The article discusses ointments for the treatment of allergic dermatitis.
This is skin inflammation - that is, inflammation of the human body system, which is located on the surface and is fed by an extensive vascular network. When there are no violations of the integrity of the skin cover, and it has an acidic pH, the barrier function is performed well, the substances that have fallen on the surface are not allowed to be absorbed. As soon as allergic or microbial inflammation develops, or inflammation resulting from a burn, the epidermis becomes permeable to many substances. This property is used by dermatologists when choosing an ointment for allergic dermatitis.
Types and classification
To get rid of the pathology, the following types of ointments are used, whichare classified according to the characteristics of the action:
- Anti-inflammatory - they contain corticosteroids that direct their action to eliminate inflammation and itching. However, it must be said that there is an opinion that such drugs can adversely affect the activity of the adrenal glands.
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It is advisable to use them only at the initial stages of the disease, since they have a lower therapeutic effect compared to hormonal ointments.
- Antihistamines - help eliminate itching.
- Moisturizers - since the main symptom of allergic dermatitis is drying of the skin, the use of oily creams will be highly effective.
- Drugs with a drying effect. If the pathology is at the soaking stage, then it is best to choose the means of this particular group, since they help to eliminate inflammatory manifestations and dry the epidermis.
Let's study the reasons for choosing a specialist of this or that ointment for allergic dermatitis.
Inflammation in the form of a weeping surface and swelling
In this case, local therapy consists in applying compresses with an aqueous solution of boric acid or a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Talkers are also used, which are prepared in a pharmacy.
After a talker or a compress, gels against dermatitis, which are based on antihistamines, are applied to the affected area. These include "Psilobalm" or "Fenistil-gel". Whenthe inflamed place ceases to get wet so much, in order to accelerate healing, they use a dermatitis cream such as D-panthenol (Bepanten). It is absorbed by the skin and transformed into a vitamin, being included in the normal metabolism of skin cells and stimulating division. Dexpanthenol preparations can replace allergic dermatitis ointments such as Solcoseryl or Actovegin. These non-hormonal agents improve the nutrition of skin tissues affected by dermatitis.
Hormonal Therapy
When allergic dermatitis affects large areas or the ineffectiveness of local antihistamine preparations (the person ruled out the effect of the allergen on the skin), steroid ointments are prescribed. They contain analogs of hormones-glucocorticosteroids, made in a laboratory, their "originals" are produced by the adrenal glands. Such local preparations have a clear anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and decongestant activity.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroid ointments against allergic dermatitis according to the severity of the effect are divided into the following types:
- Weak: prednisolone and hydrocortisone ointments.
- Medium: Locoid, Flixotide, Dermatotop, Afloderm.
- Strong: Celestoderm-B, Cutiveit, Elocom creams and ointments, Flucinar, Triamcinolone, Advantan cream and ointment.
- Very strong: "Chalciderm", "Dermovate" in the form of an ointment or cream.
Such ointments for allergic dermatitis for adults canbe prescribed only by a doctor who will indicate the timing of the use of the drug (strong drug is usually used for no longer than three days, while drugs of "weak" potency - up to seven days), talk about gradual withdrawal so as not to harm one's own skin by abrupt withdrawal of the corticosteroid.
What other ointment for allergic dermatitis will be effective?
Infection in the affected area
If pus began to stand out from the inflamed area, or the contents of the vesicles turned whitish, an ointment for local treatment of allergic dermatitis with a secondary infection that has joined it is also prescribed by a dermatologist. In this case, there may be three options:
- A drug containing only an antibiotic (tetracycline and erythromycin ointment).
- Combined local antiseptic or antibiotic combined with a non-hormonal drug: Levomekol (in addition to the antibiotic, a component that improves healing), Oflokain (anesthetic + antibiotic).
- Combined preparation of antifungal agent, antibiotic and hormone: Pimafucort, Triderm.
Ointments and creams for allergic dermatitis can be purchased at any pharmacy.
Atopic Dermatitis Treatment
Because this disease causes more concern to young patients, it is necessary to consider which group of dermatitis ointments is used to treat children.
Treatment of children begins with such localremedies for exacerbation of atopic dermatitis. The same drugs can be used as a starting treatment if the pathology is severe.
When assigning, the calculation is as follows:
- If the disease worsens, and the foci of redness are small, appear only on the limbs and torso, the list of hormonal ointments against dermatitis includes drugs such as Hydrocortisone cream 1%, Prednisolone ointment. In the absence of weeping - "Lokoid" and "Afloderm" (ointments). If the inflamed area becomes wet, Afloderm and Flixotide preparations in the form of a cream are advised.
- In case of severe exacerbation (the severity is established by a dermatologist) and localization of inflammation on the skin of the extremities, face and trunk, treatment should be started with drugs such as Advantan (in the form of a cream or emulsion with weeping, in its absence - in the form of an ointment), "Elocom", "Celestoderm B" (when wet - in the form of a cream or lotion), "Mometasone furoate", "Polcortolone", "Triamcinolone".
