In the article, we will consider the instructions for use for Synflorix.
In fact, this drug belongs to a special category of pneumococcal vaccines, directly in which antigens are additionally conjugated by protein D. In addition, Synflorix includes antigens specially conjugated with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. It is worth noting that the composition of this unique vaccine also includes 10 current serotypes of the Streptococcus pneumoniae class, thanks to which the vaccine meets all the requirements of he alth authorities.
This vaccine is a 10-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, conjugated with Haemophilus influenzae D-protein, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, adsorbed to prevent pneumococcal infection. Synflorix is manufactured by the Russian company CJSC GlaxoSmithKline Trading.
Vaccination today is one of the strongest barriers to the development of many human diseases. Immunoprophylaxis is carried out according to the National Immunization Schedule. But there are vaccines that are not included in the list of mandatory ones. This is the vaccine Synflorix.
Composition and release form
The vaccine is used for children from 6 weeks of age to 5 years of age as a preventive measure against pneumococcal infections. This pharmacological agent is produced in the form of a white liquid for injection. When settling, two layers are formed: a precipitate and a supersufficient transparent liquid.
Pneumococcal polysaccharides of different serotypes are used as the main active elements in the vaccine. Serotypes are subspecies of one pathogenic bacterium that differ in antigenic structure. One injection dose (1/2 milliliter) contains:
- three micrograms each of 19F, 4, 18C serotypes;
- one microgram each 1, 5, 9V, 6V, 7F, 14, 23F serotypes;
- protein D of untyped strains of Haemophilus influenzae, tetanus and diphtheria proteins;
- aluminum phosphate - as an adsorbent.
Sterile water for injection is used as a diluent.
Pharmacological properties of the vaccine
As a result of the main pharmacological action of this medical preparation, specific immunoglobulins are produced in the body. Vaccination "Synflorix" contains extracts of the ten mostcommon strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. These microorganisms are responsible for the occurrence of pathologies such as pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, otitis media. The vaccine works in such a way that it causes an active immune response, but does not provoke the development of the true disease.
When the body is exposed to foreign agents, such as bacteria or viruses, the human immune system begins to actively produce antibodies against them, which help to recognize and destroy pathogens. Subsequently, they remain in the human body to protect it from encountering infections caused by the same pathogen.
Thus, active immunity is formed. Doctors call it specific because it works exclusively against a specific virus or bacterium. The "Synflorix" vaccination contains polysaccharides of pneumococcal strains, which most often provoke infectious pathological processes. These components, along with the proteins of diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae and tetanus, have increased immunogenicity and low virulence.
They are able to induce the production of antibodies without causing an outbreak of a real infection. The immune memory that remains after vaccination allows you to quickly recognize one or another pathogenic microbe and begin the rapid synthesis of immunoglobulins. Thus, the pathological process is suppressed at the initial stage of its development.
Indications and preparation for vaccine administration
According to the instructions forapplication, "Synflorix" is indicated at the age of six weeks to five years. It is used to prevent pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis, sepsis and other diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. He althy children who do not have certain chronic diseases do not require any preparation for such immunization. Very often this vaccine is given before the child enters kindergarten. In other situations, the possibility of vaccination should be discussed with a specialist. In order for the baby to transfer the vaccine as easily as possible, you must adhere to the following recommendations:
- A few days before the vaccination, you can not go to public places. Contact with other children should also be avoided as they are potential sources of infection.
- It is not recommended to introduce new types of complementary foods to a child, unusual products, as in some cases they can cause an allergic reaction.
- It is important to take care of the psycho-emotional state of the baby. Parents should tell him about the vaccination, how and why it is carried out.
- If there is a person in the family who suffers from a cold or other infectious diseases, the vaccination should be postponed until the time of his complete recovery.
- When parents are not sure about the absolute he alth of their child, they should consult a doctor to determine the possibility of vaccination.
Method of application and dosage
Vaccination "Synflorix"carried out in the zone of the deltoid muscle or the front of the thigh by the intramuscular method. Vaccination methods may vary depending on the age categories of children. Vaccination schedule by age:
- 6 weeks - 6 months: Four doses of the vaccine are recommended for high immunity. The first injection is carried out at 6 months, the next two - with an interval of 30 days. Revaccination (fourth shot) is given 6 months after the last dose of the medication.
- Premature babies: their vaccination methods are identical to the previous ones. The only difference in this case is that the first vaccination is given at 2 months of age.
- 7-11 months: 2 doses 1 month apart. Re-introduction is made in the second year of life.
- 1-5 years: The process of proper vaccination consists of two injections of the drug 2 months apart.
Injection is an invasive procedure that has certain risks. To minimize them, you must follow the instructions for use. The vaccine "Synflorix" is performed only by intramuscular injection. Before starting a medical procedure, a specialist must measure the child's temperature. In children under one year old, the injection is carried out in the anterior surface of the thigh, at an older age - in the region of the deltoid muscles. The doctor must assess the condition of the vaccine, the presence of mechanical damage, labeling, expiration date. The injection site is treated with an antiseptic solution. Neither inIn no case should this drug be allowed to come into contact with the antiseptic, as this may lead to inactivation of the Synflorix vaccine. The drug is administered after the drug reaches room temperature. The vaccination dosage is ½ milliliter.
