Bleeding is a condition that can threaten a person's life. To eliminate them, hemostatic preparations have been created. The list of these medicines includes Dicinon. This is a prescription drug and should not be used on your own. Let's get acquainted with the instructions and side effects of Dicinon.
Dosage forms and composition
In pharmacies, Dicinon is offered in 2 dosage forms:
- as a solution for injection into muscles and veins;
- in the form of tablets for internal use.
Both dosage forms are based on etamsylate. This is the active ingredient in Dicinone, which has a hemostatic effect. In the human body, etamsylate leads to normal capillary permeability, has a stimulating effect on the formation of platelets, helps stop bleeding, reduce bleeding.
Also, the composition of "Dicinon" contains auxiliary components. The solution includes sodium disulfite, sodium bicarbonate, water for injection. The excipients in the tablets are corn starch, lactose, anhydrous citric acid, povidone and magnesium stearate.
Before using the medicine, it is necessary to take into account its composition, because the side effects of Dicinon occur due to its components. A patient who is aware of the presence of hypersensitivity to any of the above substances should tell the attending physician.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Etamsylate, which is the active ingredient in Dicinone, not only affects capillaries and platelet formation. It reduces the synthesis of prostaglandins. By the way, because of them, platelet disaggregation occurs in the body, the lumen of blood vessels and capillary permeability increase.
The active component of the drug has almost no effect on the composition of peripheral blood, its lipoproteins and proteins. It can only decrease the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Also, etamsylate does not cause vasoconstriction.
Pharmacokinetics depends on dosage form. When the solution is applied intravenously, the hemostatic effect of the drug begins to appear after about 5 minutes. The maximum effect occurs 1-2 hours after the introduction of the solution and lasts from 4 to 6 hours. Then the effect gradually weakens during the day. When the drug is injected into the muscle, the hemostatic effect begins in 30–60 minutes. After taking the tablet dosage form, it takes time for the drug to dissolve in the stomach, penetratethrough the mucous membrane into the bloodstream and spread throughout the body.
The active substance "Dicinon" is slightly metabolized in the body. A large proportion of the drug (approximately 80% of the applied dose) is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. And here the question arises: does Dicinon provoke side effects in those people who have impaired liver and kidney function? It is impossible to give an unequivocal answer here, since there are no results of relevant studies.
Indications and contraindications
Some indications are common for solution and tablets:
- operations (tablets are used before and after them);
- hematuria - the presence of blood in the urine (deviation from the norm);
- metrorrhagia - the appearance of uterine bleeding not associated with menstruation;
- menorrhagia in women using intrauterine contraceptives, primary menorrhagia is a violation of menstrual function, manifested by profuse and prolonged bleeding;
- bleeding gums;
- nosebleeds.
Pills can also be prescribed for vomiting of blood, black semi-liquid stools, which in medicine is called melena. Additional indications for the introduction of the solution are intracranial hemorrhages that occur in newborns and premature babies, diabetic microangiopathy.
In order not to face the side effects of Dicinon, you need to use the drug not only if there are indications, but also in the absence of contraindications. General contraindications for tablets and solution- acute porphyria, hemoblastosis in children, thrombosis, thromboembolism, hypersensitivity to components. Additionally, the solution must not be used for bronchial asthma (with confirmed sensitivity to sodium sulfite). Additional contraindications for tablets - lactose intolerance, lack of lactase, malabsorption of glucose / galactose.
Adult doses
For the solution, the optimal daily dose is set within 10–20 mg per 1 kg of body weight. This amount of medication is usually divided into 3-4 doses. For some situations, specific doses have been established. For example, 1 hour before surgery for preventive purposes, doctors inject 250-500 mg of medication (1-2 ampoules) to their patients either intravenously or intramuscularly. During surgical interventions, the dose is repeated. Its method of administration is intravenously. After surgery, patients are given 250–500 mg of the drug again every 4–6 hours. Stop using the solution after the disappearance of the risk of bleeding.
