Cysts are called benign formations that contain fluid inside. They can be found in most human organs. A seemingly safe education can sometimes become dangerous, turning into cancer.
For this reason, doctors keep such patients under strict control. Cysts are treatable, and if this does not happen, then they are removed surgically. Solitary kidney cysts in medical practice occur in 10% of the total population. Consider the features of such formations.
Characteristics of the disease
In modern medicine, a cyst is any cavity that has walls of relatively he althy cells. Its dimensions may vary. It is typical for benign kidney formations to have a different size - from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Place of localization - the upper or lower part of the renal segment.
The term "solitary" refers to single cysts. Solitary cysts of the kidneysare called simple. Their shape is round, sometimes elongated (resembling an oval). Such formations do not have connections or constrictions. Inside is serous fluid.
The disease affects men more often. Basically, there is a solitary cyst of the left kidney, less often the right. It is easily diagnosed by ultrasound.
Classification
Simple kidney cysts are divided into:
- congenital;
- purchased.
Depending on the location of the kidney cyst, the solitary may be:
- cortical (located in the cortical layer);
- subcapsular (located under the organ capsule);
- intraparenchymal (located in the thickness of the organ tissue);
- sinus (located close to the pelvis, but does not connect to it);
- multilocular (has many chambers, but this type of cyst is quite rare).
Development principle
Acquired and congenital cysts have the same mechanism of development: they are based on blockage of the tubule, which leads to its stretching. If we talk about congenital pathology, then the connection between the forming tubules can be broken even during the intrauterine development of the fetus. The acquired cyst develops due to a violation of the outflow of urine through the tubule. This violation is provoked by various diseases that a person suffers throughout life.
Reasons
Medical science, although it does not stand still, is not yet exactly ready to answer the question: “Why are solitarykidney cysts? There are only assumptions from which they are repelled.
One of the reasons is a congenital anomaly. Even during the period of intrauterine development, some disturbances occur in the formation of the ureters and kidneys, which provoke the formation of a simple cyst.
If we talk about an acquired cyst, then the main reasons for its appearance are:
- any kidney injury;
- violation of the outflow of urine due to urolithiasis (stones do not allow urine to exit normally);
- infectious diseases of the kidneys (some of them are silent, without causing any suspicious symptoms).
Stagnation of urine for any reason leads to stretching of the walls of the kidney, resulting in the formation of cysts. They can develop quickly, but the person does not feel anything.
Signs
Often a solitary kidney cyst develops asymptomatically for many years. It is discovered by chance when a person is given an ultrasound of the internal organs. If signs already appear, then in such cases, inflammation of the kidneys and at the same time the resulting cyst are diagnosed. Symptoms depend on the size of the cyst as well as comorbidities.
Key features:
- When a cystic formation increases, it causes a person to have aching and pulling pains in the lower back (on the side where there is a cyst in the kidney), which tend to intensify after physical exertion. The same symptoms occur with any infectious kidney disease.
- When the cyst reaches largesizes, this leads to stagnation of urine. As a result, the inflammatory process intensifies, which is accompanied by an increase in body temperature. A person feels severe pain in the lower back, lower abdomen, he is shivering. The excreted urine changes its consistency, becomes cloudy.
- A solitary kidney cyst is usually not accompanied by suppuration, but there are cases when an attached infection provokes the formation of pus. As a result, a person becomes ill, pains are localized not only in the lower back, but also spread to the stomach. The pain is very intense.
- If the amount of urine excreted has decreased significantly, or urination has completely stopped, then this is a signal for an immediate visit to the doctor. Also, one of the dangerous symptoms is the appearance of blood impurities in urine.
- On the side where there is a cyst, swelling can be felt. But this is not always a 100% guarantee of the presence of a kidney cyst, sometimes such a symptom indicates a true kidney tumor.
A solitary cyst in the right kidney causes the same symptoms as a cyst in the left kidney.
Important
Solitary kidney cysts and arterial hypertension are interrelated. Renal AD is one of the symptoms of a kidney tumor.
Examination
This disease is de alt with by a urologist. Initially, the doctor must find out from the patient all the symptoms that disturb him when they occur. The doctor studies the history of all diseases that a person has suffered throughout his life. To make an accurate diagnosis, the patient is assigned an examination.
Basicdiagnostic methods:
- complete blood count;
- examination of urine for various indicators;
- Ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder;
- x-ray;
- CT and MRI;
- percutaneous puncture cystography.
Treatment
Comprehensive examination helps to get a complete picture, as well as to choose the necessary variant of drug therapy. Sometimes the patient refuses treatment, because education in the kidney does not bring him any discomfort, does not interfere with leading a full life. But the doctor is obliged to explain to the person about the risk of developing complications, which are very dangerous. If the treatment of a solitary kidney cyst is not started on time, then this threatens to rupture or suppurate it. Therefore, it is so important to follow all the recommendations and prescriptions of the doctor.
Drug therapy
If a patient is diagnosed with a solitary cyst of the left kidney, its treatment, as well as cysts of the right kidney, should be started immediately. First of all, the patient is prescribed drugs that reduce blood pressure, as well as relieve inflammation. From taking such funds, a person feels relieved, because blood circulation in the kidneys improves, and the process of urine outflow is also getting better.
When a bacterial infection is attached, antibiotics are required. Such appointments are possible when the size of the cyst does not exceed 5 mm. The patient is under constant observation. Also, drugs are selected for each individual, taking into account the general state of he alth andcomorbidities.
Surgery
The operation is indicated in cases where the cyst begins to grow or has already reached a large size, significantly worsens the state of he alth, the functioning of the urinary system. Surgical intervention is performed depending on the situation, the location of the cyst (with a deep location of the formation, the kidney will be completely removed).
Main indications for surgery:
- severe pain in a patient that radiates to the stomach and significantly impairs the quality of life;
- large cyst size (over 4-5 cm), even if the organ is working to its full potential;
- full functioning of the kidney is impaired;
- urine became cloudy;
- there is blood in the urine;
- rare urination;
- the cyst grows in size, which threatens to transform it into cancer;
- The cyst was caused by parasites.
Methods used to remove the cyst:
- Puncture. The fluid that is in the cyst is pumped out, and a special drug is injected in its place. It affects the tissues in such a way that the cyst decreases in size and at the same time sticks together.
- Laparoscopy. This is one of the newest and most effective methods. Small incisions are made in the abdominal cavity, through which special devices are inserted, with the help of which the formation is removed.
- Standard operation. It is used in cases where the size of the cyst reaches a large size or there aresuppuration.
Traditional medicine
Solitary kidney cysts are not treated exclusively by traditional medicine. They go as an adjunct to drug therapy. It is important that a person does not self-medicate, but consults with a doctor about the possibility of using this or that method. After all, sometimes at first glance, harmless herbs sometimes cause irreparable harm to he alth (the cyst may burst).
Popular traditional medicines that have a positive effect on kidney function:
- parsley decoction;
- fresh burdock leaf juice;
- decoction of burdock rhizome;
- decoction of rosehip root.
Now, in general terms, it is clear what a solitary kidney cyst is. Everyone should know the causes and treatment of such a pathology, because no one is immune from such a benign formation. And in order to prevent the development of complications, rupture of the cyst, it is necessary to determine it in time. To do this, it is enough to do an ultrasound of the kidneys at least once a year, and also consult a doctor at the first suspicious symptoms.
