Medical property is a complex of special material resources. They are designed to provide assistance, treatment, diagnosis, prevention of pathologies and lesions, the implementation of anti-epidemic, as well as various sanitary and hygienic measures. This category also includes the equipment of disaster service institutions, units and formations. Further in the article, the characteristics and classification of medical property will be given.
Main categories
There are different types of medical supplies. The main ones include:
- Medicines. This group includes drugs, including antidotes, substances intended to prevent damage from ionizing radiation.
- Immunobiological agents.
- Chemical reagents. These include, among other things, standard titles, as well as setsclinical diagnostic type.
- Deratization, disinsection, disinfectants and repellents.
- Dressing material.
- Medical equipment and accessories.
- Laboratory and pharmacy glassware and other supplies.
- Patient care and other consumable medical supplies.
- Accessories and materials for physiotherapy, dentistry.
- X-ray film and photographic materials. Auxiliaries and more.
Provision of medical equipment for the disaster service
Today, more than 5,500 names of drugs alone are registered and allowed to be used in Russia. In accordance with the classification adopted by the pharmaceutical authorities, they are divided into 90 pharmacological generalized groups. But the conditions of activity of departments of the disaster service put forward requirements for nomenclature minimization and compliance with the circumstances of extreme situations. Thus, according to some participants in the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident and the earthquake in Armenia, with a massive influx of the affected, in some cases, the medical staff, showing confusion, made a mistake when choosing one or another means or material. In this case, the words of Academician Vishnevsky, formerly Chief Surgeon of the SA (Soviet Army), would be appropriate that the more effective the substances aimed at killing the masses of people, the greater the flow of victims, the easier the means used in providing assistance should be. In this regard, despite the existing diversity, the provision of medicalThe property of the disaster service is carried out by selecting the most effective, resistant to the influence of external factors, easy to use and easy to use in special conditions of extreme situations of materials. The World He alth Organization, in particular, has developed a special set. The set of medical equipment intended to provide assistance to victims of emergency situations per 1,000 people for three months includes 12 medicines from 11 pharmacological groups. Auxiliary set for 10 thousand people. for 3 months includes 55 medicines from 40 categories.
Features of equipment materials
A special list of medicines has been developed for the disaster service. It covers about 60 pharmacological groups. The most common agents are in ready-made forms, factory-made, as a rule, in individual dosage, dressings, agents for connecting tissue fragments and a number of other items in a sterile form. Their nomenclature, in comparison with that used in the daily activities of clinics, is significantly reduced without prejudice to the provision of assistance in full. The selected medical equipment includes modern facilities designed for long-term storage and use in extreme conditions. It contains drugs from the main pharmaceutical groups, both a wide range and specific ones. For equipment, mobile or portable, portable equipment is selected. It is suitable for use inhospital conditions and emergency situations.
Nomenclature
To establish it, the norms for the supply of medical equipment are used. Its quantity is also established, which is necessary for use in certain conditions. In addition, a reserve of medical property is being formed in case of extreme situations. These activities are carried out on the basis of the predicted amount of assistance provided by the affected institutions and departments of the disaster service, their organizational and staff units, the structure and number of sanitary losses, such as human injury. The supply rate is a quantitative, scientifically substantiated indicator of a unit of medical property. It is set to be issued to a formation, subdivision, service institution to perform the prescribed amount of work over a certain period of time. Rationing of medical property is carried out by special centers on the basis of the design parameters established by the Ministry of He alth of the Russian Federation. They provide for the number and nomenclature of funds for the elimination of the corresponding consequences of a particular type of emergency. These include, in particular, earthquakes, infectious lesions of a mass type, accidents at radiation or chemical hazardous enterprises, and others.
Table
Based on this document, the medical property received at the disposal, as well as used to provide assistance, is recorded. It establishes the quantity and list of means and materials provided for equipping an institution or forming a service in accordance with the purpose of the unit. Medicinalfunds are listed by pharmacological, equipment - by commodity groups, and other items - by types and other categories that determine the range of their use. The medical property included in this document is called personnel.
Composition of the list
It is determined taking into account the needs of the institution or formation according to its intended purpose, based on the need to provide assistance in the prescribed amount and type to a specific number of victims of the corresponding profile over a certain period. The composition, as funds are spent, is replenished depending on the actual need, at the end of work in emergency situations - up to the volume indicated in the report card. Today, there are lists for equipping a multidisciplinary field hospital and 19 types of brigades for the provision of specialized medical care. These include:
- Surgical.
- Traumatological.
- Neurosurgical.
- Toxicological.
- Burn.
- Obstetrics and Gynecology.
- Pediatric surgery and others.
For each brigade, medical equipment is calculated to provide specialized assistance to a specific number of victims. Particularly for:
- Toxico-therapeutic – 25 pax
- Infectious, transfusiological - 50.
- Laboratory diagnostic, psychiatric - 100.
- Other profiles - 10 people.
The medical property of the hospital, in accordance with the report card, is designed to providequalified assistance (with elements of specialized) in the capacity of 200-250 people. per day. The reserve of funds is intended to replenish the spent material by brigades, the hospital and to provide assistance to victims at the disaster service centers. The necessary reserve of emergencies is stored in accordance with the rules determined by the Ministry of He alth of the Russian Federation.
Classification of medical property
There are different ways to separate funds and materials. In particular, categories are distinguished by purpose, physicochemical, pharmacological and other signs and properties. In Russia, the "General Classifier" is widely used, in many industry sections of which there are medical supplies and materials. This, in turn, significantly complicates the application of the document. In practical he althcare, there are three main classes of medical property. These include:
- Drugs.
- Medical equipment.
