Unfortunately, a huge number of people around the world are infected with venereal diseases every day, and some ailments can pose a real threat to human life. In particular, we are talking about syphilis, the causative agent of which is pale treponema. It should be noted that the above disease belongs to the category of infectious, and it proceeds systemically, affecting not only the skin, but also the tissues of internal organs.
Dangerous bacteria
Treponema pallidum is a very thin, long and spiral microorganism that is highly mobile. Previously, it had a different name: lues.
Pale treponema belongs to the class of anaerobes - it does not need oxygen for life. This bacterium can be found in nerve fibers, lymphatic and blood vessels, in interstitial crevices and cells of internal organs.
The virus "destroyed" by macrophages and leukocytes in most cases remains viable and is finally "killed" only with the help of antibiotics. In some cells of the immune system, treponema pallidum ispolymembrane phagosome, and after the leukocyte is destroyed, such membranes can become extracellular.
The bacterium reproduces by transverse division, and this happens every 30-32 hours.
Outside the body, a dangerous microbe is unstable and dies during heat treatment (60-100 degrees Celsius).
Antibodies to the virus
It should be noted that, as a rule, the causative agent of syphilis can be detected on the mucous membranes. Moreover, the disease can be transmitted to others not only sexually. You can also get infected through household items: towels, dishes, personal hygiene items. It should not be forgotten that the milk of an infected mother is also an environment in which the pathogen is present, i.e. the child can also become infected with a venereal disease. The situation is aggravated by the fact that if there is a pale treponema in the blood, then the body is not able to develop immunity to syphilis, which means that anyone can become infected with it again after treatment.
At the same time, it should be noted that many people who became victims of the above ailment produced antibodies to the syphilis virus: during the primary and secondary episode - in 88% and 76% of patients, respectively. The rest of the patients had no "protective" cells at all. In particular, there are no lgM antibodies at all in those who have been treated for syphilis before. However, it is a mistake to assume that the absence of "protective" cells is a sign of "unskilled" treatment. Please note that only in 20% of cases it is possible to detect antibodies to treponema onlatent stage of disease development.
Stages
Certainly, pale treponema is a serious he alth hazard. The symptoms of infection can vary. Let's consider the issue in more detail.
First stage
At the initial phase of the disease, a person develops a hard structure chancre on the mucous membrane of the mouth, rectum or penis.
Also, the patient has an increase in local lymph nodes. Ulcers heal 4-6 weeks after the first signs appear.
Second stage
In the central phase of the course of the disease, a syphilitic rash appears on the body of a symmetrical shape. The patient suffers from headaches, his body temperature rises, he feels unwell. In addition, all lymph nodes increase, in some cases hair loss is observed, and wide condylomas form on the genitals.
Already at the first stage, it is necessary to take measures to treat such a dangerous disease as syphilis. Pale treponema, if not detected in time, can cause irreparable harm to he alth. As a rule, this happens at the third stage of the disease.
Third stage
The advanced form of syphilis is characterized by the following: a person is affected by the nervous system, brain and spinal cord, as well as internal organs.
Treatment methods
Of course, at the initial stage it is not always possible to recognize that pale treponema has entered the human body.
Treatment in this casereduces to zero. It would be a mistake to say that a complicated form of syphilis cannot be cured today.
It should be borne in mind that the sooner the bacterium is detected, the less time it will take to restore he alth. Treatment of the disease at the initial stage takes an average of 2-3 months, but if we are talking about a neglected condition, then the rehabilitation of the body can last 1.5-2 years.
Antibiotics
The first and most effective way to kill the bacterium that causes syphilis is antibiotics. Moreover, it is optimal to use penicillin preparations. Naturally, a doctor should recommend a specific medicine to you, since antibiotics differ in the degree of antibacterial action and the duration of the effect. In some cases, the appointment of penicillin drugs is contraindicated due to individual intolerance. Then the doctor recommends antibiotics of alternative pharmacological classes: azithromycins, fluoroquinolones, streptomycins, macrolides, tetracyclines.
In addition, the patient is prescribed medications that affect the strengthening of the body's immune system.
The fact is that pale treponema has a unique ability to resist immune cells, but the high titer of antibodies to the bacteria does not allow it to show excessive activity.
It must be emphasized that during the treatment period, hygiene recommendations must be observed, in particular, one should refrain from intimacy. ATotherwise, your partner is at risk, who after a while can infect a person again.
Determining whether syphilis has been cured is not an easy task. The problem is that the external signs of this disease can “evaporate” even with a partial cure for the disease. The effectiveness of treatments can be judged by the results of serological reactions, which, it should be noted, can be both false negative and false positive.
Remember that syphilis is a social disease, so its treatment must be approached seriously and responsibly.
