fat intake should be spread throughout the day.
- The diet should be divided into small portions throughout the day.
- Use fats, margarine and butter in moderation in cooking.
- It is best to bake, grill, stew and boil all foods.
- The diet should include the required amount of fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products daily.
- Each meal should be accompanied by the intake of the required amount of protein. The group of allowed protein foods includes lean beef, dairy products with a minimum percentage of fat, lean chicken, egg whites,fish, soy and beans.
- Avoid alcoholic beverages and foods.
What can I do?
If a person has chronic pancreatitis at home, dietary nutrition should be observed almost all his life, each product must be chosen especially carefully. So, below is a list of allowed foods and those that need to be consumed in moderation.
Meat, eggs, fish and poultry
The patient should consume lean fried, steamed and baked meat, fish or poultry, as well as canned tuna and egg whites. It is not recommended to eat fatty poultry and meat with skin, fried eggs, offal, hot dogs, bacon, salami, etc.
Dairy department
It is acceptable to consume fat-free foods: ice cream, milk, low-fat sour cream, cheese, yogurt (including frozen), cottage cheese. Sauces, milkshakes, fried cheese, heavy cream, and other high-fat natural milk products are rarely allowed.
Analogues
As an alternative, in the diet menu for chronic pancreatitis, some products can be replaced with the following analogues:
- Grains: Rolls, bread, couscous, bran, low-fat crackers, cereals, noodles, hash browns and pancakes, rice, popcorn, waffles, corn and muffins. In moderation, you can eat french fries, potato chips, cookies, sweet rolls, croissants, muesli and muffins.
- Beans, rice and almond milk, and products made from it: peas, beans, soybeans, lentils, nuts, oil fromhim, as well as coconut milk.
- Vegetables and fruits: they are recommended to be consumed in absolutely any form. And fried vegetables and avocados would not be the best alternative.
- Desserts: You can eat light sponge cake, sorbet, popsicles, applesauce, pudding, gelatin, sherbet, as well as a minimum amount of bitter natural chocolate. Cakes, custard, coconut products, fried desserts, pies, cakes, donuts, and cookies remain banned.
- Drinks: Hot chocolate, fruit and vegetable juices, tea, coffee, and sports drinks are allowed here. Sodas and drinks flavored with cream are taboo!
- Seasonings: A variety of spices are allowed, subject to individual tolerance, as well as a little vegetable oil, jam, margarine, honey, maple syrup, broth, fat-free mayonnaise, fat-free salad dressing, mustard, sugar and s alt. All these products are allowed, but in limited quantities. It is best to avoid lard, olives, fatty mayonnaise, tahini paste, smoked meats, hummus, and salad dressings.
Sample daily menu
Not every patient can correctly compose a menu for chronic pancreatitis. Therefore, below is the optimal menu, and you can adjust it for yourself. Diet recipes are quite simple, they do not contain a lot of fat, but at the same time are rich in fiber, carbohydrates and protein.
So, an approximate menu for pancreatic pancreatitis for a day is as follows. Breakfast can be prepared from thisproduct set:
- spinach omelet;
- a slice of whole grain bread made without yeast, spread with minimal butter;
- 0, 5 tbsp. oatmeal porridge flavored with fresh berries;
- coffee, tea, fruit drink, compote.
Snacks can include smoothies: 1 cup soy or almond milk, 1 cup light yogurt, a medium-sized banana, and vanilla. All ingredients must be mixed well.
Lunch is an important meal that should not be skipped. In the diet menu for pancreatic pancreatitis, you can include fish and turkey, rich in protein, carbohydrate-containing cereals and vegetables, as well as legumes with he althy fats.
Second snack might consist of an apple and some low-fat cottage cheese. After the last meal, you need to eat mainly protein dishes - fish with vegetable salad and a side dish of rice. If there is a feeling of hunger before going to bed, then with such an approximate diet menu for pancreatitis of the gland, you can drink a little low-fat kefir.
Cure fasting
Based on the reviews of chronic pancreatitis, we can say that fasting for medicinal purposes will not hurt. The basis of this approach is the removal of inflammation, as well as the elimination of puffiness in the pancreas. Hunger allows you to quickly restore the affected organ, suspending the production of enzymes and gastric juice.
As soon as the patient shows the first signs of pancreatitis, doctors advise drinking enough mineral non-carbonated water,rosehip decoction, as well as green tea.
You need to get out of therapeutic fasting gradually: on day 4, you can add the following products to your menu:
- wheat dried bread;
- oatmeal cooked with water;
- jelly;
- fruit drink;
- herbal decoctions;
- semi-liquid mashed potatoes;
- some dry biscuits;
- oatmeal water;
- liquid rice, buckwheat or semolina porridge.
Nutrition after diet
About a week after the end of the diet, you can introduce a steam protein omelet, water with honey, raisins and prunes, chopped fruit mousse, low-fat cottage cheese soufflé, slimy cereal soups, minced meat, vegetable squash, green tea, pumpkin or carrot puree with vegetable oil, yogurt, vegetable puddings.
Result
Exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis symptoms and treatment is not too severe. This is a rather serious disease, which, however, is successfully treated with certain medications and a special diet. Yes, the diet is strict, but the list of allowed foods is quite wide, and even a skilled gourmet can create a very tasty and he althy menu. But, as you know, the disease is better to prevent than to cure. Therefore, compliance with all preventive measures will protect against pancreatitis.
