Every mother should ask herself the question: "Am I doing everything possible for the safety of my child?" Many women now refuse to vaccinate their children, but what is more terrible: a reaction to the vaccine, which will pass in a couple of days, or a dangerous disease, the consequences of which can be unpredictable? We offer you to get acquainted with the most common vaccines and revaccination procedures against measles, rubella, mumps.
Beware of danger
The vaccine was invented for a reason. There are diseases from which you can expect anything. Having been ill with them at a young age, you can remain disabled for life or, even worse, lose your life altogether. Girls whose mothers refused to be vaccinated against rubella and measles at one time are at risk of getting sick during the most important period of their life - during pregnancy.
If the mother-to-be transmits the virus to the fetus, it can end badly. In most cases, doctors insist ontermination of pregnancy, regardless of the term.
It is worth recalling that quite recently a large outbreak of measles was recorded in Ukraine, which affected thousands of children. This once again proves the fact that these diseases have not died, but are only dormant. And those mothers who are afraid of vaccinations once again endanger their child. Prior to mass vaccination, thousands of boys were sterile and girls were deaf for life due to the diseases listed above.
Diseases in brief
To understand why childhood illnesses are so dangerous, let's look at each of them briefly. Measles, rubella and mumps are viral infections, which means they are easily transmitted by airborne droplets. Upon contact with a sick person, the chance of contracting measles is 95%, rubella is 98%, mumps is 40%. These dangerous viruses can only reproduce inside the human body.
Mumps (Mumps)
The primary signs of this disease are typical of a common respiratory infection (ARVI): the child loses his appetite, he develops weakness, his body temperature rises to 38 ° C, he may complain of a headache. These symptoms begin to occur two weeks after the virus has already entered the body.
Then, within 2-3 days, there is a sharp increase in temperature to 39 ° C and above and swelling of the salivary glands. The latter is the main symptom of mumps. The glands swell very strongly, increase two or even three times. It is impossible to touch, very painful. In boys, the testicles swell, which can lead toinfertility.
The MMR vaccine is currently the only way to prevent serious consequences after measles, mumps and rubella. These diseases are extremely dangerous for pregnant women. Therefore, vaccinations are given in childhood, so that stable immunity develops by maturity.
Measles
The incubation period for measles is 1-2 weeks, during which time symptoms may not appear. The disease begins with general malaise, slight fever, nasal congestion and dry cough. During this period, the patient is especially contagious. The eyes may water, the shell is susceptible to attack by bacteria, and conjunctivitis develops. Occasionally there is diarrhea and abdominal pain.
After the first signs, secondary ones appear - a rash all over the body. First, it is noticeable on the mucous membrane of the cheeks, on the face, behind the ears, and then spreads throughout the body within a few hours.
Children's measles infection is dangerous because it has severe complications. If the diagnosis is not made on time, there is a very high probability of getting bronchitis, pneumonia or encephalitis. Pregnant women need to avoid large crowds and eliminate the chance of encountering measles, as this disease is detrimental to the fetus.
Rubella
If you get rubella in childhood, it will pass in a mild form. But for adults, this is a very dangerous virus. The illness begins with rashes all over the body. First on the face, then on the neck, then red spots spread to all areas of the skin.
Also,fever, headache, eyes redden. Lymph nodes are enlarged, the general condition is weak, accompanied by cough and runny nose.
How to protect the body
Despite the fact that childhood infections are considered mild in terms of how a child carries them, they have severe consequences for the body. Instead of waiting for the child to get sick and develop immunity to diseases, a small amount of active virus is introduced into the body at an early age so that immunity kicks in and antibodies are produced. Thus, vaccination is the main method of protection against measles, rubella, mumps.
You need to protect the body from birth. Newborn babies are immune from their mother, allowing them to block many dangerous viral infections. But it only works for six months. The vaccine against measles, rubella, mumps is a comprehensive vaccination that allows you to protect your child from three dangerous diseases at once.
Vaccination schedule
The Ministry of He alth has developed a recommended plan for vaccinations. For the first time, children are brought to the manipulation room at the age of one to get an injection against measles, rubella and mumps. The vaccination scheme adopted in Russia is presented below:
- First time at 12 months. A deviation of 6 months is allowed.
- At 6 years old.
- At 15-17 years old.
- At 22-29 years old.
- At age 32-39, then every 10 years.
There are times when parents refuse to administer the MMR vaccine. Then already adult children are in stillgreater danger. They have not developed immunity, and the slightest outbreak of the disease can lead to unpredictable consequences. Therefore, it is allowed to administer the vaccine against measles, rubella, mumps for the first time at the age of 13. Then you should stick to the schedule. Revaccination of measles, rubella, mumps will be carried out at 22-29 years old to form a stable immunity, and then repeated every 10 years.
Why do we need repeat treatments?
