The drug is considered a calcium antagonist, due to which it has a pharmacological effect. Diltiazem is used in cardiology to eliminate various heart diseases. Producer "Diltiazem" - "Alkaloid AD" Republic of Macedonia.
Issue form
The drug is available in tablet form for oral use. The main active ingredient is the substance of the same name. Its concentration in one tablet is 60 and 90 milligrams. "Diltiazem" is packaged in blisters of 10 pieces.
Pharmacological properties
The main component of the drug reduces the intake of calcium by blocking the protein calcium channels of its plasma membrane. Due to the spectrum of action, it has a number of pharmacological effects, which include:
- Antianginal action - reducing the intensity of pain in the heart by increasing blood flow in its capillaries and reducing the need of the heart muscle for oxygen and nutrients.
- Due to antiarrhythmic effectthe implementation of the nerve impulse through the atrioventricular node is reduced.
- Hypotensive action - the active substance lowers blood pressure by reducing the tone of vascular smooth muscles and expanding their lumen.
In addition, long-acting Diltiazem has an effect on the smooth muscles of the walls of hollow organs.
According to the instructions for use, it is known that after taking the drug orally, the active ingredient is almost completely absorbed into the general circulation from the lumen of the small intestine. It spreads evenly throughout all tissues of the body, enters the body of the fetus during pregnancy and milk during lactation.
Indications for the use of Diltiazem
The use of the drug is indicated for heart diseases, which include:
- An attack of angina pectoris (a clinical syndrome that is a feeling of squeezing, burning and pain behind the chest).
- Hypertension (a pathological process of the cardiovascular system, which develops as a result of disruption of the higher centers of vascular regulation, as well as neurohumoral and renal mechanisms, and leading to arterial hypertension, functional and organic changes in the heart, central nervous system and kidneys).
- diabetic retinopathy
- Paroxysmalsupraventricular tachycardia (a sharp increase in the number of heart contractions per unit of time, at which the correctness of their rhythm is maintained).
- Atrial fibrillation or flutter (one of the types of tachycardia, when the atria contract at a high speed - more than two hundred times per minute, but the contraction of the whole heart remains correct).
- Extrasystole (a variant of cardiac arrhythmia, characterized by extraordinary contractions of the whole heart or its individual parts).
In addition, "Diltiazem" can be used in the combined treatment of hypertension.
When should medicine not be taken?
Contraindications to "Diltiazem" include the following conditions:
- Individual intolerance.
- Arterial hypotension (a long-term condition of the body, which is characterized by low blood pressure and various autonomic disorders).
- Chronic heart failure.
- Cardiogenic shock (extreme left ventricular failure, characterized by a sharp decrease in myocardial contractility).
- Severe sinus bradycardia (a type of arrhythmia in which the heart rate does not exceed 60 beats per minute).
- Weakness of the atrial region of the heart, which generates an impulse and regulates normal cardiac activity.
- Atrial fibrillation paroxysms (the most commonand a dangerous kind of irregular heart rhythm).
- Pregnancy.
- Laun-Ganong-Levin Syndrome (a condition in which the heart's ventricles depolarize too early, causing them to partially contract prematurely).
- Breastfeeding.
With extreme caution, the drug is used by people with a failure in the implementation of a nerve impulse through the intraventricular conduction system, as well as retirement and childhood. Before therapy with Diltiazem, you should make sure that there are no restrictions.
How to use the medicine?
According to the instructions for use for Diltiazem 90 mg, it is known that the tablets are taken orally whole, without chewing and with water.
The average pharmacological concentration of the drug is 30 milligrams three times a day.
If necessary, the dosage of Diltiazem can be increased, but it should not be more than 240 mg per day. The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor on an individual basis.
Side effects
According to the instructions for use, it is known that the use of the drug can lead to negative reactions from various organs and systems:
- Dry mouth.
- Nausea.
- Gagging.
- Unstable stool.
- Increased appetite.
- Arrhythmias
- Decrease in bloodpressure.
- Severe bradycardia (a symptom that accompanies many cardiac and some non-cardiac diseases and is characterized by a decrease in the heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute).
- Tachycardia (a sharp increase in heart rate, a sign of serious disorders).
- Atrioventricular block until the heart stops (a type of heart block, indicating a violation of the conduction of an electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles).
- Thrombocytopenia (a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of platelets below 150⋅109/l, accompanied by increased bleeding and problems stopping bleeding).
