Today you can hear completely different opinions about vaccinations, not only from parents, but also from doctors. In young children, the immune system does not work at full strength, so they definitely need to be vaccinated against various diseases. Vaccinations against measles, rubella and mumps are especially important, the body's reaction to which will be described below. They are one of the most dangerous viral pathologies that can lead to many serious complications and death. But has anyone thought about how immunization is tolerated by children? Does it have any negative effects and side effects? These are very important questions that every parent should be aware of. Let's take a closer look at them and find out whether it is worth worrying about vaccination and what you need to be prepared for after it.
Danger of infectious viral diseases
Doctors keep talking about the importance of measles, mumps and rubella vaccinations. And this is not unreasonable, since these diseases are severe, accompanied by intense and pronounced symptoms, and also pose a great danger to children's he alth. It is important to bear in mind that a child can become infected while still in the womb. Infection jeopardizes the course of pregnancy and creates the risk of unpredictable consequences. In addition, pathologies pose a great danger, which is expressed in the following:
- Infection of a woman during pregnancy can lead to antenatal death of the fetus or the development of numerous anomalies and malformations, such as myopia, structural defects of the heart, partial or complete hearing loss, impaired physical development and many others.
- When mumps not only inflammatory damage to the endocrine system occurs, but also a high probability of developing such dangerous diseases as encephalitis, orchitis and infertility. Much less common complications of the disease are pancreatitis, arthritis and nephritis.
- Measles inflicts a severe blow to the body's defenses and immune system, which can result in numerous and dangerous bacterial complications. In addition, it can cause the development of hepatitis, tracheobronchitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. The latter pathology is the most dangerous, because with it an inflammatory process develops in the brain, which can eventually lead to complete disability.or death.
To protect babies from measles, rubella and mumps, complications after vaccination are difficult to predict in advance, vaccination is necessary. The thing is that in infants, immunity normally works only during the first six months of life, after which it begins to weaken. As a result, the body ceases to provide proper resistance to external negative factors, viruses and infections. The only way to increase protection is through immunization.
Vaccination calendar
Today, both single and complex vaccinations against measles, rubella and mumps are carried out. The vaccination schedule must be agreed with the pediatrician, but, as a rule, it looks like this:
- The first vaccination is done when the baby is one year old. This period was not chosen randomly. It is optimal for protection, since infectious diseases are most difficult in children under the age of 5 years. However, a single immunization will not completely eliminate the risk of infection. It only increases the body's resistance by a few percent.
- Re-vaccination is carried out at the age of six. It provides protection already at 90 percent, which has been maintained for several decades.
Unfortunately, doctors and leading scientists have not been able to calculate the exact time during which vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps ensures reliable functioning of the immune system. Adverse reactions to vaccinations canmake itself felt within a few hours after its implementation. This will be discussed in more detail below. But the majority of qualified specialists are of the opinion that the effect of revaccination persists for 10-25 years. It all depends on the state of he alth of each person and the susceptibility of the immunobiological preparation.
If the child has not been vaccinated against measles, rubella and mumps on time (the reaction is almost always intense and pronounced), then parents should go to the hospital for vaccination on their own. There are two most common scenarios for the development of events:
- If the immunization was postponed indefinitely due to the presence of contraindications in the baby, then it is desirable to carry it out as soon as possible, as close as possible to the vaccination calendar. In this case, a second procedure should be carried out at intervals of at least four years.
- In the event of unforeseen situations and he alth problems requiring urgent vaccination, babies are given mono-vaccinations aimed at protecting the body from any one disease. Revaccination is carried out a year after the first procedure.
Vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps is done in compliance with a certain dosage of 0.5 milligrams of the drug. It is inserted under one of the shoulder blades or into the right forearm.
How do children handle vaccinations?
Children can tolerate measles, rubella andmumps. The reaction (temperature is one of the very first symptoms) largely depends on the age category, the state of the immune system and the presence of any diseases in a person. Among the most common effects of vaccines are the following:
- general weakness;
- sleep disorder;
- lack of appetite;
- runny nose;
- migraine;
- throat redness;
- skin rashes.
In addition, there is redness and swelling of the soft tissues at the injection site. The post-vaccination reaction to the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine is similar to the side effects that appear at the age of one. In some cases, the hypersensitivity of the immune system caused by the administration of the drug may not be local, but global in nature, spreading throughout the body. In addition, against the background of immunization, some bacterial diseases sometimes develop, for example, sore throat, otitis media and bronchitis. But, according to doctors, most often this occurs not because of vaccination, but as a result of non-compliance with certain rules of behavior by parents.
The condition of children after immunization
When vaccinated against measles, rubella and mumps, adverse reactions are quite common. It is very difficult to say exactly what they can be, since each specific case is unique. At the same time, you can not worry about some of the symptoms, since they are specific. But there are those who give every reason to start sounding the alarm. Owning thisinformation will allow you to be prepared for any possible scenario.