An adult can easily "pick up" an unpleasant disease from children. It's all about our immunity. If the body has not encountered the "enemy" for a long time, then it begins to forget how it looks. In other words, the antibody cells begin to disappear, being replaced by new ones with more up-to-date information about the attacking viruses. Therefore, revaccination of measles, rubella, mumps was created in order to "refresh" information about dangerous enemies in the memory of the immune system.
Adults should rush to the doctor's office for a referral if:
- there are sick children in the close environment;
- one of the relatives has cancer;
- a very weak baby was born.
These precautions are needed not so much for an adult, but for those with whom he contacts. After all, moms and dads work, are in a society where potentially dangerous people can be. And if the parents do not get sick themselves, then there is a chance that they will become carriers of a dangerous virus to those who should not be sick.
Measles, rubella, mumps revaccination should be done by women before pregnancy. Especially if the pregnancy is planned in advance. With rubella, there will most likely be a miscarriage - in 95% of cases. Parotitis is dangerous not so much for a child as for a newly-made mother, since she will not be able to feed him, and it is not known what neurological consequences will be after the illness.
Thus, it is obvious that it is necessary to observe the terms of measles, rubella, mumps revaccination in order to protect yourself and your loved ones even in adulthood.
How to prepare for vaccination
Before you go to the pediatrician, prepare your child:
- Take body temperature, check for runny nose and cough.
- Before vaccination, you must definitely see a pediatrician who will write a referral. Try not to stand in line with sick children, remember who you will be behind, and spend the rest of the time on the street.
- It is advisable to donate blood for analysis before the procedure.
- If the child is registered with a neurologist, you need to consult with him, you may need anticonvulsants.
- The day before you should not visit crowded places.
- Try not to overfeed the baby in the morning, it is better to give as much water as possible to drink.
Many mothers are interested in where they get vaccinated against measles, rubella, mumps. At the age of one, it is most convenient to inject into the leg, in a place above the knee. Older children, at 6 and 10 years old, are injected with a syringe under the shoulder blade or on the inside of the right shoulder.
When measles, rubella, mumps revaccination is done, the medicine is notinjected into the gluteal muscle. This is due to the fact that in this place the muscles are strongly compressed, and absorption into the blood is rather slow, which reduces the immune response.
How children tolerate vaccination
In different years of life, children may react differently to the introduction of the drug. A more formed body has strong protection, while a one-year-old baby is not yet ready to face dangerous viruses. Consider which vaccines give reactions.
Measles, rubella, mumps are live viruses that are administered in small quantities. In fact, the child is deliberately infected and suffers from three diseases at once, but they pass in a very mild form and last a maximum of three days.
In a year, the baby may show symptoms of a cold: runny nose, redness of the throat, headache, general malaise, slight fever. A characteristic sign of childhood diseases is a rash, which is also likely for a post-vaccination reaction. The area where the injection was given may cause reddening of the skin.
Revaccination at 6 years of age against measles, rubella, mumps gives the same symptoms as in the first year of life. In rare cases, complications such as bronchitis or pneumonia may occur. But they appear when the child has already been vaccinated with a cold, or there was incorrect behavior immediately after the procedure.
There are specific symptoms of a reaction to a particular component of the vaccine. Consider them.
Complications and reactions after measles vaccine administration
Herewhat might happen:
- small swelling or redness may appear at the injection site, which will disappear after 2 days;
- cough may appear immediately, or maybe for 6-11 days;
- decrease in appetite, in which you can not force the child to eat, but you need to give a lot to drink;
- occasionally nose bleeds;
- temperature can vary from 37°C to 38.5°C.
- measles is characterized by the appearance of rashes first on the head, and then all over the body.
Children are all completely different, and if one child easily tolerates the vaccine, then another may experience more serious complications. Any mom should know what happens:
- weakening of the body as a result of frequent vomiting, diarrhea, high fever;
- any viral infection is accompanied by inflammation, which can go to the brain, leading to seizures;
- an allergic reaction is not excluded, manifested not only by a rash, but also by Quincke's edema or anaphylactic shock.
The reaction of the body to the mumps component in the combination vaccine
Mumps is the easiest to bear. Of the characteristic features - a slight increase in the parotid salivary glands, which is observed for 2-3 days, and then disappears. The reaction appears on the second day, less often on the eighth and very rarely on days 14-16.
As with measles, the mumps vaccine can cause a toxic reaction that occurs 2 weeks after the procedure, severe allergies or headaches.
Body reactionfor the rubella component in the combination vaccine
Children with a weak rubella virus may have swollen lymph nodes, fever, but not more than 3 days. Rarely there are pains in the joints. A rash may appear more often. It looks like small red or purple roseolas.
What to do after vaccination?
As after any vaccination, doctors do not recommend walking a lot on this day, if the weather is cold, visiting crowded places and swimming. These precautions are necessary in order not to burden the weakened body and not cause another virus attack.
