How to treat joint dysplasia, cervix - issues faced by people of all ages. If the pathological condition of the organs of the reproductive system is characteristic of women, then the joints can suffer both in children and in older people, regardless of gender. Consider in turn the dysplasia of the reproductive and musculoskeletal systems.
Women's troubles: general information
If the doctor has finally formulated the diagnosis, confirming cervical dysplasia, how it is treated (grade 1, 2, 3), he will tell you immediately at the appointment. Pathology should not be confused with erosion: although the etiology is close, the therapeutic course is significantly different. Uterine dysplasia is one of the precancerous conditions of the epithelial layer, but the likelihood of malignancy is relatively small, so you should not panic as soon as you hear the diagnosis. Pathology can be completely and completely cured if you start to deal with it in time, under the supervision of a specialist.
Beforeto figure out how to treat uterine dysplasia, what it is, how dangerous it is, you should turn to basic anatomy. The uterine cervix is covered with an epithelial cell layer, divided into several successive layers. First is the basal, then parabasal, middle, superior. If the sequence of layering is violated, dysplasia begins. The degrees are divided into three types: easy, medium and flowing hard.
Categories and features
The first degree of dysplasia is diagnosed if studies show the presence of polymorphic cells with an incorrect structure of the nucleus and an incorrect ratio of the volumes of the nucleus and cytoplasm. You will have to figure out how to treat grade 1 dysplasia if differentiation in the third, deepest part of the squamous epithelial layer is disrupted in the cell layer. At the same time, cell differentiation in the two upper layers is anatomically correct.
The second degree of the pathological condition is diagnosed when atypical cells and numerous divisions are detected in the lower half of the epithelium layer, while the upper half remains normal.
The doctor will tell you how to treat cervical dysplasia of the third degree, if the tests show the presence of atypical cells in 2/3 of the epithelium layer. This condition is most associated with the risk of cancer. Cancer is diagnosed when all epithelial layers are structurally disrupted.
Causes and consequences
It is customary to talk about internal and external factors that increase the risk of pathologicalstates. You may have to figure out how to treat stage 2 dysplasia, first or third, for women infected with HPV, herpes simplex viruses. There is a danger of developing dysplasia against the background of other infectious diseases transmitted through the reproductive tract. Internal factors include chronic pathologies that affect the genitourinary system, the small pelvis. There are certain risks associated with a violation of the hormonal background and a decrease in the immune status. A combination of internal and external factors is possible.
Research on the causes and risks, the nuances of how to treat cervical dysplasia, as well as the analysis of the dangers associated with the disease, showed that from half to 80% of patients suffering from the condition in question are infected with HPV. As a rule, 16, 18 types were identified - that is, those associated with the greatest risk of degeneration of cellular structures.
How to notice?
It is rather difficult to suspect that it is already necessary to find out how to treat cervical dysplasia of the 1st degree - at first there are no or practically no specific symptoms. There may be mild soreness in the lower abdomen, but this usually accompanies an advanced case. Also, as you progress, the risk of blood-containing secretions increases. Such symptoms are disturbing if dysplasia has been progressing for more than a year.
Usually, pathology is detected as part of a preventive examination or when examining a woman who has applied for a different reason. It is not at all necessary that everyone will have to learn from their own experience how to treat cervical dysplasiauterus of the 1st degree: the disease can be prevented if you monitor your he alth, visit the doctor regularly, and lead an adequate lifestyle. If cytology results indicate dysplasia, in-depth tests should be performed to determine the presence of underlying diseases.
If dysplasia is combined with other he alth disorders of the reproductive organs, the condition may manifest itself as discharge, itching of the skin. It is necessary to undergo tests to determine the causative agent of infection, after which - a course with the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, focusing on the characteristics of the case.
What to do?
After taking all the necessary tests and confirming the specifics of the case, the doctor will explain how to treat dysplasia (grade 1, 2nd or 3rd - all forms can be treated). The therapeutic course largely depends on previous and current uterine pathologies: cervicitis, erosion, viral invasion. Sometimes dysplasia is the only and independent condition. The selection of the course is based on the results of colposcopy and the level of severity of the condition, the age of the patient, the activity of her reproductive system, the localization of the pathological process and the nuances of the anatomical structure in a particular case.
