A head injury is an injury that is often the result of some everyday situations. At first glance, for some victims, it may seem easier than it really is. The main danger lies in the fact that this kind of injury does not show external signs, so they can be overlooked. Sometimes there is damage to the skin.
Very often, an ordinary bruise can be accompanied by a fracture, concussion, which can lead to serious consequences. The danger of such damage also lies in the hematoma that can form. It will have a rather serious effect on the brain, which will lead to serious consequences. That is why after receiving a bruise, you must immediately consult a doctor so that he can prescribe the right treatment.
Classification
Bruised soft tissues of the head can be divided into several types. We are talking about damage to the forehead, the back of the head, as well as the parietal lobes or the base of the skull. In any case, you need to see a doctor. Very often damage occursocciput or frontal lobe. Damage to the parietal region is slightly less common, and even less often - to the temporal region. Very rare and quite complex are injuries in which several lobes are damaged at once.
If we talk about the severity of injury, then head contusion is divided into 4 types - these are light and severe injuries, damage to the skull and brain, as well as damage to the skin.
Classification according to ICD-10
In ICD-10, head contusion is in sections S00-S09. Which code will be accurate must be looked at by the degree of damage. If we are talking about S00, then we are talking about superficial wounds that do not affect the functioning of the brain, as well as the eyes. An open lesion is coded S01, a fracture is coded S02. Any other injuries that involve the scalp are in S09.
Reasons
Bruising of the soft tissues of the head can occur for various reasons, while they are completely different from each other. Most often this happens when falling. However, there are other causes, including domestic fights, sports competitions, training, wrestling, blunt force trauma, professional injuries, and car accidents.
If we are talking about a bruise of the back of the head, then, as a rule, this happens when falling or colliding with other objects.
When it comes to children, most often they get such injuries during games. In newborn babies, this happens if adults do not look after the child well. Sometimes there may be a bump on the headdue to a sharp collision with the changing table. If the baby is active, then he can freely jump out of the stroller or hit his head. That is why babies should always be supervised, because it is easy for them to get a bump, injure the occipital region and much more.
Symptomatics
It should be noted that a head bruise in a child and an adult will have the same symptoms. This disease in any case requires immediate treatment and diagnosis. However, in order to correctly diagnose, it is necessary to understand the type of injury and the extent of damage. Patients complain of dizziness, clouding in the head, fainting, impaired coordination, bruising, which cause bumps, decreased pressure, bruising, bruising, pain, weakness, fever, and vomiting or nausea.
Many people believe that a lump on the head can go away on its own, so it is not necessary to go to the doctor. However, in one case, this can really pass without a trace, and in another, serious consequences may follow, including hallucinations and memory problems. A person can begin to hear voices or see something that is not there. Pain, a bump, and a bruise are considered very common symptoms of a blow to the head. If they appear, then you should immediately contact a specialist.
First Aid
If a person has a head injury, then he needs to be properly helped. It depends on this whether there will be a complication. It is necessary to perform all actions correctly in order not to worsen the situation. It should definitely be on the head immediatelyapply a tight bandage to prevent the occurrence of a hematoma. Next, apply a cold compress. You need to keep it no more than 15 minutes. During the first day, you need to repeat this procedure so that the resulting hematoma does not grow, and pain is reduced. If there are open wounds, they should be treated with antiseptics such as hydrogen peroxide or Chlorhexidine.
Also, if there is bleeding, it should be stopped. Zelenka and iodine can not be used. If we are talking about the treatment of a head injury in a child, then it is necessary to help him immediately. The kid should not be scolded, he needs to be calmed down and have a conversation.
What to do if you get hurt?
If it so happened that a hematoma appeared during a head injury, you need to understand what to do in such a situation. By following simple tips, you can reduce pain, as well as speed up recovery. It is advisable to get immediately after the injury to the medical center in order to diagnose and make a diagnosis. The doctor will also prescribe treatment. Further, along with the fulfillment of all the doctor's instructions, you must perform the following actions.
The ice compress should be repeated during the first day. It is advisable to use it every two to three hours, you need to keep it no more than 15 minutes. Due to this, pain will be reduced and bruises will become less extensive. In this case, a cold compress should be applied without much pressure on the head area. If we are talking about a severe headache that does not go away after a bruise, then you can drinkpainkiller. However, you need to understand that if we are talking about the presence of hemorrhage, then taking aspirin is prohibited. It impairs blood clotting, so a person will, on the contrary, develop a hematoma.
Already two or three days after receiving a head injury, you can do warm compresses. You should use heating pads or lotions. Thanks to this, the swelling will go down very quickly. On the first day, warming up should not be done, as this may lead to a worsening of the inflammatory process. If a person has a crust at the site of the abrasion, then it is not necessary to rip it off, otherwise a scar may appear, and the person may also infect.
If there is a desire to quickly get rid of the consequences of an injury, then you can use gels and ointments that allow you to heal and relieve inflammation. However, you must first consult with your doctor. Also, if you use them, then the crust will not form.
Consequences
It is very important to discuss the consequences of a bruised head. They are pretty serious. Most often, they appear if a person received a strong blow or the help of a specialist was late and incorrect. Common consequences include the development of depression, problems with concentration, work capacity, insomnia appears, memory ceases to function normally, the body reacts sharply to weather changes, irritability increases, and headaches and migraines may also appear. You need to understand that the consequences after a bruise do not appear immediately: after either a coupleweeks or months. This is where the danger of hitting such an area lies.
Diagnostic Methods
When diagnosing, it is important to confirm or refute the development of side diseases in the form of a concussion and so on. Sometimes, during the diagnosis, it may be necessary to consult not only a traumatologist, but also a neuropathologist. First of all, an x-ray should be taken. Thanks to this, it is possible to understand whether the skull is in a normal state. Next is an MRI. This allows you to understand how deep the hematoma is, as well as whether the structures of the brain have changed. Be sure to do an x-ray of the cervical region in order to exclude displacement of the vertebrae.
Treatment
As a rule, therapy involves the use of a conservative or surgical method of treatment. What is needed, selects only a doctor. The latter is needed in order to get rid of hematomas, whose diameter is 4 cm.
Conservative treatment is necessary for the treatment of less serious diseases. It is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of the bruise itself. Oxygen therapy is carried out, antidepressants, diuretics, analgesics, sleeping pills, drugs that affect the functioning of the nervous system, as well as nootropic drugs that normalize brain function are prescribed.
The last group of drugs, as a rule, is prescribed as a preventive measure. In order to increase the rate of resorption of the hematoma, it is necessary to use ointments and various gels.
Thus, treatment is carried out according to thisscheme: in the first two days it is necessary to apply a cold compress, then warm up for several days and then begin to lubricate the damaged areas with ointment.
How to treat?
Treatment for bruising of the soft tissues of the head depends entirely on the severity of the injury. Bed rest is mandatory. Get out of bed only when absolutely necessary. After two or three days, you need to start to be gradually in the fresh air.
While rehabilitation is underway, it is best to stop watching TV, as well as sitting in front of the computer. Physical activity should be limited. You should also remember to follow all the doctor's recommendations.