If a child has no appetite, do not force him to eat. General malaise and headaches plus fever - signs of a cold on the face. Do you feel hungry when you are not feeling well? No.
You need to give plenty of warm liquids to drink: compote, tea, water.
If the temperature is above 38.5 °C, the child feels bad, then it is worth giving an antipyretic. Be sure to give an antihistamine for allergies the day before and after the vaccination.
Severe cases with severe symptoms of one of the diseases, prolonged vomiting (more than three days) require medical attention and hospitalization.
Who should not be vaccinated against measles, rubella, mumps
The ideal time to vaccinate children (measles, rubella, mumps) is when they are safe and he althy. Children with chronic diseases need to wait until they are in remission before they can be vaccinated. But there are times when the procedure needs to be postponed or canceled altogether.
Permanent contraindications to vaccination:
- cases where there was a strong reaction to a previous vaccination with a manifestation of neurological abnormalities;
- immune diseases, oncological processes;
- The triple vaccine should not be given to children who are allergic to aminoglycosides and egg white.
Temporary contraindications:
- chemotherapy procedures;
- exacerbation of chronic diseases;
- viral infection SARS or influenza;
- recent administration of immunoglobulin or blood components.
In all cases, the vaccination is postponed for several weeks or months on the recommendations of the pediatrician.
Types of MMR vaccines
All modern vaccines are made in such a way that a person is guaranteed to develop immunity to dangerous diseases. The vaccination can be three-, two- and monocomponent, which suggests that they can be replaced with one another during revaccination. Types of vaccines:
- "Ervevax" is a monovaccine of Belgian origin. Only protects against rubella.
- "Rudivax" - developed in France against rubella. The upside is that immunity lasts for 20 years.
- Cultural dry measles vaccine. This is a domestic medicine with proven effectiveness. Antibodies develop as early as 28 days after injection and remain in the memory of immunity for 18 years.
- "Ruvax" is a one-component measles vaccine from France. The drug has proven itself well in our country. It is allowed to be administered to children withten months old.
- The live mumps vaccine is another drug from Russia, but it protects against mumps. It has a long-term effect - immunity to the disease lasts at least 18 years.
Three-component vaccines
MMP-II. A very popular vaccine. Children easily tolerate it, it can be administered together with DPT and DTP, the polio and chickenpox vaccine. With its help, antibodies to three dangerous diseases are produced in 98% of people. They make it in two legs at a time.
Priorix is a Belgian vaccine that, thanks to additional purification methods, is considered the safest. The reaction of children to the administration of the drug is the smallest after the procedure with Priorix. It is preferred by most mothers in our country. Has contraindications. Do not administer the drug to people with hypersensitivity to the egg component.
Two-component vaccines
There are imported and domestic drugs containing active viruses against two diseases. Usually it is mumps-measles or measles-rubella. Such vaccines are not popular with doctors because they require additional administration of a drug against the remaining disease. They are rarely used.
To do or not to do?
After parents began to be allowed to refuse vaccinations, disputes began about their expediency. The opinion of those who are "for" vaccinations:
- Vaccination is necessary first of all in order to protect the child. And even if he gets sick, the disease will pass much easier and without complications.
- If the child is notdo injections, then it will attract all the sores like a magnet.
- Popular vaccination avoids epidemics.
Opinions of those who are "against":
- poor quality of current vaccines;
- serious risk of complications;
- measles, rubella, mumps are rare, and the child can avoid infection, why injure him once again with an injection;
- The danger of viral infections is exaggerated, children easily tolerate the disease.
Now let's give some statistics comparing those who got sick without vaccination and those who protected their body.
| Infection and type of complication | Complication rate after illness, no vaccination | Complication rates in those who have been vaccinated |
| Measles | ||
| Encephalitis | 1 case in 2000, death rate 25-30% | 1 in a million. 1 person has died since 1977 |
| Pathology of the respiratory system | 40% of cases | Not Registered |
| Rubella | ||
| Encephalitis | 1 case in 2000 | Not Registered |
| Arthritis | 50% of cases | Short-term joint pain without the development of arthritis |
| Mumps | ||
| Meningitis | 1 case per 200-5000 people | 1 in a million |
| Orchitis | 1 case per 20 | NotRegistered |
Unfortunately, a reaction to a vaccine can cause diseases such as encephalitis. It develops in those children who have a pathology of the nervous system in an open or latent form. Those who have too weak immunity, unable to withstand the attack of viruses, are also at risk. But the latter case is even rarer. It is dangerous to vaccinate such children against any diseases.
Encephalitis occurs once per 1,000,000 vaccinated children. If a child has a stomach ache for a long time or pneumonia suddenly begins to develop, then the vaccine is only indirectly related to this. Apparently, the body was already fighting bacteria, but this did not manifest itself, and when the attention of the immune system was switched to fighting the newly introduced viruses, the pre-existing bacteria began to act actively, which led to unpleasant consequences.