With a mild form, the most sparing course is practiced. The doctor, telling how to treat dysplasia, will explain: it is enough to use a special device for local treatment of areas. Sometimes a wait-and-see strategy is recommended. You can use the wave method.
Expectant is due to the fact that approximately one to two women out of every three patientsuterine lesions regress on their own. Having chosen such a tactic, a woman is registered and preventive examinations are done monthly or a little less often (four times a year). When a focus of inflammation is detected, local agents are selected to inhibit its activity, and measures to prevent cell proliferation are also proposed. Assign hormonal compositions to control the monthly cycle. If this approach does not give the desired result in a quarter of the year, they move on to a more radical treatment option.
Medicines against pathology
Formulating recommendations on how to treat dysplasia, the doctor will select the appropriate therapeutic course for the patient. The most useful are retinoids that control cell proliferation and activate killers. Under their influence, cytotoxic cell structures become more active, which helps to control dysplasia.
The previously used podophyllin and trichloroacetic acid show a relatively low level of effectiveness. These drugs are not currently used, although their effectiveness against atypical cellular mitosis is estimated at approximately 86%.
A much more effective option is 5-Fluorouracil. Explaining how to treat dysplasia, the doctor will draw attention to the similarity of the course with the fight against flat papillomas. The drug is used in the form of an ointment, it treats the diseased areas of the uterine cervix. The course lasts two weeks, the frequency of application is twice a day.
Interferon is recommended to increase lymphocytic activity. Growing under his influencethe content of immunoglobulins in the body, viral activity and pathological proliferation are inhibited. Interferon is usually recommended in the form of injections or for topical application - ointments and gels are available. The drug is used for 20 days, the frequency per day is up to 4 times.
Surgeons come to the rescue
Remedial Therapists also know how to treat dysplasia. Damage in the cervical canal in depth can reach almost 8 mm, although the average size is 3.5 mm. With tissue destruction up to a depth of three millimeters, in 95% of cases, the disease can be completely eliminated. In 99% success is achievable with a four-millimeter impact.
The method with liquid nitrogen has proven itself well. This is suitable for mild pathology and moderate severity, it gives the best results if the focus of degeneration is no more than 3 cm. In severe form, cryodestruction is possible, although it is not among the methods of choice. The exposure of the procedure is up to 10 minutes, two stages of exposure to the tissues are necessary. The method is not recommended if, after the event, the patient will not be able to undergo histological control, as well as if half the length of the uterine cervix and a larger size is affected.
Radio wave method and surgery
Considered one of the best for fighting uterine dysplasia. Before the procedure, it is necessary to fully examine the condition of the woman, to exclude infection, including hepatitis viruses. The pelvis is checked with ultrasound, tissue samples are obtained from the cervix for biopsy. To identify the boundaries of the diseased area, areas of the uterustreated with Lugol's solution.
Radio wave therapy can only be used when screening completely excludes cancer. The procedure can only be performed by a doctor with specialized medical education.
When determining the third degree of severity, the therapeutic course is chosen by a group of doctors - an oncogynecologist is involved. It is possible to remove the uterine cervix using a technology named after Sturmdorf. This is necessary if the prolapse of the organ, cervical elongation is detected. This is recommended for patients over 50 years of age, with a minimal risk of atrophic processes, conization. Surgery is indicated for severe dysplasia and failure of milder treatment options.
Terms and Conditions
Women under the age of forty, if middle-level dysplasia is detected, radio wave treatment is recommended. With a large ectropion, cervical deformity, as well as at the age of 45 years and above, it is reasonable to resort to diathermoelectroexcision or tissue removal. If a tumor process is detected, removal of the uterus is indicated.
When choosing treatment for dysplasia, you need to remember: the disease can be combined with the initial form of cancer. This requires a cone-shaped excision. An alternative option is cervical amputation. For patients aged 45 years and older, organ-sparing surgery is almost impossible, so hysterectomy is indicated.
Articular diseases
Sometimes parents have to figure out how to treat dysplasia in a child. This disease differs significantly from the one described above, it affectship joints. The therapeutic course will drag on for several months or years, and the baby will have to go through a lot of therapeutic measures. In many ways, the success of treatment is determined by the perseverance and responsibility of the parents.
The disease is detected if the development of the hip joint is disturbed. Cases of this pathology are observed in different countries of the world. The disease is congenital, detected in the first months of life, but occasionally diagnosed in older people. As a rule, in this case, dysplasia occurs against the background of an injury or irresponsible, poor-quality treatment of a congenital pathology.
