In the article, we will consider where the cardial section of the stomach is located. We will also find out what diseases in this department can develop.
Coordinated work of all organs and systems ensures the normal functioning of the human body. Of considerable importance in this process is the proper functioning of the organs of the digestive system. The stomach is the main organ of the gastrointestinal tract. It consists of muscle fibers and has a high degree of elasticity, which allows it to stretch, increasing in size up to seven times. Each section of the stomach is responsible for performing a specific function. Their correct performance of their duties determines the correct digestive process.
Description
The stomach is a hollow space in the digestive system, resembling a bag in appearance. Body servesto unite the upper part of the esophagus and the lower part of the duodenum. The stomach includes several departments, each of which performs certain functions, and in general, the organ contributes to the normal functioning of the human body.
After entering the mouth, the food is thoroughly chewed by the person and then swallowed. Further, the food roughly processed by teeth and saliva descends into the stomach. It accumulates food eaten, some of which is digested with hydrochloric acid and special gastric enzymes. The latter allow you to break down fats and proteins. After the stomach, food enters the distant parts of the digestive system, namely the gastrointestinal tract.
Functions
The functions of the stomach are quite numerous. Chief among them are the following:
- Keeping food eaten.
- Control of gastric juice production.
- Implementation of chemical processing of food.
- Promotion of food and timely cleansing of organ contents.
- Absorption of various nutrients is mostly carried out in the stomach.
- Bactericidal effect.
- Protection from harmful effects.
During the digestive process, all residual metabolic products are eliminated. This also applies to substances that adversely affect the functioning of the endocrine glands.
Few people know where the cardia of the stomach is located.
Divisions of the stomach
The gastrointestinal tract includes several main sections. Each of them has a number of functions and, to one degree or another, is involved in the process of food processing. The following main sections of the stomach are distinguished:
- Cardiac section of the stomach. Located near the heart, which explains its name. This department is located between the esophagus and stomach, in the region of the cardiac sphincter. The cardia is made up of muscle fibers. The pulp prevents food from entering the esophagus.
- Gastric fundus. This department is located directly at the level of the esophagus. According to its external characteristics, it resembles a dome or vault. Air that is swallowed with food accumulates here. There are many glands in the mucous membrane of the gastric floor, which are responsible for the production of hydrochloric acid, which is necessary for the digestion process.
- The body of the stomach. The largest part of the digestive organ. The body begins in the cardiac region, and ends in the region of the pyloric part. The food eaten accumulates in the gastric body.
- Pyloric. Another name for this department is the gatekeeper. This section is located below the others, then the small intestine originates. The pyloric section includes a cave and a canal, which also perform certain functions. The channel conducts food to the duodenum, and the cave stores the digested part of the food for further processing.
In the aggregate, all departments, including the cardiac and pyloric sections of the stomach, providenormal functioning of the digestive system. Each department processes food for a certain time, which also depends on the nature of the food consumed. Fruit juice is digested in a third of an hour, and a meat dish will stay in the stomach for at least 6 hours.
Stomach diseases: ulcers
There are a number of diseases that are specific to the cardiac part of the stomach. An ulcer is one of the most common pathologies. This disease is seasonal in nature and is accompanied by soreness and other unpleasant symptoms. An ulcer in this section is slightly less common than in the body or fundus of the stomach, as well as in the intestines. However, due to the accelerated pace of life, constant stress and poor environmental conditions, the number of cases of ulcers in this particular department has been steadily increasing recently.
Hereditary nature
Tendency to peptic ulcer of the cardia of the stomach may be hereditary. The factors listed above trigger the genetic program, which leads to the appearance of an ulcer. Another genetically determined cause of ulcers is increased activity in the production of gastric secretions. As a result, there is an imbalance between the negative impact and immune protection.
For an ulcer of the cardial section of the stomach, the appearance of soreness after eating is characteristic, when the mucous membrane is irritated. The main tactic for the treatment of peptic ulcer is the observance of a special diet. The first thing to do after the diagnosis is established isremove from the diet any foods that irritate the stomach. The diet suggests the absence of rich broths, fried foods and stews or fish.
