With cysts formed on the ovaries, almost every woman faces during her life. The main cause of the pathology is hormonal failure. A luteal ovarian cyst may occasionally occur in a woman of reproductive age. Is this neoplasm dangerous for the patient's life and how to get rid of it? This will be discussed in the article.
Basic information about pathology
Luteal cyst is one of the types of functional benign formations on the ovaries. It is formed after the egg has left the follicle. At this point, the woman is ovulating. After that, a corpus luteum is formed from the remaining capsule of the follicle, which, if the outcome is favorable, will be responsible for the safety of the pregnancy. If conception did not happen in this cycle, then it simply resolves.
If there was a hormonal failure, then a cyst may grow in place of the corpus luteum. She inside will be expelledluteal cells. Fluid may accumulate in the cyst, this is normal. Most often, luteal neoplasms resolve on their own. This type of cyst is formed only in the 2nd half of the menstrual cycle. If a woman has one follicle, then the neoplasm will be the only one.
Cyst of the right or left ovary
Usually pathology does not cause a woman much discomfort. She may not even realize that in this cycle she has formed a luteal cyst. It does not matter which side the neoplasm appeared on, the course of the disease will be the same. The luteal cyst of the right ovary is somewhat more common. But the course of the disease does not depend on the location of the neoplasm, but on its size.
By the time of ovulation, with rare exceptions, more than 1 egg matures in a woman, so only 1 cyst is most often formed in 1 cycle. Even if the patient is sure that she has a neoplasm, its location can only be found out with the help of ultrasound. If a luteal cyst is suspected, the doctor will definitely send the woman for an ultrasound scan.
Reason for development
The appearance of a follicular luteal cyst is often caused by hormonal failure in the female body. Due to an imbalance, the ovaries begin to work incorrectly, because of this, a benign neoplasm occurs. The main reasons that provoke the development of luteal cysts:
- stress situations;
- overwork;
- abortion;
- high workloads;
- infections;
- inflammatory diseases;
- hormonal pathologies;
- heavily overweight;
- underweight;
- Choosing the wrong contraceptive method.
In some cases, neoplasms appear after taking medications. Some hormonal drugs stimulate ovulation, but at the same time greatly increase the risk of developing a luteal cyst of the left ovary or right. The use of oral contraceptives in some cases can also lead to the appearance of a neoplasm.
Symptoms
Most often, a woman does not even suspect that she is developing a luteal cyst. This growth usually causes no symptoms. The main cause of a luteal cyst is hormonal failure. The neoplasm develops in the second half of the cycle, and a woman can attribute unpleasant symptoms to the approaching menstruation.
Signs indicating the appearance of a luteal cyst:
- increased sensitivity of the mammary glands;
- late period;
- nausea;
- fatigue;
- drowsy;
- feeling of pressure in the ovary;
- pain.
In most cases, when a tumor appears, a woman does not feel any symptoms. Most often, a luteal cyst is accidentally found by a doctor during an ultrasound examination. Often, a small cyst does not manifest itself at all and soon resolves on its own.
Measurement of a benign neoplasm
Most often, luteal cysts are small, only occasionally they can reach 10 cm in diameter. But such large neoplasms are extremely rare. Small cysts usually do not give any symptoms, so they develop unnoticed by a woman. The patient's warning signs are noticed only with neoplasms more than 3 cm.
Rupture of a cyst
Sometimes a benign neoplasm bursts. Rupture of the luteal cyst may be associated with torsion of its legs or high physical exertion. At the moment when the neoplasm bursts, the fluid contained in it enters the woman's abdominal cavity. This is very dangerous, as the tissues of the internal organs become inflamed, which can even lead to the death of the patient.
Symptoms of a ruptured luteal cyst:
- sharp severe pain;
- raising the temperature;
- inability to straighten up;
- spasms of internal organs.
Sometimes not the benign neoplasm itself bursts, but only the vessels in it. If the released blood cannot break through the wall of the luteal cyst and flow into the abdominal cavity, then it will remain inside. This variant of the event is highly undesirable, since in this case a benign neoplasm can degenerate into oncology. Sometimes, against the background of a burst luteal cyst, uterine bleeding may begin.
Treatment
In the matter of getting rid of luteal cysts, doctors most often prefer conservativetherapy. An operative method of treatment is prescribed only in case of any complications. Conservative therapy must be approached comprehensively, it is very important that the patient comply with all medical prescriptions. Treatment for a luteal cyst includes:
- physiotherapy;
- drugs prescribed by a doctor;
- working on proper sleep and wake schedules;
- lifestyle change;
- get rid of bad habits.
If a woman has the opportunity, then it is desirable for her to undergo rehabilitation in a sanatorium. Since the most common cause of the development of a benign neoplasm is hormonal failure, the drugs prescribed by the doctor will have to be taken for a long time. Oral contraceptives "Yarina", "Zhanin", "Marvelon" have proven themselves well. In addition to hormonal drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed - Diclofenac, Ibuprofen. If necessary, the doctor prescribes painkillers, for example, Baralgin.
For prevention, a woman is recommended to reduce weight with a large body weight. I also recommend the patient to take vitamins and means to raise immunity. A visit to physiotherapy gives a good effect: electrophoresis, UHF, laser therapy.
Possible Complications
When luteal cysts occur, a woman should regularly visit a gynecologist. The doctor, if necessary, will prescribe treatment and explain how often you need to visit an ultrasound. No need to think that benign neoplasms are completely harmless - they can causecomplications. For example, the pedicle of the cyst may become twisted. Because of this, blood will stop flowing into the neoplasm, which will cause necrosis of the ovarian tissue.
Sometimes a cyst ruptures. This is very dangerous both for he alth and in general for the life of a woman. In this condition, the patient experiences severe pain. When a luteal cyst is ruptured, a woman is shown surgery. It is undesirable for inflammatory processes to occur in the neoplasm, this can also cause serious complications, up to the removal of the ovary.
Does a cyst affect life expectancy
This disease is not fatal. Serious consequences are possible only if, after a rupture of the luteal cyst or torsion of her legs, the woman does not seek qualified medical help. If the patient takes care of her he alth, then this disease will not affect her life expectancy.
But a luteal cyst can affect a woman's performance. Some patients noted that they became more lethargic and sleepy after the onset of the disease. Also, due to some unpleasant symptoms, a large luteal cyst can reduce a woman's quality of life.
Patient reviews of treatment
Most often, luteal cysts do not bother women, because the disease is usually asymptomatic. They are detected by doctors during a preventive ultrasound examination. Therefore, women should undergo this procedure at least once a year.
If the cyst is small, then doctorsit is usually recommended to use oral contraceptives for some time. They very rarely cause complications, so the treatment is easy and safe. After the disappearance of the cyst, you need to follow the doctor's recommendations and regularly visit the ultrasound room.
