In the article we will consider what is periodontitis of the tooth. Dental diseases occur in people of all ages. Both children and adults are at risk of developing a pathological process in the oral cavity.
Inflammation of the ligaments that hold the tooth in the jaw is called periodontitis. In every third patient, the disease arose after a carious process. Periodontitis in children develops rapidly and has dangerous complications. What is acute periodontitis of the tooth? This will be discussed further.
Acute periodontitis
Doctors divide this pathology into several types:
- Acute serous periodontitis is the initial stage in the development of inflammation. This stage is characterized by increasing pain. Due to the accumulation of infection in a closed cavity, pressure is formed on the nerve endings. The pain is aggravated by biting.
- Purulent acute periodontitis of the tooth is formed if it was not on timethe tooth was cured at the first stage of the disease. Pulsating pain is characteristic, without a clear localization. At this stage, a slight swelling of the gums is possible.
Chronic periodontitis of the tooth
The chronic form of the disease often occurs after the acute stage. This can happen within 2-10 days. But inflammation is possible not only against the background of untreated acute periodontitis. Probably independent development due to weak immunity. Symptoms of the disease are practically absent, there are rare bouts of slight pain or discomfort when biting. Divided into three forms:
- Fibrous - is manifested by the fact that tissues are replaced with connective fibrous formations over time. There are no special symptoms with periodontitis of the tooth and complaints in patients. An accurate diagnosis can be made after X-ray. In the pictures, the doctor will notice neoplasms on the root of the tooth.
- Granulating - characterized by the appearance of edema in the upper part of the tooth, bright pink or red, with a loose structure. May lead to bone destruction. It is the most dangerous form of the disease. It is manifested by aching pain during physical impact on the tooth. Tissue appears blurry on x-ray.
- Granulomatous. With this form, the attending physician will notice a sac on the mucous membrane with purulent fluid in the picture. At first, the patient will not be disturbed in any way, but over time, a constant throbbing, rolling pain will appear.
In case of exacerbation of chronic periodontitispain increases, swelling of the gums may appear, and a slight swelling on the face.
Acute dental periodontitis in young children
Most often there are cases with chronic and aggravated forms of periodontitis in temporary teeth, but this does not exclude the possibility of developing other acute forms of the disease. A common symptom of acute periodontitis in young patients is the active course of the inflammatory process in the periodontium, the rapid transition of a limited process into a diffuse one. The serous stage of inflammation is usually short-lived and quickly turns into a purulent one. If the damage has not touched the roots of the tooth, then the pus can come out through the tooth itself or the fistula.
Otherwise, it accumulates, swelling of the gums begins, pain appears and the immune system fails. With the normal functioning of the immune system, the disease slows down. But with any disease, even SARS, it can provoke a deterioration in the condition of the tooth and lead to infection of neighboring he althy tissue. If the formation of the roots is not completed, then the process leads to the death of the tooth. This complication is manifested by an increase in temperature. Pain with periodontitis of the tooth should not go unnoticed.
Diagnosis
Clinically, the disease is determined by examining the oral cavity. A child may have asymmetry of the face due to swelling of the mucous membrane in the mouth, there are cases with an increase in lymph nodes. When examining the tooth itself, the dentist observes swelling of the gums, mobility, the presence of caries, and mechanicalinjury.
To make an accurate diagnosis and determine the type of disease, additional diagnostic tests are used:
- radiological method;
- computed tomography;
- tooth probing.
Treatment tactics are chosen by the attending physician. It depends on the degree of damage to the ligaments and the root. In the case of a milk tooth, the stage of involvement in the inflammatory process of the permanent rudiment will also be taken into account. How is periodontitis of milk teeth treated? You will learn more about this later.
Therapy of disease
The main goals of treatment are: elimination of pain, destruction of the focus of inflammation, restoration of the anatomical shape and function of the tooth.
If there is no way to cure inflammation, the question arises of removal. This is necessary, since the damaged area is a source of infection, which can further penetrate into deep tissues, thereby damaging the permanent dentition. In addition, severe intoxication negatively affects the condition of the child. Treatment of periodontitis of milk teeth should be comprehensive and timely.
From another point of view, extraction can provoke a delay in the growth and development of teeth in the jaw, lead to malocclusion and other complications.
Home Methods
It is impossible to cure the disease at home. The infection itself is hidden deep in the channels, the action of antibiotics cannot cope with it. Drugs can only help with complex treatment.
Everyone knows that toothachecalms down if you warm the sore spot with your hand or tie a warming bandage. However, this is not worth doing. Any heating is contraindicated. This can provoke even more suppuration and various complications up to sepsis.
Rinse your mouth with baking soda can help get rid of pus. A teaspoon of soda is dissolved in a glass of warm water. Rinse your mouth with this solution, then spit it out. And so on, until relief comes. Through the hole in the tooth, if there is one, the accumulated pus will gradually come out. But this is a temporary measure.
Indications for removal
With periodontitis of a baby tooth, before making such a decision, the doctor must carefully examine the x-rays and re-evaluate the condition. If the root is resorbed by more than 2/3 of the length, the tooth moves easily and there is a large amount of infected tissue, then these are clear indications for removal. It also takes into account the age of the child, how much time is left before the change of milk teeth, the state of immunity.
