Myopia is not a rare occurrence. Every day you can meet a person who squints, looking at something far away from him. This is due to the fact that objects at a distance seem blurry and fuzzy to him, while things that are close can be easily seen in detail. High myopia is a severe stage of myopia that requires special medical attention.
Characteristics of pathology
If a person is diagnosed with high myopia, this indicates abnormalities and eye disease, which can lead to irreversible consequences. With such a pathology, the image is formed in front of the retina, which creates the effect of haziness and fuzziness.
With myopia, the human eyeball has an uncharacteristic oval shape. It is for this reason that the cornea is at a non-standard distance from the retina, which is why vision problems arise.
Changes in the quality of a person's vision, deviations from the norm, are expressed in diopters. Myopia of the eyea high degree is fixed in the presence of six diopters with a minus sign. This phenomenon requires immediate medical attention and appropriate treatment.
How myopia manifests itself
High myopia in rare cases can lead to complete loss of vision, but in modern medicine, such cases are considered exceptions. People who suffer from severe myopia have the following symptoms:
- Eyes get tired an order of magnitude faster than in he althy people. Especially when watching TV or working on a computer.
- Due to the increased tension, the constant desire to squint to see something better, there are regular headaches.
- Squinting itself is also defined as a symptom of a person with myopia.
- Often pain in the eyes.
- The eyeball lengthens.
Myopia, including myopia, can be congenital or acquired. Most often, it appears during the growth of the body, unless, of course, it was born with a person.
The diagnosis of high myopia can be made at any age, and the disease develops both due to hereditary causes and due to mechanical intervention.
How does myopia appear
Medicine is unanimous in the opinion that a person's vision is formed in the period from 7 to 20 years, after which it can normalize, and mild myopia (against the background of external factors) is not considered dangerous. The severe stage of myopia develops mainlyfor two reasons:
- As a consequence of the development of progressive myopia.
- As a hereditary factor.
The rapid development of pathology can lead to severe complications, as already mentioned, even loss of vision. The hereditary form of myopia can lead to loss of vision up to minus 20-30 diopters, which, in fact, indicates practical blindness. It has been proven that the genetic factor is a catalyst for the development of the disease.
Causes of severe myopia
Among the causes of high myopia are:
- The presence of this pathology in one of the parents makes the child more prone to vision problems.
- Incorrect observance of visual hygiene, especially in childhood, when the main process of vision formation is underway, excessive sitting at the computer.
- Ignoring the first symptoms of visual impairment, lack of necessary treatment.
- Unforeseen craniocerebral injuries, which, if unfavorably developed, affect the organs of vision.
- Changing the shape of the eyeball.
A person is assigned a disability for high myopia, the disability group is determined by the severity of each individual case. It is important to take into account the fact that a person is able to lead an independent life and work. Medical records are reviewed annually and the disability group is subject to change.
Complete loss of vision is defined as a disability of the first group.
Complications of severe myopia
If the disease is left without proper medical attention, it can lead to serious complications:
- Retinal detachment and vision loss. This occurs against the background of a change in the shape of the eyeball, thinning of the retina, which greatly increases the level of stress on the eyes. If there is a tear or detachment of the retina, then medical attention is needed immediately.
- Increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma), which can also lead to blindness.
- Vision defects, which are expressed in the distortion of the central picture. This phenomenon is called retinal dystrophy.
- Cataract, or clouding of the eye's lens, causing vision to deteriorate rapidly.
Adverse consequences of pathology can develop at any age and even after operations to eliminate myopia.
High myopia in both eyes or only one requires constant monitoring by an ophthalmologist. This will allow timely detection of dangerous thinning of the retina. A dangerous sign is the appearance of a veil before the eyes, as well as visual distortion of objects.
How to stop the development of myopia
Modern medicine has methods for treating high myopia, so it makes no sense for a patient with such a diagnosis to panic. The first task of an ophthalmologist is to stop the development of the disease and prevent dangerous complications, it is impossible to hesitate in such a situation.