Another method of application of the solution has been established for the diagnosis of "diabetic microangiopathy". In the presence of such a disease, Dicinon is administered retrobulbar or subconjunctival. The prescribed dose is half an ampoule.
Solid dosage form prescribed:
- 1 hour before surgery - 1 or 2 tablets;
- after surgery - 1 or 2 tablets every 4-6 hours;
- to stop any bleeding - 2 tablets every 8-12 hours with some water or food.
Use in childhood
Dicinon solution and tablets can be used in childhood if indicated. The recommended dosage is a 50% reduced adult dose. It is important to bear in mind that tablets are contraindicated in children under 3 years of age. From the age of 12, adolescents weighing more than 40 kg can be prescribed tablets in the same doses as adults.
The solution is allowed to appoint newborn babies. Specifically for this category of patients, the recommended dose is 10 mg per 1 kg of body weight. Therapy begins within the first 2 hours after birth. Then the administration of the drug is repeated every 6 hours. Duration of treatment - 4 days.
Use for menstrual irregularities
It has already been noted above that a hemostatic drug can be used for menorrhagia. For women with this problem, Dicinon has a positive effect. It shortens the duration of menstruation, i.e. normalizes menstrual function. Also, the drug eliminates metrorrhagia - bleeding that can be mistaken for menstruation, but in fact they are not.
In the treatment of metro- and menorrhagia, any dosage form of Dicinon can be used. The solution is administered either intravenously or intramuscularly. A single dose is 250 mg. It is administered every 6-8 hours. The course of treatment is 5-10 days. Therapy with tablets is carried out for the same period of time. They need to drink 2 pieces three times a day to normalize the menstrual cycle. "Dicinon" side effects associated with menstruation are notcauses when applied correctly.
What is important for pregnant and lactating women to know
No specialist will say what consequences, side effects "Dicinon" during pregnancy can cause. There are no clinical data confirming the safety of the drug. But it should be borne in mind that various bleeding is a manifestation of dangerous complications and conditions. They require emergency treatment. For this reason, Dicinon can be prescribed. The manufacturer allows the use of this hemostatic agent in cases where the expected benefit outweighs the potential risk.
Also no studies have been conducted on the penetration of the active substance into breast milk. With lactating women who have indications for the use of Dicinon, the issue of stopping breastfeeding for the period of treatment is necessarily resolved.
Side effects
The use of the drug in the form of a solution does not always bring a positive result. Often due to "Dicinon" side effects in children and adults. The list of the most common unwanted effects includes:
- heaviness in the epigastric region;
- nausea;
- skin rash;
- headache;
- fatigue.
Slightly less common are side effects from Dicinon, such as flushing of the skin of the face, dizziness, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, arthralgia, fever, paresthesia of the lower extremities, and allergic reactions. Particular attention should be paid to the lastunwanted effect. Allergic reactions can provoke not only the active substance of the drug, but also auxiliary components. For example, sodium sulfite can cause nausea, diarrhea, asthma attacks, anaphylactic shock, manifested by generalized itching, difficulty breathing, hypoxia, convulsions. With side effects, Dicinon is canceled.
There is another undesirable consequence. With parenteral administration of the drug, blood pressure can significantly decrease. This needs to be taken into account when treating patients suffering from hypotension.
Reviews about Dicinone, side effects
Specialists speak positively about Dicinone. According to them, the drug has several advantages. First, it is available in 2 dosage forms. In some cases, it is more correct to use a solution, and in others - tablets. Secondly, Dicinon is available in every pharmacy and is affordable. Thirdly, it effectively copes with various types of bleeding. Doctors also warn that this drug should only be used as prescribed by a specialist.
Patients also very often praise the drug. In their reviews, they talk about successful treatment. Some, with the help of Dicinon, restore normal menstrual function, others stop nosebleeds, others recover without any problems in the postoperative period.
Negative opinions of peopleare formed, as a rule, for the reason that the drug did not suit them. Patients in reviews of the side effects of Dicinon complain, for example, of the appearance of a rash, abdominal pain. No one talks about a strong deterioration in well-being, because when the drug is discontinued, all side effects quickly disappear.
