The public environment is constantly exposed to viruses and infections. In order to eliminate and prevent them, it is necessary to regularly disinfect public places. Consider the main types of disinfection in medicine.
What is disinfection?
Disinfection is a series of planned actions to combat infections, toxicity, harmful microorganisms. This is a certain type of restoration of sterility, antimicrobial measures. In all cases of disinfection, a composition of chemicals containing sodium hypochlorite, organic substances, formaldehyde is used.
Name of solutions for disinfection
- Chlorhexidine solution.
- Ammonium compounds.
- Peracetic acid solution.
- Guanidines.
- Polyguanidines.
During the disinfection process, most of the harmful bacteria are destroyed. But there is a possibility that it will not be possible to achieve its 100% removal, but it is possible to reduce their number to an acceptable level.
Types of disinfection in medicine
Current disinfection measures - carried out during the patient's bed rest in medical wards, with isolated placement of patients. The main objective of such measures is the elimination of the causative agent of infection, the prevention of the further spread of bacteria during the existence of the patient, the sterilization of the premises.
The main recommendations for such disinfection are the treatment of infectious diseases at home, the maintenance of the patient in the area of the spread of infection, before being placed in a medical hospital. What other types of disinfection are there in medicine?
Preventive disinfection measures are taken regularly regardless of the epidemiology. For example, constant washing of certain parts of the body, treatment of household items with special solutions with an antibacterial effect help to significantly reduce the risk of infection. For the same purpose, such preventive measures are carried out in places where the infection is likely to spread - schools, kindergartens, hospitals and clinics, public transport, catering, etc.
Final disinfection measures are taken after the isolation of the patient to stay in the hospital, as well as complete healing or death in the course of treatment. In other words, after the source of infection is eliminated, in order to avoid its further spread in a residual form.
Specialized centers and departments of disinfection and sterilization of the Rospotrebnadzor bodies are engaged in carrying out such disinfection actions.
It is necessary to consider in more detail the types of disinfection in medicine with examples.
Mechanicalways
- Cleaning with water.
- Using a vacuum cleaner.
- Wall painting.
- Hand washing.
- Removal of infection-prone top coat.
- Shaking things, wardrobe items, towels and linen.
These are the types of mechanical disinfection in medicine.
Physical methods
- Using UV lamps.
- Processing with boiling water, boiling clothes and utensils.
- By increasing the temperature to the point where the infection does not survive.
Combined methods
When it combines the first two methods. For example, they carry out a disinfecting wet cleaning, after which the entire surface is treated with ultraviolet rays.
Biological methods
Mainly used to extinguish foci of infection in drains, to eliminate environmental pollution. It is carried out by specialized biological stations. Here are the types of disinfection in the medicine of the Republic of Belarus.
Methods for performing disinfection actions
- Processing by spraying solution.
- Volume irrigation solution of surfaces, surface treatment with a cloth or sponge soaked in solution.
- Soaking items for disinfection in a special solution.
Who disinfects?
If we are talking about disinfection at home, then it is carried out bythe patient himself or those around him. In medical institutions, kindergartens and schools and in other organizations, it is carried out by specialized room service personnel (cleaners, nurses, etc.). It should be noted that in surgery rooms and other rooms where only strictly defined medical staff can be present, all types of disinfection in medicine are carried out by them themselves.
Disinfection at home
In general, a person encounters disinfection when treating damage to the skin of parts of the body, after medical procedures, injuries, etc. To do this, moisten a cotton swab in alcohol and treat the damaged surface. The second most common method of home disinfection is the treatment of wounds and abrasions with a solution of hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine, miramistin, irrigate the affected area from a pharmacy bottle.
For the treatment of wounds, as a disinfectant, use an iodine solution with alcohol content and pharmacy brilliant green. When treating dental wounds - damage to the gums, oral mucosa - medical blue is used. In everyday life, wounds and cuts are treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. In medicine, solutions containing silver are used as a disinfectant. A solution of table s alt and soda is also considered a household disinfectant. The use of the above solutions is due to their antimicrobial astringent properties.
They have a beneficial effect on the affected area, prevent the spread of infection, the occurrence of inflammation andcontribute to the rapid healing of wounds, cuts, etc. Nowadays, special gels and medical solutions for treating hands with an antiseptic effect are also used in everyday life. Another innovation is hygienic alcohol wipes. They are in free mass sale.
Organization of disinfection
Rospotrebnadzor authorities have formed special departments and departments that control the types of disinfection in medicine. Every year, the sanitary and epidemiological services create an action plan for disinfection measures. This is due to the prevention of mass epidemics of the spread of infections. In addition to the approved action plan, Rospotrebnadzor monitors its implementation by organizations, institutions and the public.
There are punitive measures and administrative liability for non-compliance with sanitary and epidemiological supervision. A number of mandatory preventive disinfection measures are provided for public institutions, educational institutions and the population. Medical institutions also have strict regulations in the field of Rostekhnadzor.
Special control of compliance with disinfection measures is expected in the field of public catering. It must be understood that compliance with disinfection measures is responsible for the ecology of society as a whole. In case of non-compliance with the instructions, there is a risk of the spread of massive dangerous infections and, as a result, epidemics.
Examples
To make it clearer what types anddisinfection methods in medicine exist, we will give examples. Getting spread, infections have a clear relationship in all spheres of human life. So, for example, non-compliance with the disinfection of the hands of a child at home can lead to the spread of an intestinal infection in a kindergarten or school through objects of use. If appropriate measures are not taken, the infection will spread through transmission through dishes in the dining room. Then another teenager will bring the infection home and infect their parents. With poor disinfection of dishes, items at the workplace, the infection will go for a walk in work teams.
A similar example - non-compliance with disinfection measures in the meat processing industry, animal husbandry will allow the infection to spread to food. Through food, getting on store shelves, catering places and home refrigerators, it will lead to an epidemic of infection of the country's population with some disease. We reviewed the main types of disinfection in medicine.
Poor disinfection in he althcare facilities leads to the spread of infection from one patient to another. For example, an infection can spread throughout the hospital through a medical instrument or supplies. We have described in detail the main types of disinfection in medicine. The concept is quite common and you need to know about it.