Apply multiplicity
The frequency of applying the ointment for allergic dermatitis is determined by the doctor. Most often, children from six months old "Advantan" can be applied once a day, twice a day - "Afloderm", up to three times - "Lokoid". "Elokom" can be used only from two years, once a day, the course lasts up to a week.
If the rash in atopic dermatitis is significantly reduced in severity, the rapid cessation of topical treatment is undesirable. It is better to switch to a course when the affected areas are lubricated twice a week for 1-2 weeks, on other days they are appliednourishing and moisturizing preparations.
Drugs "Diflucortolone valerate", "Chalciderm", "Galcinonide", "Dermovate", which have a long-term powerful effect and maximum depth of skin penetration - these are ointments used for dermatitis in children after 14 years of age and adults for medical purposes.
Contraindications
Hormonal ointments for the treatment of allergic dermatitis are contraindicated in bacterial and fungal skin diseases, acne, herpes, scabies, tuberculosis, shingles. They should not be used if allergic dermatitis occurs after vaccination. During pregnancy and children under one year of age, such drugs are not prescribed. Children under the age of seven should be prescribed steroid creams and ointments by a specialist.
Dosage
Regarding the dose of ointments, the following should be said:
- in the event of dermatitis, a maximum of three units of the drug are applied to each hand (one is the amount that is placed on the phalanx of the patient's index finger);
- per foot - no more than one unit;
- groin area - one unit on each side;
- per body - no more than 14-15 units.
Special Instructions
Hormonal ointments should not be used on the face. Only calcineurin inhibitors and moisturizers should be used in this area.
If you suspect that a bacterial or fungal flora has attached to areas of dermatitis, ointments containing an antifungal component andantibiotic: Pimafukort, Triderm.
Often people ask for ointments for the treatment of allergic dermatitis on the hands.
Moisturizers
Children under the age of seven, the hormonal cream should not be applied to the inflamed skin itself, but to pre-lubricated emollient, that is, a substance that has a sufficient degree of fat content and, when applied, forms a film on the skin. Good emollients are Emolium, Topikrem, Mustela Stelatopia, La Roche-Posay.
Mustela Stelatopia is an emulsion cream made from natural ingredients that spreads easily over baby's skin and dries up in minutes. It can be used not only as a base for a hormonal drug, but also in periods between the use of topical steroids, as well as before going out, especially during the cold season. Cream emulsion also helps to eliminate the itching of the skin, characteristic of atopic dermatitis. It can be replaced with Fmisiogel AI, as well as alternate drugs. Physiogel also contains membrane-forming lipids, which are identical to those that protect intact skin from external irritants. It eliminates mild symptoms of atopic dermatitis, itching and irritation.
Similar emollients are excellent ointments for dermatitis during pregnancy, they are an excellent alternative if hormonal drugs are contraindicated.
Emollients must be applied at least three times a day, including after bathing. They need to be changed everythree to four weeks to avoid diminishing the healing effect.
Many people want to find the best ointment for allergic dermatitis.
Other non-hormonal drugs
With this disease, children, pregnant women, adults are prescribed non-hormonal ointments against dermatitis, which can be different:
- "Bepanten" ("D-panthenol", "Dexpanthenol", "Pantoderm"). Absorbed by skin cells, it turns into pantothenic acid, which accelerates the healing of the epidermis. Can be used during lactation and childbearing.
- "Eplan". The active ingredient is glycolan, which has analgesic, bactericidal and wound healing effects. No indication for use in lactation or pregnancy.
- Anti-dermatitis ointment containing zinc (Desitin and Zinc Ointment for allergic dermatitis, as well as Zinocap based on zinc pyrithione) has good antifungal, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Also effective when wet. During lactation and pregnancy, it is used as directed by a dermatologist.
- "Radevit" is an ointment based on vitamins (A, E, D2), which has a softening and anti-inflammatory effect, eliminates itching.
- Calcineurin inhibitors ("Protopic" and "Elidel"), suppressing the release of substances that provoke allergic skin rashes, reduce the severity of inflammation. They are used to treat folds, neck, face skin. The optimal ointment against itching is Protopic. Not usedthese funds for herpetic rash, warts, genital warts, with ultraviolet radiation therapy. Not recommended during breastfeeding and pregnancy.
- "Fenistil-gel", based on the antihistamine component dimethindene maleate. It has a local anesthetic and antipruritic effect.
- "Gistan" is a dietary supplement of a local type, based on betulin, dimethicone, extracts of medicinal plants.
- "Losterin" based on dexpanthenol, urea (softens the epidermis), salicylic acid (eliminates inflammation and softens the skin).
- Naftaderm is a liniment based on Naftalan oil. It has an antiseptic, softening and analgesic effect.
Especial care should be taken when choosing an ointment for allergic dermatitis for children.
Means "Dermazin"
For prevention and in case of an infected disease, children from three months are prescribed the Dermazin remedy, based on a sulfanilamide antiseptic, namely silver sulfadiazine. It is effective against a variety of microbes, eliminates slight wetting. It is applied on a gauze napkin, applied to the dermatitis area only after the inflamed skin is washed with water and dried with gauze.
