Young children are masters of getting into trouble. The thirst to know the world makes these tireless fidgets climb everywhere, they strive to touch and feel everything, to determine what object tastes. Naturally, such curiosity is fraught with unpredictable consequences. You can get injured in the skin or broken bones, poison yourself with a chemical or inedible berries, get burned during experiments with matches, stuff small parts of a toy into your nose or ear. The list of consequences of a child's behavior can be long. Parents and educators should be prepared to provide first aid to a child.
First of all, you need to react as calmly as possible to what happened, so as not to cause a panic reaction in the baby. Yelling won't help! You need to act calmly and instantly. Therefore, the rules for providing first aid to children need to be well known, then the actions will be automatic. The sooner you can react to an injury, the better for your baby's he alth.
The article discusses the main types of trouble that can happen to a child at home or on the street, in kindergarten or school. For each specific case, it is described how to conduct first aid for children in such a situation.
Bruises without dissection
If a child hits and the place immediately turns red and hurts, in no case should you rub it, as many parents do. First of all, you need to apply cold to the bruised place. It can be any metal object, such as a spoon or ladle. If it's summer outside, you can use frozen food from the refrigerator. You can’t keep a cold object constantly, as you can provoke frostbite and aggravate the situation. It must be removed for a while, then applied again, the item must be wrapped with a napkin or handkerchief.
If such first aid is unpleasant for the child and he resists, you can use a compress, after holding the towel under cold water. Cooling procedures are done within 5 minutes, it is necessary to repeat the operation several times. On the second day, the procedures are of a warming nature so that the hematoma resolves faster. To do this, you can make a warm compress or iodine mesh. If there is a bruise on the limb, then it must be immediately lifted so as not to provoke swelling.
Abrasions and minor wounds
In the warm season, all children suffer from "asph alt" disease, fall and rip offthe top layer of the skin, most often it occurs on the knees. Such wounds do not require medical intervention, but the child needs first aid. First of all, the abrasion must be washed under sewage, as dirt gets into the wound when it falls. Then they treat the damaged area with hydrogen peroxide, moistening a bandage or cotton wool.
If the wound is small and does not get wet, it is recommended to leave it open so that the place dries out faster under the influence of air. If the wound is weeping and bleeding, then it is necessary to firmly press it with a bandage and hold it for a while. Then it is best to apply a sterile dressing or attach a bactericidal patch.
First aid for a child with a burn
If a child has received a thermal burn, then you should immediately start cooling the affected skin area. Do this under running cold water for a long time until the pain disappears. You can’t touch the burn with your fingers, as well as lubricate the wound with oil or ointment. If blisters have grown at the site of the burn, then after cooling, apply a sterile bandage and seek further help from a doctor.
If the burn is severe, the clothes are burned and stuck to the body, in no case should you tear them off. You can only trim the hanging edges around. You can cool the burn only with waste cold water. Ice is applied, previously wrapped in a napkin. Do not break blisters and tear off burned skin. After providing first aid to children at home, you need to call an ambulance and goto a hospital for treatment under medical supervision.
Child's ear hurts
Quite often, colds in children are accompanied by inflammation in the hearing organs. Ear pain is sharp and very severe. At the same time, the child becomes lethargic, often cries, holds on to the ear, from which discharge can be seen. First aid for a child with ear pain can be provided at home. First you need to relieve severe pain with special means, the doctor will help you choose the drug. Then apply a compress to the affected ear. To do this, several layers of gauze or bandage must be soaked in alcohol and put a bandage around the ear. You can make a hole in the middle, and just put gauze on your ear in this way. From above, the compress is covered first with a plastic bag, on top of which something warm is placed. It can be a wool scarf or a scarf.
If ear pain is accompanied by fever, then give the baby an antipyretic according to his age. A cotton swab soaked in boric acid helps well. It is inserted into the ear. In this case, heat is released, which warms the organ from the inside, which leads to relief. If this is not the first case of the disease in your baby and the doctor has already prescribed drops, then you can drip the drug into the ear, turning the child on its side. Well help with inflammatory processes "Otipaks" or "Otinum". But it is not recommended to treat the ear on its own, since there can be several causes of inflammation. The next morning, be sure to visit a doctor forconsultation.
Insect Bite Help
Summer is the time for mosquitoes and other insects whose bites bring great anxiety. A child after a mosquito or small midge bite can strongly comb the skin, make an infected wound. To prevent the entry of germs, the bite site must be treated immediately. To do this, put a cold compress on the body. It will reduce pain. If severe itching begins, then you can give the child an antihistamine: Suprastin or Loratadin. You can lubricate the wound with an anti-allergic ointment, for example, Fenistil. First aid for a child with folk remedies is as follows:
- put soda gruel in place of the bite;
- wipe with a cotton swab dipped in vinegar or kefir;
- spread with tomato juice;
- put washed plantain leaf.
If another child bit the baby
Often, young children use various methods of attacking their abuser. Even the teeth are used. If this happened to your child, then you need to be able to provide first aid when a child is bitten by another baby. If the skin is not bitten to blood, then it will be enough to wash the wound with laundry soap. If desired, you can lubricate the bite site with "Rescuer" for a speedy recovery.
