Red spots on the skin of children always give parents a lot of anxiety, as it can be a sign of infectious diseases, allergies and many other problems. It is important to know exactly the cause of the rash, since the method of treatment largely depends on this.
Red spots on the skin of a child do not appear on their own. It is a response to changes within the body. Depending on the characteristics of the problem, there can be absolutely any effect of rashes on the he alth of children. In addition, their treatment and preventive measures are different.
Classification of rashes
Doctors divide the causes of rashes on the skin of a child into primary and secondary. This makes it possible to somewhat facilitate the diagnosis. The primary ones should be attributed to:
- spots;
- bubbles;
- blisters;
- abscesses;
- papules;
- bumps.
Secondary signs of the course of the disease should include:
- crust;
- flakes;
- erosion;
- scars;
- cracks;
- ulcers.
All causes of red spots on the skin in children are divided into several large groups. It can be allergies, infectious diseases, insect bites, skin problems and prickly heat in babies.
Childhood Infectious Diseases
Rashes and red spots on the skin of a child often appear due to the occurrence of infectious diseases. It is important to consider that the main symptoms will also be fever, rash, cough, sore throat. If red spots have formed on the skin in children, then this may be a sign of the occurrence of diseases such as:
- scarlet fever;
- measles;
- rubella;
- mononucleosis;
- baby roseola;
- erythema.
Quite often in children, red rashes appear in case of infection with chickenpox. The disease is transmitted after contact with an infected person or objects. The incubation period lasts up to 3 weeks, and then the temperature rises sharply. In this case, the child has lethargy, weakness, apathy.
Initially, red spots form on the skin of a child, photos of possible diseases will help determine the problem of their occurrence at first glance. After all, if the baby has sweating, it is not necessary to go to the hospital. But you should pay special attention if the spots gradually degenerate into itchy blisters. Often they occur between the fingers, on the feet, in the armpits, as well as the oral mucosa. The spots are very itchy, especially at night. In young childrenchickenpox is not always accompanied by a sharp increase in temperature.
Measles is another infectious disease that causes round, red spots on a child's skin. It begins to develop 2-7 days after contact with a sick person.
The disease begins not with rashes, but with fever, which is additionally accompanied by a runny nose, hoarseness, swelling of the eyelids, cough, photophobia. After about 5 days, pinkish spots form, which gradually merge into one large spot.
The rash quickly spreads throughout the body, throughout this period a high temperature is kept. At the last stage, the rash gradually disappears, leaving behind scaly brown spots. Pigmentation completely disappears approximately 2 weeks after the onset.
Spots of red color on the skin of a child can be formed during the course of rubella. It is an infectious disease characterized by a high degree of contagiousness. It is transmitted by airborne droplets. The child becomes contagious a week before the rash appears. Rubella is characterized by the formation of a small rash distributed throughout the body. Rarely, the disease is accompanied by a rather sharp increase in temperature and often initially completely asymptomatic.
Scarlet fever is an infectious disease caused by streptococcus. It starts with fever and sore throat. After about 3 days, a small rash develops on the child's body, which itches a lot. Approximately on the 5th day of the course of the disease, the skin turns pale and severe peeling begins.
If your baby's skin is blotchy, it could be a sign of erythema. It occurs as a result of a strong rush of blood to the capillaries. It is mainly caused by parvovirus. From the first days of the course of the disease, a small rash appears on the face, which gradually develops into a large red spot. After a while, the rashes become lighter, and then completely disappear. Erythema is often accompanied by fever and fever. The disease continues for about 2 weeks. Infection occurs by airborne droplets.
Infectious mononucleosis is characterized by papules and red spots in children. Other signs include fever, swollen lymph nodes, pain and inflammation in the throat.
A dry red spot on a baby's skin can be a sign of baby roseola. Rashes become noticeable on the 3-5th day of the course of the disease and disappear after a few days. The rash is mainly localized on the neck and trunk and sometimes on the limbs and face. Among other signs, it is necessary to highlight a sharp increase in the body, signs of intoxication. In some cases, the child may have seizures.
Insect bites
Insects such as bees, wasps, mosquitoes and many others can cause red spots on the skin of a child, which are often very itchy or sore. Insect bites are similar in their manifestation to allergies, however, the number of red spots will be much less.
