To carry out all kinds of movements in the human body, there are muscles that are divided into three main types. These are: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. Each has its own purpose and different structure.
Purpose of muscles in the human body
The very first and main purpose of them in the body is to support the bones and internal organs. Muscles completely cover the human body and carry the main goal - to support and provide motor functions. Each movement of our body is provided by muscle tissue, and this is not only the movement of the arms and legs, but blinking, swallowing, processing and moving food, the work of the heart. Without muscle tissue, the human body is unable to function.
The structure of the muscular corset
All human muscles can be divided into groups according to their purpose and location.
| Groups | Muscles |
| Upper limb attachment |
|
| Spine support |
|
| Transverse ostitis |
|
| Intertransverse |
|
| Posterior vertebral suboccipitals |
|
| Baby |
|
| Anterior abdominal wall |
|
| Posterior abdominal wall |
|
It is much easier to consider them in larger groups, for example, dividing them into three main ones. So, the muscles of the body include:
- dorsal;
- chest;
- abdominal.
The muscles of the body include the dorsal superficial and deep.
Superficial back muscles
Superficial muscles are represented as follows:
- The trapezius muscle, attached to all the vertebrae of the thoracic region and its second end to the clavicle and scapular spine, is responsible for bending the head. She is responsible for the movement of the scapula. The top goes up and the bottom goes down. When the arms are pulled back, the middle part of the muscle brings the shoulder blades closer to the spine. Also attached to the base of the skull and neck.
- The latissimus dorsi muscle, following the trapezius, is attached to all other parts of the spine of the lower part and to the vertebrae of the anterior chest, thus covering the entire body with a full turn. It is not only a corset for the human body, but also pulls the shoulders and arms back, while turning them inward. It is one of those that belong to the "big muscles" group, as it is one of the largest in the entire body.
- Rhomboid muscles, both large and small, lie under the trapezius and are attached with their bundles to the lower cervical and capture 4 vertebrae of the thoracic region, and the other end is attached to the bone of the scapula and is responsible for its approach to the center.
- The levator scapula is just above the rhomboids on the back of the neck. With one end it is attached to two cervical and two thoracic vertebrae, and with its other part it is fixed on the upper rib. This is a good neck holder that lifts the shoulder blade up.
- The lower and upper serratus posterior muscles. The lower one is located obliquely on the back and begins in the lumbar region, attaching to the first four lower ribs. Responsible for lowering the ribs. The upper one is located under the diamond-shaped ones and is attached to the upper ribs, starting from the 2nd to the 5th, with its other end holding on to the cervical vertebrae. Responsible for raising the ribs.
Deep back muscles
The muscles of the body also include the lateral and medial, which are located on both sides of the spinal column, stretching from the sacrum to the back of the head. The lateral ones are responsible for straightening the back and are superficial. The medial muscles are located at the very bottom relative to the others and consist of groups of small muscle bundles thrown across the spine. And also these muscles include the belt muscles of the head and neck, which are involved in all movements and are a kind of corset.
Pectorals
The muscles of the thoracic region can be divided into two groups, which include the upper muscles of the limbs and the shoulder girdle:
- The pectoralis major muscle is the uppermost, triangular in shape and starts from the clavicle nearshoulder, joining the sternum from the 2nd to the 7th rib. The pectoralis major muscle is responsible for moving the arm forward and inward, and is also involved in raising the ribs when inhaling.
- The pectoralis minor muscle is located somewhat deeper and is attached at one end to the shoulder blade, and at the other to the ribs, from the 2nd to the 5th. Participates in its forward and downward movement and, like the large one, is a rib lifter on inspiration.
- Another representative of the small muscles is the subclavian. It is stretched between the collarbone and the upper right rib. Pulls it downwards, thus fixing and holding.
- The serratus anterior encircles the lateral surface of the chest. One of its ends is attached to the 9th rib, and the other - to the lower corner of the edge of the scapula. Pulls her forward, rotates. This is necessary to move the arm above the horizontal position. Also, in conjunction with the rhomboid muscle, presses the shoulder blade tightly to the body.
Respiratory muscles
The muscles of the trunk also include those involved in breathing. The external and internal intercostal muscles are located between the ribs and are the main participants in inhalation and exhalation.
The diaphragm is the most unusually located flat muscle that has a domed appearance. It is directed with the convex part upwards. By its action it is a piston pump, for the implementation of the breathing function. It is this muscle that compresses and unclenches the lungs, forcing them to fill with air and freeing them from it. The diaphragm is attached around the entire perimeter of the chest. She isstretched over the ribs, spine, lower chest.
Abdominal muscles
They are represented by five main ones, including the abdominal muscles.
- The external oblique muscle attaches to the lower eight ribs and posteriorly to the iliac crest, thus being located under the pectoralis major and to the level where limb muscles such as the femurs, quadriceps and others begin to attach.
- The internal oblique muscle is located under the external, starting from the lower rib, attaching to the lumbar-thoracic fascia and inguinal ligaments, and behind - to the lower ribs. The oblique muscles serve as a corset for the internal organs of the abdominal cavity and are involved in flexion, extension and tilt, as well as rotation of the body.
- The transverse muscle is located below the obliques and is attached to the lower ribs, starting from the 6th, and then to the lumbo-thoracic fascia, the iliac crest and the inguinal ligament.
- The rectus abdominis muscle lies outside and consists of 8 muscle bundles that pass into each other. They begin on the sternum and descend from the 5th ribs to the pubic bone itself. Their second name is the abdominal muscles. The rectus muscle is the main muscle in flexion and extension of the trunk in the forward direction.
- The quadratus lumborum starts from the iliac crest and attaches to the lumbar spine, forming the posterior abdominal wall. Holds the muscular corset of the abdominal cavity. Participates in the extension of the trunk back, as well as in bending forward.
The movement of muscles fills the body with life. Whatever a person does, everythingmovements, even those that we sometimes do not pay attention to, are contained in the activity of muscle tissue. This is an active part of the musculoskeletal system, which ensures the functioning of its individual organs.
