An ovarian cyst is a benign neoplasm that occurs in women of any age. Inside it is a fluid held by the tumor membrane.
Ovarian cyst grows at different rates and can reach 7 cm in diameter. If you leave it without proper treatment, then in most cases you have to remove the organ itself, which reduces the likelihood of becoming pregnant by 2 times. In this regard, many women have a question: if a cyst occurs on the ovary, what should I do - treat it right away or leave everything as it is and wait until it resolves?
Signs of appearance
In the early stages of development, the cyst does not manifest itself in any way. This leads to the fact that it is diagnosed only when it affects a large part of the ovary. This usually happens as a result of a routine examination by a gynecologist. That is why it is recommended to visit a specialist at least 2 times a day.year.
In the later stages of development, already with an ovarian cyst of 5 cm or more in diameter, noticeable signs appear:
- Drawing pain in the lower abdomen. It is usually felt after exercise. The pain may radiate to the lower back, making it difficult to properly identify the source.
- Irregularity of the menstrual cycle.
- Pain begins to accompany sexual intercourse.
- The woman becomes barren.
- Vaginal discharge mixed with blood.
If you experience one or more symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor.
Types of cysts affecting the ovaries
Scientists have established not only the symptoms and causes of ovarian cysts in women, but also divided the pathology into types: according to the place of localization and etiology of development.
- The most commonly diagnosed follicular cyst. This is a type of benign tumor that appears from the largest follicle. Time of occurrence - reproductive age. Pathology never passes into the phase of oncological disease, but nevertheless requires mandatory treatment, as it is characterized by severe pain in the lower abdomen and often leads to infertility.
- A positive answer to the question: can an ovarian cyst dissolve, gives a neoplasm of the corpus luteum. It occurs at the site of a burst follicle and within 3-4 months passes on its own. Sometimes the neoplasm itself ruptures, which is accompanied by a largethe amount of blood produced.
- When a woman has a serous cyst, the most striking symptoms of pathology are observed: weakness, nausea, fever, menstrual irregularities and pain in the lower abdomen. Causes a similar picture of the contents of the tumor - serous fluid. The symptoms and causes of this type of ovarian cyst are still being studied, since such neoplasms become visible during external examination and are the most dangerous.
- A paraovarian cyst is found only with an ultrasound examination of the fallopian tube, since that is where it is localized. There is water inside the tumor, so pain in its presence appears extremely rarely. Strong physical exertion usually leads to discomfort.
Causes of pathology
Unambiguous answer to the question of why cysts form on the ovaries, science can not yet give. But there are versions that claim that there are factors that increase the risk of a neoplasm. Here they are:
- The presence of diseases of the endocrine system - the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands.
- Premature termination of pregnancy - abortion.
- Women taking inappropriate birth control pills containing hormones.
- Inflammation of the bladder or urinary tract.
- Kidney failure.
- Infectious disease of the reproductive system.
Diagnostic measures
So, why cysts form on the ovaries, doctors are not completelythey know, but they learned to diagnose them at the earliest stages, when the treatment is easy and fast.
First of all, the doctor takes an anamnesis. The patient is asked about the regularity of her monthly cycle of menstruation, the frequency of sexual intercourse, the presence of pain. It also establishes exactly how a woman is protected from unwanted pregnancy, how many births she had and how many abortions.
The general condition of the woman and her age are taken into account, and most importantly, it is determined at what age she began menstruation and how often they pass. Then a woman is examined by a gynecologist. Instrumental analysis includes the use of an ultrasound apparatus, moreover, with a transvaginal sensor. This device allows you to most accurately and clearly reflect the presence of a cyst, its location, shape, size, content and other parameters.
To determine the characteristics of the neoplasm, color Doppler imaging is sometimes prescribed. Well reflects the state of the pelvic organs and ovaries, in particular, computed tomography.
Diagnosing the formation of an ovarian cyst is not complete without a blood test for the content of female hormones in it. This type of study is carried out on a specific day of the menstrual cycle. Moreover, for each hormone there is a day for delivery and a number of conditions. For example, before testing for hormones, you can not engage in physical work, sports, eat fatty foods, smoke cigarettes and drink alcoholic beverages. The doctor necessarily instructs the woman so that all the required conditions arestrictly enforced.
Determining the quality of a cyst
During diagnostic measures, it is mandatory to check whether the neoplasm is malignant or benign? In other words, did the tumor begin to turn into cancerous? That is why the CA 125 study is being done for an ovarian cyst.
This element is a tumor marker. And if it is found in blood tests, then it is concluded that the cyst can become a harbinger of ovarian cancer. There is no need to panic with a positive result for CA 125: its presence sometimes indicates a simple inflammation in the female reproductive system. That is why a number of specialized studies follow. The diagnosis is never made on only one elevated level of CA 125.
How to behave in the presence of a cyst
Even if the cause of the cyst on the ovaries has not yet been fully established, some precautions must be taken to prevent it from bursting.
First of all, avoid overheating and do not abuse baths or saunas. Severe overheating provokes a cyst to grow, and this can lead to its rupture and severe bleeding.
You can live a sexual life, another thing is that a sharp pain during intercourse often creates discomfort. This forces us to reduce the number of contacts to a minimum.
It is not recommended to actively engage in sports, because with a sharp load, a woman feels pain, and a cyst cantwist on a leg or even burst.