If the skin is bitten to blood, then the wound should be treated with hydrogen peroxide or "Chlorhexine" and seek medical help.
Bone broken
You can determine that a child has a fracture in a fall by examining the impact site. First babywill experience severe, sharp pain. Secondly, there is a visible deformation of the bone and the impact site quickly swells. There is only one conclusion - to urgently go to the hospital and do an x-ray. First aid for children is to apply cold to the damaged part of the body and fix the bone to immobilize it.
This requires a splint. Not only the damaged bone itself, but also adjacent joints on both sides should be at rest. As a fixative, you can use thick cardboard folded several times, a board, a stick or a piece of plywood. Pre-wrap the tire with layers of gauze or bandage, a clean towel. During transportation, you need to ensure maximum peace of mind for the child. If the fracture is displaced or open, then it is better to call an ambulance. Before her arrival, you can only give an anesthetic so that there is no pain shock, and rinse the open wound with an anesthetic. Under no circumstances should you move.
Poisoning
Children love to taste everything, so parents should be extremely careful not to leave chemicals, medicines and all kinds of poisons in accessible places. Indeed, in large quantities, even ordinary vitamins can cause poisoning.
If you still did not see, and the child ate something that is not needed, call an ambulance and provide first aid at home. Children need to remove a dangerous substance from their mouth with a damp cloth, give them to drink as much clean water as possible. It is strictly forbidden to give milk, since poisons will only get into the blood faster. In a metal spoon, crush the activated charcoal tablets and give to the baby (1 tablet per 10 kg of the child's weight).
If the child is unconscious, then you need to turn him on his side so that he does not choke when he vomits. You can not independently cause a gag reflex. Wait for the doctors.
Electric shock
Toddler curiosity often has dire consequences. The socket and electrical appliances in the house are dangerous, you need to protect the child in advance from a possible electric shock. There should be plugs in sockets, and it is best to hide all wires behind furniture or in special boxes. There are cases when children bite the wire or suck it, receiving a strong blow in the process.
If this happens, then first of all you need to turn off the electricity by pulling the wire from the outlet. If this is not possible, then you need to pull the child away from the wire, holding him by his clothes or using a wooden stick. First aid for children consists of the following steps:
- if the child is unconscious, artificial respiration and heart massage should be given;
- when the child regains consciousness, it must be turned on its side and an ambulance called;
- if there are burns on the body, they should be washed with water for 15 minutes and a sterile bandage applied;
- Painkillers can be given.
How to help if the baby is choking
A child can choke on both small objects that children can put in their mouths, and food. A small baby grinds food intoblender, but then gradually accustom to solid food, giving fruits or vegetables in pieces. Here, parents should be careful and make sure that the child does not choke on large pieces.
The reaction of parents when providing first aid to children should be instantaneous. The baby needs to be turned upside down and with the palm of your hand lightly tap on the back, holding the head. If the child is of preschool age, then it will be enough to lay him on his knee, lowering his upper body down. Claps are made along the interscapular zone. If the child begins to vomit, then you need to turn his head to the right side. In no case should you put your fingers in your mouth, trying to get an object. You can only make it worse by pushing it deeper into your airways.
If something gets in the eye
When a foreign body gets into the eye, the child immediately begins to rub it, which can damage the shells of the organ of vision. It is necessary to rinse the eyes with plenty of water, removing a speck of dust, a midge or a fluff. You can wet a handkerchief with water and try to remove the item yourself. If it doesn’t work out, then let the baby close his eye, and the adult should move his fingers in the direction of the lacrimal canal with smooth movements. When a foreign body enters, the organ of vision begins to water profusely and the object can independently go into the corner of the eye along with the liquid.
If, after removing the dirt, the cornea is still inflamed and conjunctivitis has developed, then the eye can be washed with a strong solution of tea without sugar. It is recommended to apply eye drops and consult an ophthalmologist for advice.
Splinter Removal
If a child hasa splinter is stuck in the skin, then it must be removed using tweezers or a needle. Before the procedure, the instruments are wiped with alcohol or cologne. The needle can be ignited with a lighter. After removing the microbes, you can begin to pull out the chip. To do this, you need to illuminate the place well and see the direction of movement. They pull it out in the same order in which it went under the skin. If the edge of the splinter is clearly visible, then some use adhesive tape, pulling it in the opposite direction.
If the splinter broke off and disappeared inside under the skin, then you can slightly clear the exit with a needle and then take it out with tweezers. If she sits deep, then there are effective folk methods that will help pull her out:
- smear the skin with tar;
- put grated raw onion;
- attach a plate of raw potatoes or a cabbage leaf.
After removing the splinter, the skin should be lubricated with an antiseptic and treated with brilliant green or iodine.
Conclusion
The article describes common emergency situations that young children find themselves in. First aid is provided mainly by parents and close people - relatives, kindergarten teachers, nannies. Everyone needs to know the rules of first aid, since helping a child in trouble is the business of every person who is next to the victim. Take care of your children, because it is always easier to prevent a disaster than to treat its consequences!
