If, in one case or another, tissue damage occurs, it is necessary to apply dressings to the injured area. The types of dressings are diverse, their type is selected depending on the location of the cut, injury. The goals pursued by the application of the dressing are also taken into account. There is a whole science that studies this technique - desmurgy.
Classification of dressings depending on the purpose
Injuries are different: cuts, bruises. Often they are accompanied by bleeding and entry of pathogens into the wound. Therefore, it is important to consider the functionality of the ligation. Types of dressings can perform a protective function, that is, protect the site of injury from infection. Medical dressings are also used. Often they have a lower layer impregnated with a drug necessary for wound healing. A pressure bandage is applied to stop any bleeding.
Types of dressings
The most common materialwhich uses surgery (dressings, other types of damage treatment methods) - gauze. It is a natural material, lightweight, hygroscopic. Among its advantages are the availability of material, easy sterilization. Bandages, napkins, balls of different diameters are made on the basis of gauze. Also used are fabric bandages, plaster (bandages with layers of plaster). Treatment of ulcers is not complete without zinc-gelatin materials. In this case, each layer is impregnated with a special zinc paste. It is worth noting that fabric bandages are used only if there are no gauze bandages. The dressing material is also fixed in a certain way. Often this is an adhesive plaster fastening, adhesive, bandage. A kerchief, T-like, sling-shaped is also possible. There are also different types of ligation. The types of dressings that are used in most cases are circular, spiral bandage, cruciform, tortoiseshell, and also crisscross type.
Requirements for material in direct contact with the wound
Damaged skin and tissue is fraught with the main danger - it is not able to resist the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the body. Therefore, even a small wound can be dangerous to human he alth. The bandage that comes into contact with this area should not only promote blood clotting, but also protect the injury site from fungi, bacteria and viruses. As a rule, in such cases, sterile material is used. Bandages impregnated with antibacterial drugs are also used. To protect the wound from mechanical damage, pressure, a layer of cotton wool or a bandage folded in several layers is necessary. All this should be firmly fixed, but at the same time not squeeze the damaged area.
How to dress minor wounds
The following types of wound dressing are possible, which are characterized by a slight degree of damage. For small cuts, other microtraumas, an adhesive plaster is most often used. It should be with a bandage layer, which is applied directly to the wound. It is necessary to fix it with sticky edges (but not too tight). You can also use a regular bandage. For cuts, criss-cross patching is best. In this case, it is worth fixing the wound tightly, which will allow it to heal. In cases with minor burns (reddened skin, slight pain), sterile gauze is used, which is fixed with adhesive tape. In this case, it is necessary to control that the edges of the tape do not come into contact with the burn. For blisters, there is a special dressing that has a cutout in the center. After applying it, you can cover such an area with a bandage so that the burst bladder does not become a target for infection.
Major Damage Treatment
Compressive bandages are used to stop bleeding. A soft piece of gauze is placed in the center of the wound, around which a thin strip of material is wrapped. All this is fastened with adhesive tape or bandages. There are injuries in which the wound remainsforeign object (splinter, metal, etc.). Taking it out on your own is dangerous. In such cases, a ring bandage is used. It is located around a third-party object and is fixed with a tape. Thus, the pressure in the wound is partially relieved. For injuries such as dislocation or fracture, triangular dressings are recommended. With their help, a sling is formed into which the tire is placed. For second-degree burns (diameter greater than 8 cm, soreness, swelling), a sterile gauze bandage is used to prevent infection.
Head bandaging
There are such types of head bandages: a cap, a simple bandage, a Hippocratic hat, bandaging of eyes, ears. A simple bandage directly covers the cranial vault. A strip of dressing material is placed on the crown, the ends go down. Then a circular ligation is performed. This is the lightest technique, but it does not have great strength. A cap is a similar technique, performed using a circular motion until the entire hairline is covered with a bandage. When applying a “Hippocratic hat” bandage, two bandages are used, one of which makes circular moves, and the other moves back and forth. If the right eye is damaged, then the dressing is carried out from left to right (for the left eye, vice versa). The damaged organ of vision is closed with a circular course of the dressing. In cases of damage to both eyes, a fixing circle is first made. Then, on the crown, forehead, obliquely lowering the bandage, close the left eye. Then from the bottom up they close in the same wayright. If an ear bandage is necessary, then first perform several circles of bandage around the head, then gradually lower the bandage lower, covering the damaged area.
Bandaging. Types of dressings for the abdomen, chest
In case of damage to the abdominal cavity, groin, buttocks, a spike-shaped bandage is applied. First, they make several circular tours around the abdomen. Then the dressing material is led along the side, front, inner thigh. Then the bandage passes along the back, rises up. Thus, several steps are taken. The bandage can be directed up or down. In a similar way, the entire inguinal region is ligated. This operation is performed with wide bandages. For the chest, eight-shaped types of dressings are used, a photo of which is given below. Start it in the lower section, rising to the armpits. Then they move to the left shoulder, under the right armpit. Next, a circular move is performed, fixing the bandage.
Modern types of dressings
In case of extensive injuries, it is possible to use bandages according to Mashtafarov. These types of surgical dressings are made of gauze (fabric) and repeat the shape of the affected area. Recently, the use of mesh-tubular elastic bandages has been widespread. They do not cause discomfort, do not disturb the blood flow, optimally pass the air. With their help, you can bandage the damaged joint, head, abdomen, perineum and without special medical skills. Such a dressingthe material is simply put on the injured area. Be sure to put a sterile bandage on the wound (or impregnated with special preparations). There are such types of data knitted bandages: on the finger, foot, upper limbs, buttocks, hip joint, perineum, chest and abdomen. The use of special powders is also highly effective. Such types of medical "dressings" are applied directly to the wound, extract microbes from it, isolate the affected area without violating hygroscopicity. When using these materials, wounds heal much faster. They are removed with a swab soaked in saline.