During the implementation of this medical manipulation, parents should ask the doctor about the possibility of certain post-vaccination reactions and the consequences of the drug.
Contraindications for vaccine administration
There are certain groups of children for whom the vaccine is prohibited or given with caution. This category includes:
- the presence of pathological processes in the active phase, which is accompanied by a high temperature (more than 39 ° C);
- children with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to components of this vaccine.
With some caution, the drug is used in children with coagulopathy. This condition is a bleeding disorder. If the vaccine is administered intramuscularly, there is a high probability of damage to blood vessels and bleeding. In children with a history of seizures, vaccination is performed after consulting a pediatrician and prescribing appropriate medications to prevent seizures.
Are complications from the Synflorix vaccine possible?
Side effects, complications, potential reactions to the vaccine
The emergence of someside effects from the introduction of the vaccine is due to the individual sensitivity and characteristics of the child's body, as well as the injection technique. It is very important to understand that this vaccine does not contain living pathogenic bacteria, but only fragments of their cell walls. Therefore, this medication is not able to cause true disease. Post-vaccination reactions are classified according to the frequency of their development into:
- Common (may affect up to 1 in 100 children) - Infiltration at the injection site.
- Very common (affects more than 1 in 10 children) - pain, swelling, flushing at the injection site, low-grade fever, decreased appetite, irritability, drowsiness.
- Uncommon (less than 1 in 100 children): bleeding, rash, pruritus, vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal crying.
- Rare (affects 1 in 10,000 children): anaphylaxis, seizures, allergic dermatitis.
Complications of this vaccine include the following conditions:
- damage to a blood vessel or nerve;
- formation of an abscess, lymphadenitis, phlegmon.
Therapy of post-vaccination reactions from the "Synflorix" vaccine
Syrups containing paracetamol or ibuprofen are used to treat febrile syndrome after vaccination.
Slight swelling, hyperemia and pain in the injection area are physiological symptoms that do not require medical interventions. They develop as a result of the inflammatory process in muscle tissues. The aluminum phosphate contained in this vaccine acts inas a sorbent. It does not allow polysaccharides to be absorbed into the bloodstream, causing minor local inflammation. Such exposure better stimulates the immune system to fight pathogens.
This is confirmed by the instructions for Synflorix.
Therapy of pathological side effects involves symptomatic treatment. When a child develops a fever, antipyretics are used. For the same purpose, it is allowed to use antipyretic drugs. Especially for children, these medicines are available in the form of syrups. With the development of allergic reactions, desensitizing and antihistamine pharmacological drugs are prescribed.
Expert opinion and recommendations
Do I need to vaccinate "Synflorix" before the kindergarten? Let's figure it out.
It is widely believed among parents that the vaccination of a child depends only on their desire. Doctors ask such people a question - how can they protect the baby from dangerous infectious diseases and their consequences. The answer is, most often, no. The positive effect of vaccination has been tested over many generations. Top reasons doctors recommend vaccinations:
- For over 100 years, vaccines have protected people from dangerous diseases.
- Vaccinations in childhood allows you to quickly adapt to the external environment. At the same time, antibodies to dangerous diseases are produced in a person and the risk of getting sick with them is significantly reduced.
- Vaccination is important against diseases, in the fight againstwhich medicine is powerless. They are diphtheria and polio.
- Due to the deterioration of the environmental situation, children's immunity is reduced.
- The vaccine uses only bacterial components, in particular polysaccharides, which do not have virulence and do not cause real disease.
Given these facts, the usefulness of vaccination leaves no doubt.
Drug Interactions
Means "Synflorix" is used in parallel with other vaccinations, provided that they are administered in different parts of the body. The use of the drug against the background of treatment with immunosuppressants, cytostatics, chemotherapy drugs is allowed. In this case, there is a possibility of not receiving an immune response, since the immune system is greatly weakened due to the effects of the above medications.
The use of immunoglobulins also reduces the immune response to vaccination. At the same time, the necessary pool of specific antibodies is not produced.
Analogues
There are other preventive vaccines against infections caused by pneumococcal bacteria. These include:
- "Prevenar", which provides immunity from 7 strains of this pathogen;
- Prevenar 13 with 6 more strains added;
- Pnevmovax II is a polyvalent vaccine containing 23 strains of pneumococcal polysaccharides.
All of the above vaccinations are licensed by WHO and are successfully used in practice.
Reviews about the "Synflorix" vaccine
Parentschildren who have been vaccinated with this drug have left a lot of positive feedback about it. In most cases, this vaccine was well tolerated by babies.
According to reviews of Synflorix, children often experienced a slight increase in temperature, which, according to medical staff, indicates the formation of immunity to diseases caused by pneumococci. No severe allergic reactions or other pathological conditions were noted by the parents.
We reviewed the instructions for the "Synflorix" vaccination.