Therefore, doctors strongly recommend to show their children to a specialist twice a year and monitor oral hygiene. Since with early diagnosis, successful treatment of periodontitis is possible, and the tooth can be saved.
Contraindications to therapy
In dental practice, there are a number of contraindications that should be considered in the treatment of periodontitis. Among them are:
- severe inflammation followed by septic reaction;
- detection of neoplasms in the root region;
- very crankyroot;
- atrophy of the alveolar process;
- periodontitis, which is often accompanied by repeated exacerbations;
- when a deviated canal is detected that is not accessible to the doctor's instrument;
- it is not possible to completely seal up some area;
- with perforated root wall.
If there is at least one situation, it is recommended to first correct these defects, and then proceed to the main treatment.
Conservative methods
If it is possible to save a tooth, the dentist starts a special treatment from the first visit. For children, a more gentle technique is used than for adults. Treatment is carried out in two or three visits. Therapy is carried out as follows:
- anesthetize the tooth;
- clean the cavity from caries, remove softened tissue;
- expand the mouth of the canals with medical instruments;
- clean channels;
- treat the cavity with a special antiseptic;
- if necessary, open the root hole to remove exudate.
The dentist leaves the tooth open for 5-7 days, prescribes rinsing the mouth with soda solution up to 7 times a day. Repeated admission depends on the complexity of the situation, it is prescribed by the attending physician. With severe intoxication of the body, antibiotics may be prescribed.
Second visit:
- carious cavity treatment;
- an antiseptic is injected into the root canal, which fights againstinflammation;
- Temporary filling is being installed.
Third appointment:
- remove temporary filling;
- the canals are obturated with absorbable paste;
- apply insulating pad;
- install a permanent filling.
To prevent re-infection in the root of the treated tooth, the filling must be installed efficiently and tightly. There are cases when it is not possible to do this on a milk tooth. In this case, it is necessary to install a turunda impregnated with a special mixture of resorcinol-formalin above the mouth of the canal. Some time after the procedure, the doctor may start filling the tooth after the treatment of periodontitis.
Physiotherapy
Ancillary treatment is physiotherapy. These are not very expensive and absolutely painless procedures that are well tolerated by patients:
- Therapeutic electrophoresis. Enhances antiseptic effect with pulsed current.
- Ultraphonophoresis, in which an antiseptic is injected under the action of ultrasound.
- Laser therapy, when the laser beam sterilizes the root canals.
Surgical treatment
This treatment is used when gentle therapy has not stopped the inflammation. Another indication for surgical intervention is the obstruction of the root canal or the presence of a purulent sac.
The purpose of the operation is to cut off the top of the root. It is carried out in the following order:
- first channelfilling with fast-hardening material;
- then cut the gum in the area of the projection of the tooth root;
- cut out a section of the bone, and cut off the affected root tip;
- then remove dead tissue and purulent fluid;
- An antibacterial medicine is poured into the cavity;
- suturing the wound;
- in difficult cases put drainage for a day.
This is a difficult operation, it takes about 40 minutes, the patient is under general anesthesia.
Periodontitis in adults
What is permanent tooth periodontitis? The causes of the disease, in principle, are the same as for milk teeth. Only an additional impetus for the development of the inflammatory process can be:
- tooth injury;
- prolonged action of arsenic on the oral cavity;
- sepsis.
Depending on the stage of inflammation, different signs are observed:
- shaky tooth position;
- noticeable swelling on the gums;
- interdental gaps appear;
- bleeding gums, even at night;
- rarely fever.
At the first signs of the disease, do not postpone a visit to the dentist in order to stop the inflammatory process in time and save the tooth.
Treatment of periodontitis of permanent teeth is carried out by the doctor in two steps. First of all, the root canals are mechanically cleaned from infected tissues, then the cavity is treated with an antiseptic and antibacterial drugs. ByAt the end of the course of treatment, a filling is installed. Just like with milk teeth, the doctor evaluates the patient's condition after therapy, in case of repeated inflammation, an operation is performed. It is possible to prescribe a course of physiotherapy and antibacterial drugs.
Complications
The normal reaction of the body after treatment is a slight aching pain. Ideally, it lasts no more than a day. If the pain increases, swelling appears, the general condition worsens, you should consult a doctor.
The reason may be an individual intolerance to the antiseptic drug. In this case, physical therapy will be recommended.
In this case, it is necessary to take a second x-ray to make sure that the filling is installed correctly. It may be necessary to perform repeated mechanical and drug treatment of the canals in order to neutralize and prevent secondary inflammation.
Possible errors
A number of errors in the treatment process can lead to re-inflammation:
- if you apply a small amount of antiseptic, then part of the pathogenic microflora will remain and cause a new inflammatory process;
- with intensive mechanical cleaning there is a risk of root damage or fracture of the endodontic instrument;
- canal filling error - the seal is not hermetically installed, and microbes multiply in the resulting cavity.
So, we have considered what periodontitis of the tooth is.
Thus, to avoid problems, follow these guidelines:
- organize proper nutrition for your child;
- visit your dentist twice a year;
- teach your child to brush their own teeth from an early age.
These simple tips will help you and your baby keep a beautiful and he althy smile.
