It so happened that most adults and fairly educated people believe that the concept of "vaccination" can only apply to children. False, vaccination in adulthood is just as relevant as in childhood.
ADSM - what is it
The letters ADSM are familiar to us from childhood. What does ADSM-vaccination mean? The decoding for adults and children of the intended vaccine is the same. The abbreviation "ADS" means "Diphtheria-Stutanus Toxoid", the letter "M" means "small", that is, a vaccine with a reduced number of antigens.
ADSM is a vaccine given against tetanus and diphtheria. ADSM vaccine is just as necessary for adults as for children, it protects against tetanus and diphtheria. The vaccine consists of purified, adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. Purified toxoid is processed, that is, weakened toxins of the pathogen, weakened just enough so as not to harm the human body and at the same time retain the ability to stimulate the production of immunity.
Mechanism of actionADSM
Vaccination of ADSM to adults introduces weakened tetanus and diphtheria toxins into the body, retaining their immunogenic properties. Toxins cause the body to produce specific antibodies in response to their presence. They will subsequently destroy the pathogens of diphtheria and tetanus.
Figuratively speaking, vaccination is in some way similar to an erased, abortive, form of an infectious disease that does not pose a threat to the life and he alth of the vaccinator, but develops a stable protective mechanism for many years.
Indications for vaccination with ADSM
The ADSM vaccine is administered to adults every ten years of life, namely ten years after the previous vaccination, regardless of the age at which they are at the time of vaccination, and so on until death.
If the vaccination regimen was violated and the last vaccination was administered more than 20 years ago, a person is vaccinated twice, that is, once again after an additional 40 days.
In the case when an adult is generally vaccinated for the first time in his life, the vaccine is administered three times. Re-vaccination of ADSM in adults initially vaccinated patients is prescribed 40 days after the first, and the third time the vaccine is administered only a year after the second.
Besides this, there is an emergency ADSM vaccination. It is given to trauma patients with contaminated wounds, if the previous vaccination was more than five years old.
Elderly people especially need revaccination of ADSM, as they have a weakened immune systemand increased susceptibility to infections. They should not be neglected ADSM, referring to the presence of severe underlying diseases. In this case, the presence of a chronic course is an absolute indication for revaccination.
Contraindications for ADSM vaccination
There are conditions under which the ADSM vaccine is not given. Contraindications in adults refer to unvaccinated patients with severe immunodeficiency diseases, allergies to the components of the drug, hyperreaction to previous vaccination. ADSM vaccination is deferred in women during pregnancy and lactation. It is also postponed for two weeks from the moment of recovery in patients with acute respiratory diseases.
ADSM vaccination method
Anatoxin ADSM looks like a whitish suspension, it separates during storage into a clear liquid and sediment flakes. Therefore, before opening, the toxoid ampoule must be vigorously shaken until the suspension is completely homogenized.
Often, disputes flare up on the net about where adults are vaccinated with ADSM. In disputes, sometimes notes of bewilderment are heard as to why one was vaccinated under the shoulder blade, and the other - in the buttock.
Anatoxin ADSM can be administered intramuscularly and in the upper-outer gluteal quadrant, and in the anterior-outer part of the middle third of the thigh, and under the shoulder blade. Single dose of toxoid - 0.5 ml.
Given the possibility of developing hyperallergic reactions of the immediate type, the vaccinators are monitored in the office for half an hour after the injection. Vaccination rooms should be equipped with anti-shock medical kits.
Vaccination instructions
The following rules are strictly followed when vaccinating.
Vaccination must be done with strictly sterile disposable syringes. Mixing of different vaccines is not allowed. Any vaccine other than BCG can be administered at the same time as ADSM, but each is administered with different syringes to different areas of the body.
Before vaccination, you must carefully examine the ampoule in order to make sure that it is suitable. The vaccine in ampoules with visible signs of damage, erased labeling, with obvious changes in its contents is not suitable for use. Be sure to check the expiration date of the drug, compliance with storage conditions.
The vaccination procedure is carried out in full compliance with the requirements of asepsis and antisepsis. The opened ampoule is completely used and cannot be stored. Information about the serial number, date of production and date of vaccination is entered in the registration book along with the passport data of the vaccinator.
Side effects
How difficult is the ADSM vaccine for adults? Reviews on the network about discomfort after vaccination are completely ambiguous. Someone felt nothing, someone had a runny nose, and someone had a temperature and felt very unwell, someone reddened and hurt the injection site, someone could not raise their hand because of the pain. And in allcases, the cause was ADSM vaccination. Side effects in adults (called vaccine reactions) from ADSM vaccination are normal. They do not indicate the onset of the disease, but the development of immunity in humans. After a while, side effects disappear without consequences by themselves. After all, one of the least reactogenic vaccines is the ADSM vaccine.
Side effects in adults can manifest as general and local reactions. They, depending on the individual state of the human body, are light and heavy.
In the first 48 hours, there may be a short-term rise in temperature and malaise, as well as pain, redness, swelling at the injection site. There may be a seal in the form of a bump, but this is not terrible. It will resolve completely on its own within a few weeks. You need to know that this place cannot be heated, as this can cause suppuration. Severe allergic reactions are very rare.
For your information, neither mild nor severe reactions to a vaccine are considered pathological, as they do not have lasting he alth consequences. Of course, they are subjectively uncomfortable, but they pass without causing any disturbances afterwards.
Post-vaccination complications in ADSM
Vaccination of ADSM to adults rarely gives complications, however, according to statistics, they occur in two cases for every 100 thousand vaccinators. Post-vaccination complications of ADSM include:
1. Severe allergic conditions such aspost-vaccination anaphylactic shock and angioedema, as well as a generalized form of urticaria.
2. Post-vaccination encephalitis.
3. Post-vaccination meningitis.
Alcohol and ADSM vaccine
Alcohol is completely incompatible with the ADSM vaccine. Adult vaccinators should abstain from alcohol for at least two days prior to the day on which the ADSM vaccine is scheduled.
After vaccination, a sober lifestyle should be maintained for another three days. Only after this is some relaxation allowed, is it allowed to take weak alcoholic beverages in minimal doses. After a week from the date of vaccination, it is allowed to resume drinking alcohol in the usual way.
If you did take alcohol after the vaccination, nothing will happen, but the severity of adverse reactions may increase significantly. Against the background of alcohol intoxication, the temperature reaction may increase, swelling and pain at the injection site may increase, so you should refrain from strong drinks for a week after vaccination.
Adults should definitely be revaccinated with the ADSM vaccine. Tetanus and diphtheria are dangerous, they can end in death. Tetanus is not treatable even in modern conditions. Diphtheria is curable, but gives dangerous complications. The ADSM vaccine is non-reactogenic, well tolerated, and will provide immunity for the next 10 years.
Before the era of vaccination, half of those with diphtheria died, with tetanus infection, 85% of patients died. A number of countries, such as the United States, havean attempt to refuse vaccination against whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria. It ended in an epidemic, and vaccination was resumed under the state program.