Don't go to the doctorneeded unless an allergic reaction occurs. It is enough just to lubricate the affected area with a special ointment or cream that will help eliminate itching. If the child combed the bites, then you can treat them with brilliant green.
Allergy
Red spots form on the skin of a child with allergies, which in some cases can cause a lot of inconvenience. Often in babies of various kinds, rashes indicate that some kind of food product did not fit the small body. Doctors divide allergies into several types depending on the cause of its occurrence, namely:
- dermatitis;
- food allergy;
- photodermatosis;
- urticaria;
- toxidermia.
Food allergies are most common, as products contain various preservatives, dyes, and additives in their composition. The body of children reacts badly to such a composition. That is why doctors prescribe a special diet for lactating women, and also recommend transferring the baby to artificial feeding as late as possible.
With food allergies, red spots on the skin of a child form on the entire surface or in large areas. In infants, they can be localized only on the cheeks. Often, such rashes are accompanied by burning, itching and a violation of the digestive process. In especially severe cases, swelling of the mucous membranes and lips is observed.
One type of allergic reaction is dermatitis. The reasons for its appearance can be a variety of factors. Characteristic manifestations of the disease will be:
- skin redness;
- roughness;
- worn;
- flaking.
If timely treatment is not carried out, then blisters are formed, which then open and turn into weeping foci. Then they become ulcers and can significantly complicate the life of the child.
Dermatological allergies include urticaria. In this case, red spots form on the skin of the child. Photos of rashes make it possible to distinguish the course of an allergy from other diseases. The rash is itchy and symmetrical. Very often, urticaria occurs as a result of taking medications. However, it can also form as a reaction to the consumption of certain foods, clothing, or cosmetics.
Sometimes there may be an allergic reaction to sunlight - photodermatosis. Often it occurs in children under the age of 3 years and is almost always preceded by one of the factors, namely:
- viral diseases;
- certain chronic diseases;
- taking some antibiotics.
The disease manifests itself in the form of red spots on the skin, unprotected by clothing. This is often accompanied by swelling of the face and watery eyes.
Other reasons
If a child has red spots on the skin, this may signal various he alth problems. In some cases, spots appear even when the flu occurs in a child. This occurs against the background of general intoxication of the body. They appear on the first day and pass very quickly.
Enteroviruses can provoke the formation of red spots under the skin of a child. This disease develops in young children. Spots, 3 mm in diameter, are located on the trunk and face, disappear after 1-2 days.
Increased activity of the herpes virus against a background of reduced immunity can cause lichen. In this case, a red rough spot is formed on the skin of a child, the diameter of which reaches about 5 cm. After a while, small plaques appear. Such spots are very itchy and flaky.
In young children prickly heat often occurs, especially during the hot season. In this case, a small rash appears, which looks like one large rough red spot. Among the main causes of occurrence, it is necessary to highlight:
- hot weather;
- stay in a hot room;
- Infrequent hygiene procedures.
The rash itself does not bother the child and goes away thanks to proper care of the baby's skin.
A bright red spot on the skin of a child can form in case of diseases of the blood and blood vessels. They are the result of bruises and hemorrhages on different parts of the body. A small rash also occurs in case of impaired vascular permeability and the presence of problems with blood clotting.
Red dots on the body may occur due to the fact that the child does not adhere to the rules of personal hygiene. In addition, their causes may be dermatitis, diaper rash, prickly heat. Wearing diapers for a long time and rubbing the baby's skin can lead to such problems.
Conductdiagnostics
When red spots appear on the body of a child, you need to contact a doctor who, in order to clarify the diagnosis, collects an anamnesis and prescribes examinations such as:
- urine and blood test;
- conducting scraping research;
- coagulogram;
- skin tests;
- immunological research;
- analysis of feces for helminths.
After a comprehensive diagnosis, the doctor prescribes a treatment that will get rid of the existing problem.
When a doctor's help is needed
Be sure to see a doctor if the red spots on the child's skin itch, hurt, and there are signs of intoxication, fever, there are other symptoms. Rashes and spots may indicate serious violations in the work of individual organs and systems. Parents should take their baby to the doctor if the rash is caused by problems such as:
- disruption of the digestive process;
- fungal lesions;
- allergy;
- rubella and measles;
- viral infections;
- pancreatitis.
Sometimes, in the absence of a comprehensive, well-conducted treatment, red spots increase significantly in size and spread throughout the body.