The patient should remember well that with a diagnosis of myopia, heavy physical exertion should be excluded from daily habits,sport.
Glasses or lenses
High myopia correction with spectacles is available for both adults and children.
Before prescribing such treatment, the doctor must conduct a complete examination and select the appropriate pair. A high level of myopia requires the obligatory wearing of glasses, and if the treatment is chosen in a timely manner, then vision can be significantly improved, in some cases completely restored.
If myopia is found in a child, then wearing glasses is mandatory. It is important to remember that it is necessary to accustom the eyesight of a small child to glasses gradually.
Treatment of high myopia in adults with spectacles allows for immediate use. However, in the process of wearing them, discomfort, headaches, and increased eye fatigue may occur. Such phenomena should be immediately reported to the ophthalmologist in order to select more suitable lenses.
Ordinary contact lenses are not entirely applicable for the treatment of myopia, the effect of them is much less than that of glasses. Therefore, lenses are indispensable as a convenient accessory under certain conditions, but you should not count on them to cure vision.
Modern medicine has interesting methods to restore vision. One of them is the wearing of special night lenses. While a person is sleeping, the lenses have a beneficial effect on the cornea of the eye. After waking up, the lenses are removed, and the shape of the cornea remains changed, which significantly improves vision.patient.
Laser vision correction
Laser surgery for high myopia is indicated for those patients for whom treatment with glasses did not help or did not bring the expected results. In modern practice, laser vision correction is a fairly common procedure, which in most cases leads to the desired goal.
In the case of high myopia, such an operation is performed if the vision has not fallen above minus 15 diopters. Otherwise, this type of treatment will also be useless.
It is important that if the patient is initially not ready to use glasses for a long time, then laser correction can be carried out bypassing this stage. At the time of the procedure, the doctor acts on the cornea of the eye and changes its shape; at the end of the operation, the visual picture of the patient is gradually restored. Vision returns to normal, or improves significantly.
Replacing the eye lens and intraocular lenses
Such a complex operation is indicated in cases of visual impairment up to minus 20 diopters, but no more. In this case, the natural eye lens is removed, and an intraocular lens is implanted in its place, which will henceforth perform the functions of the removed part of the eye.
If the patient suffers from an even higher form of myopia, then up to 25 diopters it is possible to use intraocular lenses, which become a real salvation for people with severe pathology. Such an operation is possible if the natur althe lens has not completely lost its functions, and then the lens is implanted in the anterior or posterior chamber of the eyeball. The method significantly improves vision, but does not change the shape of the cornea.
Any surgical intervention is possible only with a stable course of the disease
Vitamin He alth Support
In combination with the main treatment, the patient can be prescribed a course of vitamins, as well as nootropic drugs. Vitamin and drug support for the body is most often prescribed as a course.
Properly selected treatment can stop the progression of the disease and restore the patient's vision.
Myopia and pregnancy
Ophthalmologists agree that during pregnancy, a woman diagnosed with high myopia should be regularly monitored by a doctor who will monitor her vision.
During natural labor, there is a high risk of retinal detachment or damage to the choroid from excess stress and increased intraocular pressure.
In such cases, obstetricians rely heavily on the opinion of an ophthalmologist who monitors the condition of the cornea of a woman's eye. If the risk of adverse effects is high, then it is often recommended to abandon natural childbirth and resort to a caesarean section.
It is important to remember that even after giving birth, a woman with a similar diagnosis needs to be seen by a doctor in order to track the development of the pathology and take the necessary measures in time.
Briefly about the main things
In order to prevent vision loss, one should not neglect the elementary rules:
- Do not sit at the computer for a long time unnecessarily.
- Provide good lighting for the workplace.
- Do not read in transport or lying down.
At the first signs of deterioration in the quality of vision, you should consult a doctor who will determine the need for treatment.
Medical practice proves that high myopia is not a sentence if it is detected in time and competent methods of restoring vision are selected. This can only be done by a specialized doctor with the patient's full confidence in him.