- Items and materials for patient care.
The first class is divided into the following categories of funds by:
- Hazardous physical, chemical and pharmacological properties.
- Toxicity.
- Aggregate state.
- Sensitivity to external factors.
- How to use.
- Release form.
Patient care items, in turn, are divided into categories according to the material from which they are made, purpose, and so on. Medical equipment is classified according to design features, functional purpose (devices, instruments, instruments, equipment). The means and materials used by the disaster service are divided into two groups according to their purpose: stocks and current equipment. Each of them includes both equipment and medicines. The second group includes items used in daily activities of a therapeutic and prophylactic and research nature, as well as for educational purposes. The first group includes tools and materials for use in emergencies.
Stocks
They are divided into irreducible and reserve property. The second includes the means and materials for equipping the formations and institutions of the disaster service, used in accordance with the decisions of the heads of centers or he alth management bodies. The irreducible reserve includes property for supplying reprofiled and additionally deployed beds for units of the medical and preventive profile and the formations formed by them. It is intended for use in emergency situations of wartime and peacetime.
Inventory storage
Protection of medical property is carried out by creating the necessary conditions for its safety, serviceability and readiness for use within a certain time frame. Funds and materials of an irreducible stock are kept in the warehouses of specialized institutions that have MSGO assignments. The property of the reserve is stored in the respective warehouses of the disaster service centers. Forcertain measures are taken to maintain the proper condition of funds and materials. In particular, an inventory of medical property is regularly carried out. To prevent damage before the expiration date, items are replaced with new ones. At the same time, medical equipment confiscated from warehouses is accounted for. Stocks are sold for later use before the expiration date. At the same time, medical property is being written off from warehouses. Instead, funds and materials with a long storage period are received. To facilitate the sale of property withdrawn from warehouses, in accordance with the Government Decree, the amount of reduction in selling free prices is established. The expenditure of reserves is allowed only for the provision of necessary assistance to victims in emergency situations. After that, the volume of property is subject to full restoration.
Tool kits
Kits form a separate group of medical equipment. They are packed in a special container. The composition of the sets is regulated by quantity. The kits are intended to equip formations and functional units of the disaster service. The composition may include equipment, medicines and other materials and objects of different groups. Surgical instruments for equipping the formations and institutions of the disaster service are presented in the form of special sets. They include items that have a single functional purpose for the implementation of a specific type of work and are placed in the prescribed manner in one container (packaging). There are sets of specialized and general surgic altools:
- Operational.
- Dressing.
- Traumatological.
- Dental and others.
Set formation
In the recruitment process, specialists adhere to certain principles. Specifically:
- The placement of items in the container is carried out taking into account the convenience during deployment and subsequent work.
- The distribution of property is carried out in one or more stowage in accordance with the weight and overall dimensions.
- Drugs are grouped by form type.
- Medications of list "A", psychotropic and narcotic drugs are separated from other items and placed in one box.
- Items are distributed in containers in accordance with physical and chemical properties (flammable, volatile, odorous, flammable, etc.) and mutual compatibility.
Depending on the conditions of use, items are packaged in disposable containers (cardboard box, plywood box, bag, etc.) or multiple (wooden boxes, cases, bags, etc.) use. The packaging must meet the established requirements for portability and strength, tightly closed.
Set Benefits
The supply of medical equipment in the form of kits has a number of advantages in comparison with the supply of individual units. Thanks to the creation of sets, the implementation of the basic requirements that apply to the list of means and materials in the formations of the disaster service is carried out. ATIn particular, efficiency is achieved in the transportation of medical equipment to the centers of sanitary mass losses, a high speed of folding and deploying functional units, and the clarity of the evacuation stages are ensured. Equally important is also the convenience in the direct performance of work to provide the necessary assistance to victims of emergencies. Thanks to the content of surgical items in the form of kits for the implementation of specific operational activities, the preparation and subsequent implementation of neurosurgical, gynecological, urological and other interventions are accelerated and greatly facilitated. At the same time, the task of preparing applications for the supply of medical equipment is greatly simplified. The kits are easy to transport and store in the field. The contents of the packages are to a certain extent protected from the negative impact of environmental factors (precipitation, dust, solar radiation, etc.), damaging elements of emergencies, and mechanical damage. In order to increase the safety of means and equipment during transportation, the sets inside the container are provided with pull-out sections and liners, partitions and gaskets made of shock-absorbing materials, dividing the internal space into cells, nests, compartments, etc.
More information
The kits use medicines that have only a large margin of the total expiration date. Components and items of equipment, including surgical instruments,immediately before the investment, they are checked for serviceability and availability of all necessary parts. With prolonged storage, they are protected from corrosion. Replenishment of spent stocks of funds and materials from sets is carried out piece by piece in the course of its receipt from warehouses and pharmacies. The exceptions are sets of dressing items and tires, sanitary bags. They are fully replenished.
Equipment of army units
At all times, the medical service of the Russian troops was entrusted with carrying out sanitary-hygienic, medical-evacuation, anti-epidemic measures, as well as taking measures to protect against weapons of mass destruction. The fulfillment of these tasks is possible in case of full equipment with the necessary means and materials. During the period of hostilities, the expenditure of property is carried out in fairly large volumes. So, for example, during the Belarusian operation of 1944, the institutions used up about two million bandages and 39 tons of absorbent cotton. During the Oryol-Kursk military operations, 100 wagons of property were used. More than 31 thousand wagons were sent from the central warehouse to the front during all the years of the war. Thanks to this, military doctors were able to put more than 90% of the sick and about 72% of the wounded into service. In modern conditions of warfare, the expense and need for medical equipment is significantly increasing due to the large mass casu alties.
