In gynecological practice, a disease such as a multi-chamber ovarian cyst is often found among women of reproductive age. Also, such a pathology is often diagnosed in the fairer sex at the age of fifty, when the menopause begins. A cyst is usually not classified as a tumor, but it is practically equated to it. The neoplasm consists of several chambers separated by partitions, inside of which there are cavities. They are usually large.
Characteristics and description of pathology
Multi-chamber ovarian cyst is a benign neoplasm formed from epithelial cells, inside of which there are many chambers, separated by partitions, with cavities inside.
First, a formation with a cavity appears in the ovary, which is formed from epithelial tissue. It may have a different size. Growth of ovarian tissueoccurs as a result of accumulation in the cavity of the epithelium of the intercellular fluid. If the neoplasm is not removed in a timely manner, the fluid continues to accumulate.
The appearance of a cyst is due to the fact that in due time the follicle in which the egg matures does not burst, fluid accumulates in it, so it increases in size. As the cyst grows, the woman begins to feel pain. Education can appear both on the right and on the left ovary.
In medicine, such a neoplasm is called a mucinous cyst. It can grow to enormous size. Most often, the presence of pathology jeopardizes a woman's ability to become pregnant in the future. In a short period of time, a neoplasm can transform into a cancerous tumor, so it requires surgical intervention.
Why does pathology develop?
There are many reasons why a multi-chamber ovarian cyst is formed. These include:
- Disruption of the hormonal system.
- During the menstrual cycle, there is a change in the concentration of hormones. A high level of progesterone provokes the development in the second phase of the cyst cycle.
- Inflammatory and infectious pathologies of the genitourinary system.
- Congenital malformations of the genital organs.
- Frequent abortions, early intercourse.
- Complications after surgery.
- Disorders of the endocrine system.
- Pregnancy.
- Prolonged stress, malnutrition.
- Use of anticancer drugs, hormonal contraceptives.
- Advanced diseases of the genital organs.
All these factors influence the formation of a multi-chamber cyst of the left ovary or the right one. This can happen at any stage in a woman's life. But most often in reproductive and adulthood. If the disease is congenital, then the fetus was affected by some negative factors:
- bad habits of a pregnant woman;
- taking medication while carrying a baby;
- mother's stress;
- hereditary predisposition.
Varieties of pathology
In principle, any ovarian cyst can be multi-chambered. Septa sometimes form as the neoplasm grows. In gynecology, these types of cysts are distinguished:
- A follicular cyst forms at the site of a follicle that has not burst. With prolonged growth, the neoplasm becomes multi-chamber, has a large size.
- A corpus luteum cyst appears at the site of a follicle that burst.
- A paraovarian neoplasm is located near the ovary, not formed from its tissue.
- Endometrial neoplasm appears in the endometrium. As the cyst grows, many chambers with dark contents form in it.
- The dermoid cyst contains components such as nails, hair, fatty tissue, etc. in the chambers
- Cystadenoma can transform into cancer.
Multi-chamber ovarian cyst of large size (more than five centimeters), it requiressurgical intervention, since drug therapy is ineffective, a secret is constantly produced in its cavities. Often, cancer cells can be found inside the partitions. Often, a cyst provokes the development of serious complications.
Symptoms and signs of illness
The symptoms of pathology are often similar to those of other diseases of the reproductive system. Usually, when a woman has a cyst, the following symptoms appear:
- Pain in the lower abdomen, it can be both periodic and permanent, give to the lower back, left or right side.
- Discomfort and pressure in the rectum, bladder.
- Using the toilet frequently.
- With a huge size of the neoplasm, shortness of breath appears, pressure on the abdominal cavity.
- Belly enlargement.
- Increased pain with physical activity.
- Disorder of the menstrual cycle.
Symptoms that signal immediate hospitalization include:
- Increase in body temperature.
- Loss of consciousness.
- Increased hair on the chin, nasolabial area.
- Rapid weight loss.
If symptoms are ignored and untreated, a multi-chamber ovarian cyst may develop dangerous complications, and in some cases, death due to rupture of the cyst.
Complications and consequences
During exercise, sexual intercourse, fast driving or shaking, the cyst may burst. Its contents leak onto the ovaries, can get intoabdominal cavity. In this case, a sharp severe pain will appear, which may indicate the development of internal bleeding. The woman loses consciousness, blood pressure drops. This condition is very dangerous and requires immediate hospitalization.
Rarely, but possible development of hemorrhagic shock. Also, with hypothermia of the body, a violation of the immune system, pus appears inside the cyst cavity, which can cause the development of a purulent infection and sepsis. Sometimes an ovarian abscess develops. Often a multi-chamber cyst degenerates into a cancerous tumor.
Also, as the cyst grows, it begins to compress nearby organs, vessels and nerves. This provokes venous blood stagnation in the lower extremities, varicose veins develop.