You need to regularly (here it does not matter if the ovarian cyst hurts) check her condition. This procedure is carried out by the attending gynecologist. When the status of the neoplasm changes for the worse, the doctor prescribes the appropriate treatment. It also happens that the cyst passes by itself, but this is only if it was functional, that is, it arose against the background of incomplete ovulation.
Cyst and pregnancy
During pregnancy, a woman's body is rebuilt in order to bear a child. At the same time, her hormonal background also changes dramatically. For example, you need a lot of progesterone until the placenta starts producing it. So in the first 3 months of pregnancy, a corpus luteum cyst sometimes occurs. After this period, it dissolves by itself, as it is no longer needed.
The follicular form of a cyst during pregnancy cannot be in principle, since during this period the follicles do not grow - this process is inhibited by the hormone prolactin. That is why a woman physiologically cannot become pregnant during the period of gestation and during breastfeeding.
If during the first trimester ultrasound revealed the presence of a cyst, then we are often talking about a luteal neoplasm that does not need special treatment. However, it is necessary to be observed by a doctor until she disappears.
Medicated treatment
Because of what an ovarian cyst is formed in a woman, the doctor determines. He also prescribes treatment, unless, of course,neoplasm did not become a natural phenomenon during pregnancy. In particular, it determines the type of drug, its dosage, and most importantly, at what period of the menstrual cycle it should be taken, since most drugs contain synthetic hormones.
For example, "Duphaston" with an ovarian cyst, it is proposed to take in the period from 11 to 22 days of the menstrual cycle. This drug helps the follicle to mature and burst, releasing an egg. But the main thing is that it does not allow it to turn into a cyst during the luteinizing phase of the menstrual cycle. The tool has a rather high cost, but its effectiveness justifies the costs. Many women managed with the help of Duphaston - with an ovarian cyst and a number of other diseases - to adjust their menstrual cycle and get rid of gynecological problems.
You must understand that even if the growth of the tumor proceeds without discomfort, the course of treatment cannot be stopped. For "Duphaston" it is up to 3 months.
Surgical treatment
If medical treatment does not help, the cyst is removed surgically. In the modern world, this operation is not performed by an open method, that is, the doctor does not make incisions on the skin and soft tissues to get to the tumor. Usually, everything is limited to a laparoscopic procedure, during which special tubes with instruments and a micro-camera inside are brought to the ovaries. With their help, the surgeon removes the tumor.
Reviews on laparoscopy of ovarian cysts are only positive: after all, during the operation there is no heavy bleeding, and rehabilitation does not takemore than a few days. There are no large scars on the stomach, which, by the way, take a long time to heal and can become inflamed.
Positive feedback about laparoscopy of ovarian cysts is left not only by patients, but also by the doctors themselves. With proper skill, this procedure is much faster than the outdated open method, which means that a woman may not be under anesthesia for as long as before.
Folk methods
Along with conservative and surgical methods of treatment, there is also therapy with folk remedies. It cannot be considered as the only suitable method. But it can become effective if it is part of a complex of therapeutic measures.
Although it is not completely known why cysts form on the ovaries, long-term observations suggest what can help get rid of them.
- Burdock juice. It is taken from young, still small plants. After collecting the raw materials, the leaves must be thoroughly washed under running water, then dried and squeezed out of them. The product is stored for no more than 3 days, and only in the refrigerator. Take juice for 2 tbsp. spoons 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals for 30 days.
- Acacia flowers. An alcoholic tincture is prepared from them. In 500 g of vodka, pour 4 tbsp. spoons of dried flowers. Stir and put in a dark, warm place for 10 days. Take the remedy as follows: 2 tbsp. spoons 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals. For greater efficiency, it is allowed to alternate the intake of tincture with juice from burdock leaves.
- Before going to bed, you can drink a decoction of the leavesclover. It is easy to prepare: 4 dried pink clover flowers are brewed in 1 liter of boiling water like tea. The remedy is infused for at least 6 hours. You should drink it as soon as it is cooked, since the decoction has a shelf life of only 12 hours.
- Raisin tincture. The remedy is prepared as follows: 300 g of black or yellow raisins are poured into 500 g of vodka and cleaned in a dark, warm place for 15 days. After that, the resulting tincture can be taken in 2 tbsp. spoons 3 times a day before meals. The course of treatment is 30 days. If there is no improvement after this, then therapy should be continued.
- Bow. An effective remedy, according to healers, but you do not need to eat a vegetable. A small bulb is soaked in honey for a day, after which it is inserted into the vagina for 8 hours. It is better to carry out this procedure at night. The course of treatment is 10 days.
- Tincture of needles. A small amount of needles from any tree is about 5 tbsp. spoons - you need to fall asleep in a thermos and pour 500 g of boiling water. The infusion will be ready in 12 hours. You can drink it 3 times a day, 50 g for 3 days. Then - 2 days of rest and again 3 days of admission. There should be at least 7 such circles. According to healers, this is the most effective method of treating ovarian cysts.
Conclusion
Why do cysts form on the ovaries? This fact is not yet known to science. Is it possible to hope that everything will pass by itself? You can, but only under the supervision of a doctor and under certain conditions, for example, during pregnancy.
With this pathology, you do not need to self-medicate, it is better to trust professionals. In thatIn this case, the tumor will definitely not become malignant and will not turn into ovarian cancer. A special role is played by the timeliness of diagnosis and, accordingly, the start of treatment at an early stage.