The body's responses are most pronounced when using complex preparations containing the measles component. This is due to the fact that the bodies of pathogens in them are in an oppressed, and not in a mortified state. But despite this, after vaccination, children do not become carriers of the infection, therefore they do not pose any threat to others.
As mentioned earlier, the body's very first response to the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine is fever. It can vary from 37.2 to 38.5 degrees and even higher. In addition, the following manifestations are often observed:
- reddening of the epidermis and swelling of the soft tissues, which disappear a few days after vaccination;
- child may develop a cough that persists for 7-14 days;
- appetite worsens or completely disappears;
- nose bleeds in rare cases;
- often a rash appears on the scalp after measles, mumps and rubella vaccination, which then spreads throughout the body.
As a rule, the symptoms listed above last for about 14 days, after which they disappear on their own. There is nothing terrible and serious in this, so you should not panic. The alarm should be beaten if the clinical picture persists for a very long time without visible improvements.
There is also the possibility of developing some complications after vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps. Among the most frequentlydiagnosed can be identified:
- pronounced toxic reaction, accompanied by fever, sore throat and swollen cervical lymph nodes;
- inflammatory lesions of the central nervous system, which are characterized by muscle spasms and clinical manifestations of encephalitis;
- allergic reactions;
- brain inflammation;
- meningitis;
- myocarditis;
- type I diabetes;
- angioedema;
- anaphylactic shock;
- arthritis;
- partial or total deafness.
After vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps, side effects do not always appear. It all depends on many factors, among which the main ones are the state of the immune system and the individual characteristics of the child's body. But if you notice them in your baby, then you should immediately consult a doctor to minimize the likelihood of developing many serious complications.
Reaction to mumps mono-vaccination
The introduction of drugs containing antibodies against the causative agent of this disease, children endure very easily. This is due to the fact that they contain weakened pathogenic microorganisms that are not able to provoke the development of infection. The reaction to the mumps, measles and rubella vaccine has some differences, it is observed after about a week. Its duration is on average 15 days, after which the symptoms gradually subside until they completely disappear. Among the mainside effects can be identified as follows:
- fever;
- slight enlargement of the salivary glands;
- throat redness;
- inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
Surely many parents will now have a question about how long the temperature lasts for a measles, rubella and mumps vaccination. As medical statistics show, the increase is short-term and lasts no more than two days. As for side effects, they make themselves felt in isolated cases. The most common are:
- general weakness;
- feeling worse;
- toxic reactions;
- nausea and gagging;
- muscle cramps;
- migraines;
- skin rash;
- CNS lesions.
Doctors say that in most cases, side effects are extremely rare, and children tolerate mumps vaccination well.
Reaction to rubella monovaccination
Preventive measures to increase the body's defenses consist in the introduction of a vaccine containing live attenuated virus cells. In almost 90 percent of cases, children easily tolerate immunization. A reaction to the rubella, measles, and mumps vaccine that is more symptomatic is rare. But if it does occur, it usually goes away in a mild form. The most typical manifestations are:
- redness of the skin at the injection site;
- slight enlargement of lymph nodes;
- body temperature within37 to 37.5 degrees;
- rarely have joint pain.
All signs of a reaction go away on their own without medical attention some time after vaccination. Therefore, parents should not worry and take any action.
How can I help my baby?
In order to make the child feel at least a little better after immunization, it is necessary to try to reduce the intensity of the body's response to the measles, mumps and rubella vaccination. If only skin rashes are observed in children, then nothing should be done. This is considered a normal manifestation that does not require any help. In order to improve well-being, the child can be given drugs that have antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antihistamine effects. They will reduce the intensity and severity of symptoms.
If after a few days no improvement is noticeable, but, on the contrary, it only gets worse, then it is better not to hesitate, but immediately go to the clinic. Some serious effects of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine may require a course of certain special medications or an emergency hospitalization of the baby.
Vaccination contraindications
This aspect should be read first. Not all children can be immunized, aimed at increasing the protective functions of the body against pathogens of viral diseases. It is better to postpone this procedure for a while if:
- the patient underwent a course of chemotherapy, which used drugs that depress the functioning of the immune system;
- there is an exacerbation of any pathologies occurring in a chronic form;
- ARVI;
- the baby was administered antibodies or blood components.
Also, vaccination has a number of contraindications, in which it is strictly prohibited. These include:
- strong response to medication;
- side effects on the injected drug;
- any pathology that causes a sharp decrease in immunity;
- AIDS;
- blood cancer;
- oncological diseases;
- allergic to neomycin, aminoglycoside amino acids and egg white;
- pregnancy;
- immunodeficiency;
- undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy;
- thrombocytopenia;
- platelet dysfunction.
If you ignore these contraindications, then the reaction to the measles, rubella and mumps vaccine can be unpredictable. It will be difficult for doctors to predict the condition of the child, which increases the risk of various serious complications.