The larger the neoplasm, the higher the risk of its rupture. Which will lead to a life-threatening condition.
Multiple ovarian cyst in a pregnant woman
A cyst is formed in a pregnant woman for the same reasons as in all other representatives of the weaker sex. Usually, the pathology is a cyst of the corpus luteum, which usually disappears on its own before the twelfth week of pregnancy. But there may be another type of cyst. It is usually small and asymptomatic and detected early on ultrasound.
But in this case it is difficult to exclude one hundred percent benign nature of the neoplasm, this is especially true when the cyst did not disappear at the sixteenth week of pregnancy. Asgrowth of the uterus, it will begin to put pressure on the cyst, as a result of which the latter may burst. The higher the gestational age, the more difficult the therapy will be.
Diagnostic measures
The doctor studies the patient's complaints, conducts a gynecological examination, in which the approximate characteristics of the cyst are clarified. Then the specialist prescribes the following examination methods:
- Ultrasound of the pelvic organs makes it possible to determine the structure of the cyst, the number of its chambers, growths on the partitions, the contents of the cavities and other points.
- Doppler to study blood flow near the neoplasm.
- Test for tumor markers to determine the nature of the neoplasm.
- MRI and CT to see the exact picture of the cyst.
- Puncture of the vaginal fornix to determine the presence of bleeding.
- Laparoscopy.
After examining the results of the diagnosis, the doctor makes a final diagnosis and prescribes therapy.
Treatment of multilocular ovarian cyst
Treatment will depend on test results, especially tumor markers, cyst size and complications. If the patient's condition is more or less normal, conservative therapy is prescribed, the effectiveness of which should be visible for two months. In this case, a multi-chamber ovarian cyst is treated without surgery.
The doctor prescribes these medicines:
- Antibiotics.
- Anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Anspasmodic drugs.
- Enzymes.
- Hormones.
- Vitamin-mineral complexes.
Cyst puncture
If the therapy was ineffective, puncture treatment is performed. In this case, some substance is introduced into the cyst cavity, which provokes adhesion of its walls and the elimination of the neoplasm. If the cyst has many chambers and septa, this process will be difficult. The doctor should carefully consider the choice of this technique, since if there is inflammation in the cyst, it cannot be performed.
Surgery
Surgery for a multi-chamber ovarian cyst is prescribed in the following cases:
- Failure of drug therapy.
- Presence of a cyst more than ten centimeters in diameter.
- Acute patient emergency.
- Presence of internal bleeding.
- Torsion of the neoplasm.
- Ovary death.
The method of operation is chosen by the surgeon in each case. The most commonly used intervention using a laparoscope or endoscope, as it does not leave visible scars, is slightly traumatic, and is characterized by little blood loss.
The operation is performed under anesthesia. In the lower abdomen, the surgeon makes several small incisions, inserts a laparoscope with a camera into them, and it broadcasts the image. The tissues are removed with an electrocoagulator, which also cauterizes the injured vessels. It is this operation that reduces the risk of bleeding to zero. The incisions are then carefully sutured, the scars are practicallyinvisible.
With a small cyst, doctors preserve he althy ovarian tissue. In some cases, the cyst can affect the entire ovary, in which case doctors have to remove it completely. The removed organ is sent for histological examination to determine the nature of the neoplasm.
Treatment during pregnancy
Until sixteen weeks of pregnancy, the doctor observes the patient, conducts ultrasound, tests for tumor markers. If the cyst does not disappear after sixteen weeks, surgery is performed. The cyst can be removed up to twenty-two weeks of pregnancy, then removal is not possible.
If a cyst is found when planning a pregnancy, then it is removed, and only then the woman is allowed to plan conception.
Reviews
According to some reviews, treatment without surgery of a multi-chamber ovarian cyst took place with the use of the drug "Dufaston". Women claim that after undergoing a course of therapy, the menstrual cycle returned to normal, the cyst came out along with the discharge during menstruation. Most likely, the choice of such a drug was due to a violation of the menstrual cycle, which led to the development of a cyst. Other women in reviews of a multi-chamber ovarian cyst and the treatment of the disease indicate the mandatory use of surgical intervention during therapy, since the risk of developing a cancerous tumor is very high.
Forecast and prevention
The prognosis of a multi-chamber cyst of the right ovary or the left will be favorable if it is timelydetection and treatment. Often the cyst is transformed into a cancerous tumor, so it is necessary to consult a doctor in time. In the absence of therapy, serious complications can develop, which can lead to death.
For the purpose of prevention, it is necessary to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases, as well as STDs, in a timely manner. Hormonal preparations should be used only as prescribed by a doctor. Long-term use is not recommended. It is important to lead a he althy lifestyle, exercise, eat right. Timely diagnosis and treatment of cysts will help maintain he alth and even life.
