Minimally invasive surgery is a surgical intervention in the body without incisions. In this case, everything is done through punctures and special equipment. We will talk about the features and advantages of such an operation later in the article.
Description
The main difference between this operation and the usual one is that it occurs through pinpoint tissue punctures or through natural body openings.
Minimally invasive surgery done under local anesthesia. That is, the person is conscious. The procedure usually takes about an hour. After that, the patient does not need to stay in the hospital.
There are two types of minimally invasive surgery. Namely, laparoscopy and endoscopy. Now we will talk about each of them.
Description of laparoscopy
Laparoscopy allows through surgical intervention to treat the following diseases:
- female infertility;
- endometriosis;
- ovarian cyst;
- uterine fibroids;
- ectopic pregnancy;
- cancer.
During this type of operation, small incisions are made on the anterior abdominal wall. Their size ranges from half to one and a half centimeters. An incision or puncture is carried out using a trocar - a special thin tube.
For the operation, 3 or four punctures are made. Further, carbon dioxide is introduced into the body through these holes. It is necessary to create the necessary space for the operation. In addition, a camera is introduced through the cuts, which will display the interior space on the monitor, and tools.
Description of endoscopy
What is endoscopic minimally invasive surgery? This is a study of the internal organs of a person. This procedure is carried out using endoscopes - special optical devices.
Unlike laparoscopy, this operation does not involve making special incisions, as endoscopes are inserted through the body's natural openings. For example, in order to examine the stomach, the device is inserted through the mouth and esophagus. If it is necessary to make an examination of the patient's lungs and bronchi, the endoscope is delivered to these organs through the larynx. And to diagnose the function of the bladder, the device is inserted through the urethra.
The patient is given sleeping pills before the endoscopy. This is to ensure that the patient is relaxed during the operation. The well-being of the operated person is under the control of the anesthesiologist. And after waking upthe patient usually does not feel any pain signs.
Indications for surgery
Let's consider in what cases this intervention is observed:
- Minimally invasive operations are performed to remove the gallbladder, appendicitis, various tumors in the stomach and intestines.
- Through this surgery, stones in the urinary tract, prostate adenoma, tumors in the bladder can be removed. This method also restores the patency of the ureters.
- Gynecological operations are carried out using this method.
- Plastic surgery.
- Removal of lymph nodes and tumors.
- Treatment of blood vessels, namely removal of sclerotic pathology.
Benefits
In modern medicine, there are clear advantages of minimally invasive operations:
- This surgery does not require hospitalization of the patient.
- A person is not given antibiotics before a procedure.
- Slight pain after surgery.
- Fast rehabilitation period and return to work.
- Less chance of any complications after the intervention.
- The length of stay in the hospital is from 1 to 3 days.
- No postoperative stitches that require dressings and special therapy.
Minimally invasive surgery: cons and consequences
But this method has its drawbacks. So, for the surgeon there is a certain difficulty in carrying out the operation, namely the limitation of space. In addition, the entire operation is carried out with special tools, there is no tactile contact, which causes certain difficulties. For example, when suturing a patient. To perform such serious procedures, the surgeon must have a certain skill.
Heart surgery
Minimally invasive heart surgery is considered one of the latest advances in modern medicine. They enable successful heart disease interventions.
Such procedures are considered the most gentle method. Through modern technologies of medicine, it became possible to combine several stages of the operation into one. For example, with this method of intervention, it is not required to connect a person to a heart-lung machine. There are statistics, thanks to which it is known that after such surgical interventions, the risk of any complications is significantly reduced.
Minimally invasive operations are performed on adult patients and children (even the smallest patients). With them, the number of deaths is much less.
Surgeries for the treatment of congenital heart defects using a minimally invasive method allow them to be carried out by very young children. At the same time, the rehabilitation period is significantly reduced, so that patients can quickly return to normal life.
Minimally invasive surgery forremoval of hemorrhoids
Another direction of using this method in medicine is an operation to remove hemorrhoids. Briefly recall what this disease is.
Hemorrhoids - a disease of the rectum, which occurs due to the expansion of the veins in its walls. The latter leads to the formation of blood clots called hemorrhoids.
The progression of this disease is divided into 4 stages. It is believed that the first stage can be cured without surgery. But the disease in the last stages can only be treated surgically.
The essence of the stages of hemorrhoids is that the further the disease develops, the formed nodes protrude more and more and, as a result, fall out of the anus, causing many problems and inconveniences to the patient. The operation is prescribed at the last stage, when other methods of treatment have not yielded results. The fact that thrombosis develops in the nodes is also taken into account.
In addition to the traditional surgical intervention, the operation to remove hemorrhoids is carried out with a minimally invasive method. Its essence lies in the fact that it is carried out without a scalpel. The patient is made several punctures in the internal tissues, through which the surgical intervention is performed.
There are several types of minimally invasive operations to remove hemorrhoids:
- Sclerotherapy.
- Ligation (this method uses latex rings).
- Laser coagulation.
- Photocoagulation. This operationcarried out using infrared radiation.
- Using a radio beam scalpel.
- Cryosurgery.
The main advantage of such methods is the short recovery period of the body.
Conclusion
Recently, many specialists prefer minimally invasive endoscopic operations. By the way, some patients can be examined for diagnosis only in this way.
From the foregoing, we can conclude that this type of intervention is a modern achievement of medicine. It allows patients to choose the most sparing method of surgical intervention, which is especially valuable in the presence of additional pathologies in the body.
Thanks to such a method as minimally invasive surgery, the risk of complications is minimized, the patient's rehabilitation period takes less time, and the return to the normal rhythm of life is much faster than after conventional surgery.