Preparing for vaccination
In order for the baby to endure immunization more easily, it is necessary to help him in this. There are a number of measures that will help reduce the likelihood of developing various complications. These include:
- On the morning of the day of vaccination, take the temperature and assess the general he alth of the child.
- Consult your pediatrician first. In case of occurrenceIf necessary, he will conduct an examination and write out a referral for tests.
- If children have any diseases of the central nervous system and nervous disorders, it will not be superfluous to show them to a neurologist. As a rule, drugs with an anticonvulsant effect are prescribed, which are taken over several days.
- If the baby has diseases that occur in a chronic form, then immunization is recommended during remission. When taking medications, vaccination is included in the main therapy program.
- A few days before you go to the hospital, it is better to refuse to visit public places with high traffic of people. This is especially important during epidemics.
These simple tips and tricks will help make it much easier for your child to endure vaccination against dangerous infectious and viral diseases. If after vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps (which vaccine is considered the best to date will be described later), there are strong side effects that do not disappear for a very long time, then you should immediately contact your pediatrician. Any delay can result in very dire consequences.
What is forbidden to do after vaccination?
According to qualified specialists, in the vast majority of cases, complications after immunization arise due to incorrect actions on the part of parents. To mitigate any associated risks, the following rules should be followed:
- After vaccination, do not immediately leave the hospital. It is better to sit for about half an hour near the doctor's office. If you have any problems, you can get the help you need right on the spot.
- When vaccinated against measles, mumps or rubella, bathing is allowed, but doctors advise not to take a bath on the day of the injection, but limit yourself to showering. In this case, it is better not to use washcloths, and also not to soap the vaccination site.
- To reduce the chance of developing an allergic reaction, it is not recommended to let children try new foods and exotic dishes.
- If it's cold outside and it's raining or the baby is not feeling well, it is recommended to refrain from walking and sit at home for a few days. You should also avoid playgrounds, shopping and entertainment centers, as well as other places with a lot of people.
You should consult your doctor in advance about upcoming vaccinations and stock up on medications that may be needed to relieve symptoms and combat side effects. It is strictly forbidden to give any pills to children after immunization on their own. This can greatly aggravate the he alth of the child and exacerbate the side effects of the vaccine.
What medications are used for vaccination?
Every parent worries about their child's tolerance for measles, mumps and rubella. What vaccine is being used? This is perhaps one of the most common questions doctors hear when they see patients. Unfortunately, Russianpharmaceutical companies do not produce tripartite preparations intended for immunization of children. To date, the range of vaccinations is represented only by two-component medicines for developing immunity to measles and mumps, and rubella has to be vaccinated separately. Despite this, the quality of the vaccines is not inferior to imported analogues. Among foreign vaccinations, the following vaccinations are considered the best:
- MMR is an American-made three-component complex vaccine.
- Priorix is a vaccine against the most dangerous infectious diseases produced in Belgium.
- Ervevax is an English vaccine with high efficacy and excellent tolerability. It almost never causes complications and side effects, therefore it is considered one of the best to date. The only drawback is the high cost.
Many doctors advise buying foreign medicines because they are much more convenient and safer. But there are two main problems. Firstly, they are quite difficult to find on sale, and secondly, you will have to pay a lot for them. As for domestic vaccines, they are not much inferior to foreign ones, but are more affordable.
Opinion of Dr. Komarovsky
Any infectious and viral diseases spread very quickly, which creates a high risk of epidemics. To protect yourself and your children, you need to be vaccinated in a timely manner. In most cases, it passes normally without any special complications. According to the famous Russian therapist Komarovsky,reactions to the measles, rubella and mumps vaccine are very rare. It is most commonly seen in children under the age of 5, pregnant women, and immunocompromised people.
Despite all the possible consequences, the doctor recommends mandatory vaccination, since any infectious disease can lead to many serious consequences. Therefore, it is better not to take risks, but to go to the hospital in time for vaccination.
What are patients saying about immunization?
According to numerous reviews, vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps a year is very well tolerated by children. With proper care of the baby after the procedure, the symptoms and side effects appear in a mild form, and also disappear on their own after just a few days. Many parents over-dramatize and embellish their own fears due to lack of information about immunization.
Conclusion
Should I get vaccinated against measles and other infectious diseases? The answer is unequivocal - yes! Vaccination against ailments of this group is one of the most important in the life of every person. The thing is that measles, mumps and rubella are much easier to prevent than to subsequently cure. These pathologies not only respond poorly to therapy, but also proceed in a very severe form and in about 30 percent of cases give serious complications. Therefore, if you value the he alth of your loved ones, then you must definitely go through the vaccination procedure in accordance with the established vaccination schedule.
But be that as it may, today quite a few parents write a refusal of vaccinations for their babies. This is due to the fact that they are afraid of the side effects that may occur after vaccination. In addition, there are different manufacturers of vaccines, respectively, and their quality is also different. The decision to vaccinate a baby or not is a purely personal matter. In any case, the parent is responsible for their child.
