The follicular cyst of the tooth is a neoplasm of epithelial genesis that develops in the jaw bone tissue. Despite the fact that the disease may not manifest itself in the form of certain symptoms for a very long time, such a condition is dangerous and needs timely diagnosis and proper treatment.
What is this?
Let's look into this issue in more detail. The follicular cyst of the tooth is a cavity that develops from the enamel organ of the tooth, which has not erupted. Inside there is a fluid that is sterile in the early stages of cyst formation, and can become infected later. An unerupted tooth can also be located in the cyst. At the same time, it is either completely immersed there, or only up to the level of the neck. The tooth root in the latter case is located in the bone tissue.
Most often, a follicular cyst of a tooth in children is diagnosed between the ages of twelve and fifteen, mostly in boys. Much less common in younger adultstwenty to twenty five years old. The cyst is usually found in the canine or mandible or third molar. Much less often, the formation of the third molar large tooth of the upper jaw is diagnosed.
The reasons for the formation of this pathology
There are different opinions regarding the causes of the formation of a follicular cyst of the tooth, which boil down mainly to trauma to the developing tooth, for example, pressure on the bud of a milk tooth or lack of space for an erupted wisdom tooth, or infection of the bud of the tooth.
Due to the correspondence of the period in which the normal development of the tooth follicle is disturbed, the following may appear: a cyst that contains parts of the teeth; a cyst that contains already fully formed teeth; cysts without them.
Thus, this neoplasm is essentially a dental malformation.
The follicular cyst of the tooth develops for a long time and slowly. Sometimes, with incomplete removal of the lining of the epithelium, there are relapses after the intervention.
If an inflammatory process exists in the periodontium or canal of a milk tooth for a long time, it can disrupt the emerging root of a molar tooth. One of the possible consequences is the formation of a follicular cyst.
Thus, once again, the need for preventive regular visits to the dentist and the treatment of milk teeth in a timely manner, and not in a neglected state, is confirmed.
Manifestations of a follicular cyst
What are the symptoms of this pathology? Manmay not feel the developing process of pathology at all. Attention is drawn to the absence of one or more teeth in the dentition.
As an exception, there are cases of development of a cyst in the jaw near a supernumerary (extra) tooth germ.
A neoplasm is diagnosed most often by chance, when a patient undergoes an X-ray examination due to another pathology. In advanced situations, the cyst may bulge into the oral cavity.
More rare symptoms in neoplasms of this type
The disease in rare cases can manifest itself in the form of a number of symptoms:
- headaches;
- pain in the area of teething;
- feeling worse, fever;
-
growth in the oral cavity of the follicular cyst of the tooth.
Such signs indicate the progression of the disease, you can not hesitate to visit the dentist. The inflammation process will not go away on its own, and the lack of treatment can cause serious complications:
- defects in the development of the rudiments of permanent teeth;
- eruption time mixing;
- negative effect on the position in the arch of permanent teeth;
- jaw bone damage.
The most serious complication of a dental follicular cyst is a purulent inflammatory process - an acute phlegmon.
What is the main danger of this pathology?
When the jaw tissue is compressed by a growing cyst, the development of the tooth germs, the timing of their eruption and the location in relation to the row of teeth are disturbed. Tooth germs may die.
In addition, there is a possibility of cyst suppuration. The accumulated pus tries to take up as much space as possible, causing the jaw tissue to melt.
As a result of the movement of pus, phlegmon of the neck and face can develop. When the vascular wall is perforated, sepsis appears.
In addition, cases of transformation of a dental cyst into a tumor, mainly into an ameloblastoma, were recorded.
When the cyst becomes large, the jawbone becomes thinner and the jaw can break as a result.
How is a follicular cyst treated?
The method of treatment is determined individually in each case based on the following factors:
- location and size of the cyst;
- absence or presence of suppuration;
- level of bone tissue damage;
- prospects for further teething.
When a cyst is formed in the area of the wisdom tooth, its contents are removed completely, as well as the directly unerupted tooth and shell.
When treating a tooth cyst in a child in the canine area, the dentist will evaluate the possibility of saving the tooth. With the prospect of such an operation plan, the anterior cystic wall is removed. After that, a special “move” is formed between the vestibule orthe oral cavity on one side and the cyst cavity on the other. The cystic cavity is filled with a piece of mucous membrane, after which it is sutured. Taking into account the fact that in most cases the patients are children, an X-ray examination is carried out, modern equipment is desirable. As a result, the radiation dose is reduced. The operation plan helps to create the most accurate possibility of digital processing of finished radiographs, to avoid violations of the rudiments of the molars and injury to the jaw vessels.
Removal of the follicular cyst of the tooth is carried out by cystectomy, that is, together with the tooth, or cystotomy, in which the doctor pumps out the liquid from the capsule and then places a tampon with iodoform into the cavity.
Cyst at the root of the G8
A cyst is a cavity filled with pus or fluid that forms mainly at the root tip. It can hit any tooth.
There is also a follicular cyst of the wisdom tooth. Due to the specifics of growth and its location, it undergoes cystic pathology more often than others. In approximately 40% of situations, wisdom teeth remain partially or completely impacted, grow in the depths of soft tissues, which is one of the main causes of neoplasms. Doctors distinguish a separate subspecies of it, which occurs on the gum near an unerupted tooth and grows very quickly.
It is interesting that under the upper "eights" the cyst will progress at a higher rate than under the lower ones. This is due to the fact that the bone in the upper jaw is more porous, and the infection is due to this.spreads more easily.
Wisdom tooth cyst after removal
A cystic lesion can appear not only on the tooth root, but also in the gum when it has already been removed. Such a phenomenon, unfortunately, is not uncommon, since it is a reaction of the body's defense to tissue damage. The reason may be:
- unprofessionalism of the surgeon during extraction (for example, the withdrawal of an untimely cotton swab);
- "dry hole";
- use of non-sterile instruments;
- ignoring medical recommendations about behavior in the period after surgery, rinsing the wound with herbal decoctions, stopping the use of antibiotics early, etc.
But even if all the conditions are met, the cyst may still appear on the gum after the removal of the "eight". To avoid the development of education, the surgeon will prescribe antibiotics for treatment after extraction.
After the removal of the wisdom tooth, the cyst looks like a capsule, its diameter is from 0.5 to 0.8 mm. Doctors advise getting rid of it immediately after diagnosis, as it can quickly increase in size.
Patient feedback on this pathology and its treatment
If the pathology is small, the patient is offered therapeutic treatment and tooth preservation. This is time consuming but can be successful. It requires a lot of skill and strength from the doctor, but with a positive result, the prognosis is usually good, patients do not have to resort to extreme measures.
After removing the cystpatients talk about the frequent occurrence of relapses, even if everything was in accordance with the norms. It is impossible to predict such a reaction.
In some cases, even therapeutic treatment does not help get rid of the cyst. Surgery is the last resort if there are no other options. Anterior teeth have a better prognosis than posterior teeth.