In addition, you will need to exclude from the diet any sauces, smoked foods, pickled and s alted vegetables, fruits that contain too much acid. Fruits are best consumed in the form of jelly, since it is such a substance that can envelop the stomach walls and accelerate the healing of ulcers. Under the ban is the use of pepper and various seasonings, s alt should be in strictly limited quantities. Green tea is allowed for drinks.
Sometimes, in especially advanced cases, in addition to diet, surgical intervention may be required. This may mean that ongoing conservative therapy does not work, and relapses of exacerbations of peptic ulcer become more frequent.
Polyp of the cardia of the stomach
Polyps are also very common in the gastrointestinal tract. They are neoplasms on the mucous membrane. Polyposis occurs in all parts of the stomach, but the most common variant is antral-pyloric. Less common polyposis in the cardia of the stomach.
Polyps in this section are also called cardia, as they are very close to the heart. Between the esophagus and the stomach, as mentioned above, there is a cardiac sphincter, which does not allow food to pass back into the esophagus from the gastric cavity. When there is a disturbance in the work of the stomach, acidenters the esophagus, which leads to inflammation and its further transformation into a malignant formation of the cardiac part of the stomach.
Operation methods
Treatment of polyposis involves surgical removal. There are several methods for carrying out the operation:
- Laser or radio wave surgery. There are no contraindications for these methods. They are minimally invasive and do not require a long recovery period.
- Endoscopic surgery. It is done through a small incision using a flexible manipulator. Thus, it is possible to remove polyps from the cardiac region.
- Resection. It is an extreme measure and is used in advanced cases, when minimally invasive methods of treatment do not give positive dynamics. After resection, a person has to go through a long rehabilitation period, completely reconsider their lifestyle.
Submucosal formations
These are pathological growths growing inside the stomach walls. Submucosal formations of the cardial section of the stomach of a benign nature, such as lyoma, hemangioma, leumioma, fibroma, etc., as well as malignant tumors, such as fibrosarcoma or leiomyosarcoma, are distinguished. In the case of a benign course of the pathological process, there is no danger to human life.
The development of pathological formations occurs in a latent form. The size of the tumors can be varied. With a benign course, their size reaches an average of 3-4 centimeters. contours andtheir location may also vary. Submucosal tumors are characterized by clear contours and a homogeneous nature. Rough edges indicate malignancy of the neoplasm.
Reasons
The exact causes of the development of submucosal tumors in both the cardiac and any other part of the stomach are unknown. However, there are several factors that, according to doctors, can provoke this pathological process:
- Peptic ulcer and gastritis.
- Infection with Helicobacter pylori.
- Hereditary predisposition.
- Unbalanced diet.
- Exposure to the body of chemicals.
- Smoking and alcohol abuse.
The appearance of neoplasms is typical for patients older than 40 years. Oncopathology is detected, usually by chance, during endoscopy. If the carcinoma has grown strongly, the patient may complain of nausea and vomiting, constipation, and aching pain. Leiomyomas in the cardia of the stomach can cause bleeding, leading to anemia.
Therapy
Treatment of the mucosa of the cardial part of the stomach, in which formations were found, involves the use of special preparations. If the nature of the formations is malignant, an emergency surgical intervention is performed. In the case of a benign tumor, the operation is performed as planned. Before this, material is taken for histological examination. After the operation, medication is prescribedtherapy. As a rule, these are drugs that are active against Helicobacter pylori ("De-Nol"), as well as proton pump inhibitors ("Omeprazole").
Forecast and prevention
Chances of recovery after removal of a benign tumor are quite high. In the case of a malignant formation, there is a high probability of metastasis to neighboring organs, which will inevitably lead to a relapse.
Prevention of gastric diseases involves maintaining a he althy lifestyle, proper nutrition, giving up bad habits and regular visits to a specialist.