The disease is diagnosed on average in 2% of newborns, but the rate is significantly higher for cold areas - up to 5%. The left side of the body is more often affected, less often the right or both. The initial correction measures are chosen by the doctor. He is also responsible for explaining to parents how to treat hip dysplasia.
Therapy and its absence
Choosing how to treat hip dysplasia in a particular case, the doctor will select suitable gymnastic activities and teach parents how to massage the child. It is also shown to use stirrups. A conservative approach requires a long time, but it helps to exclude surgery, avoid negative consequences, complications.
If dysplasia is not treated, subluxation is formed over time, then dislocation. In the absence of medical assistance, gait suffers, in the future a person will suffer from pain. In addition to the hip, the joints of the knees and ankle can be affected. A sick person walks clubfoot and unsteadily, he is worried about soreness of the limbs.
Dysplasia does not go away on its own. Timely clarification of the diagnosis, the choice of appropriate treatment and responsible adherence to the course developed by the doctor allow you to cope with the disease. True, you need to understand: although doctors know how to treat hip dysplasia in children, all these methods require a lot of time and patience. No one will provide instant help.
Where to start?
Doctors, knowing well how to treat hip dysplasia in children, can choose the best option for a therapeutic program. As a rule, the minimum period of procedures is six months, sometimes the treatment is extended for a couple of years. If you do not complete the course to the end, in the future the condition will certainly worsen.
If the case is relatively simple, which is confirmed by the results of ultrasound, massage, physiotherapy is enough. The immature area will gradually begin to develop normally. With type 2b disease, stirrups are indispensable. This code denotes a pathology that requires orthopedic correction. In its absence, the likelihood of severe complications is high. In rare cases, the intervention of a surgeon is necessary, the main percentage of patients undergoing conservative treatment.
At the third degree of dislocation, a closed reduction may be recommended, after which a cast will have to be used for some time. The approach is practiced for the age group 2-5 years. The duration of stay in the bandage is from six months or more. If the patient is older than five years of age, closed reductionbecomes difficult or impossible, the only option is open intervention.
What will help?
The classic version of orthopedic devices prescribed for dysplasia is Pavlik's stirrups. The use of an elastic material in the manufacture of the product makes it possible to obtain a plastic product that gives the patient freedom of movement, but does not allow the limbs to be fully extended. In addition, due to the stirrups, the child widely spreads his legs. The device allows you to bend your knees, turn on your side, stomach. Over time, the child adapts to crawl, sit in such stirrups.
Holding the legs with bent knees for a long time is not easy, unconsciously a person spreads the limbs, which gradually corrects the subluxation. The child gets used to the stirrups so much that he maintains this position of the legs even in the absence of a device - for example, while washing. Sometimes the period of wearing stirrups is accompanied by delayed psychomotor development, but after the refusal of the adaptation, the problem exhausts itself. A sick child later learns to lie down on his stomach and return to the position on the back, but this is not a serious difficulty.
Duration of use of stirrups - a quarter of a year or more. Specific terms depend on the severity of the pathological condition, complications. Before removal, an ultrasound examination is necessary. If the result is doubtful, the condition of the joints is checked by X-ray.
Children demand attention
Doctors urge not to help the child sit until the baby learns to do it himself. This is especially important in the case of dysplasia. Forcing a child to sit while they are still too small will adversely affect the formation of joints, as well as put unnecessary stress on the spinal column.
With simple dysplasia, it is often enough to use a special pillow - you can do without stirrups. For its production, a dense material is used to help keep the hips divorced. Visually, the pillow looks like panties. Tires shown for more severe conditions.
Various help
To stimulate the development of the joint and restore its normal functionality, it is necessary to regularly massage the child, bring him to physiotherapy exercises. Such measures are common in rehabilitation courses for all pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, and are especially effective after the stage of using orthopedic devices. As a result of the course, the baby learns to spread the legs correctly, muscle tone returns to normal, blood flow is activated.
Both massage and gymnastics are practiced strictly under the supervision of a doctor. Duration of treatment - from 10 procedures and more. Between repetitions of the course, monthly breaks are recommended. Parents should practice simple exercises with their child at home that help the child relax muscle tissue and ligaments.