- Migraine (a primary form of headache characterized by intermittent attacks of moderate to severe headache).
- Dizziness.
- Anxiety.
What other negative reactions can the drug cause?
According to the instructions for use, the side effects of Diltiazem are known to be:
- Paresthesia (a type of sensory disorder characterized by spontaneous sensations of burning, tingling, crawling).
- Depressive disorders.
- Ataxia (partial or complete loss of coordination of voluntary muscle movements).
- Parkinsonism (a neurological syndrome characterized by a number of symptoms: tremor, steady increase in muscle tone, uniform muscle resistance in all phases of passive movement).
- Hand tremor.
- Galactorrhea(pathology associated with the release of milk or colostrum from the nipples, which has nothing to do with the process of breastfeeding a baby).
- Shambling walk.
- Erythema multiforme exudative (acute inflammatory process affecting the dermatological integuments and mucous membranes).
- Impaired vision.
- Hyperemia of the skin of the face.
- Hypercreatininemia (increased blood levels of creatinine).
- Skin rashes and itching.
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome (acute toxic-allergic disease, the main characteristic of which are rashes on the skin and mucous membranes).
- Asystole (one of the types of circulatory arrest, which is characterized by the cessation of contractions in different parts of the heart).
- Allergic arthritis (an inflammatory benign lesion of the joints, which appears as a reaction of the body to various antigens, and has a reversible nature of the lesion).
According to reviews of Diltiazem, it is known that the appearance of severe manifestations in the form of anaphylaxis has not been recorded today.
High concentrations of the drug may cause pulmonary edema, as well as peripheral soft tissue edema and weight gain.
Features
According to the instructions for use for Diltiazem 90 mg, it is known that before therapy, you should carefully read the annotation to the medication. There are a number of guidelines that you need to pay attention to, to themrefer to:
- Sudden withdrawal of the drug can lead to an angina attack in the form of angina pectoris and severe pressing pain in the heart area.
- It is impossible to combine the drug with beta-blockers, as this can lead to an increase in the pharmacological effect and the appearance of side effects.
- "Diltiazem" interacts with a large number of drugs from other therapeutic groups, so the doctor should be warned about this when using them.
- With extreme caution use "Diltiazem" for kidney and liver disease, in children and people of retirement age.
- It is impossible to carry out work that involves increased attention.
Pills are dispensed in pharmacies only by prescription from a medical specialist.
Analogues of "Diltiazem"
Generics similar in their active ingredient and pharmacological effect are:
- "Diazem".
- "Diacordin".
- "Cardil".
- "Aldizem".
- "Blocalcin".
- "Dilren".
- "Silden".
- "Tiakem".
Before replacing Diltiazem with an analogue, it is recommended to consult a doctor.
Interaction
Combination with "Quinidine", as well as beta-blockers, cardiac glycosides and antiarrhythmic drugsis considered dangerous, as it provokes a decrease in the contractility of the heart muscle, a slowdown in atrioventricular conduction, and excessive bradycardia.
According to the instructions for use, it is known that Diltiazem can increase the bioavailability of Propranolol. The drug increases the level of "Cyclosporin", "Digoxin". In relation to general painkillers, there is an increase in cardiodepressive effects. At what price can Diltiazem be purchased?
How to store medicine?
The shelf life of the drug is 24 months from the date of manufacture. The drug should be kept in a dry, dark place.
The drug should be stored at an air temperature of no more than twenty-five degrees Celsius. The price of Diltiazem varies from 70 to 300 rubles.
Opinions
Reviews about "Diltiazem" confirm its increased effectiveness when used in people who suffer from angina pectoris, as well as coronary heart disease, hypertension and various arrhythmias. But there are negative opinions about the drug associated with its side effects.
Reviews of "Diltiazem" indicate that the drug is actively used most often in cardiac pathology, where it has proven itself excellently. Patients report that the drug has significantly improved their he alth.
According to the responses of medical specialists, the medicine is often used as a preventive measure to prevent a heart attack andangina. The drug and its dosage must be prescribed by a doctor.
Reviews of "Diltiazem" indicate that in most situations it effectively reduces blood pressure and has a positive effect on the he alth of people with diseases of the cardiovascular system.
People who have posted on medical forums have reported that the drug causes side effects such as dry mouth and nausea. But in general, reviews of the drug are positive.
At the same time, reviews of Diltiazem still indicate that the medicine may not be suitable for all patients who suffer from hypertension. Therefore, initially it is necessary to consult a specialist.