Features of treatment
How to treat red spots on the skin of a child, the pediatrician decides individually in each case. Therapeutic procedures are recommended for patients who have the following symptoms:
- body pain;
- itch;
- puffiness;
- irritation;
- temperature increase;
- loss of appetite.
These and many other signs indicate the development of a pathology in the body, which needs to be eliminated as soon as possible. To accurately diagnose a child, the doctor must examine him and conduct a series of laboratory tests.
If the cause of the disease is hidden in external factors (minor injuries or sunlight), then local symptomatic treatment is required, which consists in the use of external agents. With beriberi, you need to change the baby's usual diet, introduce more vegetables and fruits into it, and also take vitamin complexes.
If a child has a hemangioma that has a branched structure, then it can be removed by cauterization with liquid nitrogen, x-rays or excision. All manipulations must be carried out in a clinic to avoid bleeding.
After an angioma is removed, a small white scar usually remains. It is removed only in exceptional cases and only in places of constant friction with clothes or on the face. At the same time, tissues must be analyzed for the presence of malignant tumors.
Treatment of red spots on the skin in children should be aimed at eliminating the provoking factor. Only in this case, the result of therapy will be positive.
Drug therapy
The drug treatment regimen is selected purely individually and depends on what exactly provokededucation problem.
When infectious diseases and allergies occur, medications are required to help get rid of the existing symptoms. Children are prescribed antihistamines, which eliminate itching and irritation of the skin. In particular, the following tools have proven themselves well:
- "Cetirizine";
- Zyrtec;
- Zodak;
- Allergodil.
Medicines in the form of capsules and tablets can be given to children over 12 years of age. Toddlers are prescribed gels, drops and syrups.
If red scaly spots have formed on the skin of a child due to dermatitis, the doctor prescribes anti-inflammatory and antihistamines, glucocorticoids, as well as topical skin treatments.
With mononucleosis, no special control measures are needed. It is only recommended to treat the affected area with antiseptic solutions. Additionally, antihistamines and immunomodulators are indicated.
For rubella, anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids are prescribed. Hemorrhagic vasculitis is treated with anticoagulants. With a complicated course of the disease, blood purification may be required. Be sure to normalize the activity of the nervous system. For this, vitamin complexes and general strengthening procedures are prescribed.
Folk remedies
Treatment of red spots on the child's body is also carried out with the help of traditional medicine. However, it should be noted that such methodsnot suitable for the treatment of all rashes. Some of them need to be treated only with strong medications.
Well eliminates signs of irritation and itching, and also removes red spots on the body in children with onion, dandelion or pineapple juice. It is necessary to lubricate the affected skin with it. You can apply cotton swabs soaked in linseed or castor oil to red spots. A good result and from the use of honey. It is necessary to make compresses prepared from this remedy. It is also recommended to simply lubricate the skin with natural honey.
When using traditional methods, special care must be taken, as allergies may occur. Before using all these tools, it is imperative to test each component separately.
If spots are a sign of infectious diseases, then it is not recommended to use folk methods. They will not only be ineffective, but can also significantly aggravate the well-being of the child. If you do not carry out the correct and comprehensive treatment, then various kinds of complications may arise.
Prophylaxis
To prevent the formation of red spots on the body of a child, taking care of his he alth will help. Parents must make sure that the baby leads an active lifestyle, goes in for sports and eats right. It needs to be protected from infectious diseases, as well as boost immunity.
If you find a few red spots on the body of a child, there is no need to panic. First of all, you needestablish the cause that led to the fact that the child's skin became covered with red spots. Perhaps this happened due to the contact of the baby with a new object or the consumption of unusual foods.
Insect bites shouldn't be ruled out either. If nothing like this happened to the baby, then you need to consult a doctor, as this may be a sign of an infectious disease. This will allow you to count on a positive result of therapy and the prevention of complications.
Reviews
Some parents say that red spots often appear due to allergies to food, washing powders, insect bites. According to parents, all you need to do is take antihistamines and topical skin treatments.
In addition, spots can form due to the occurrence of congenital vascular diseases. Such education requires a longer and more complex treatment. According to parents, emollient creams have a good effect on atopic dermatitis.
It is important to strictly observe the rules of hygiene and, at the first sign of a rash, immediately consult a doctor for diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
