Methods of treating inflammation of the sinuses are selected separately for each patient, it all depends on the characteristics of the course of the disease, the symptoms present, and the presence of complications. During the course of sinusitis, patients complain of the presence of many different signs, by which it is possible to determine the nature and type of the disease. Inflammation of the sinuses of the nose is divided into several forms, which must be determined before treatment.
Incorrect diagnosis and therapeutic procedures may cause unpleasant consequences. That is why with a prolonged runny nose, feeling unwell, as well as a constantly elevated temperature, you need to visit a doctor.
Types of inflammation
There are several classifications of sinusitis. The most important of them is the division by localization. The existing symptoms and methods of treatment largely depend on this. Generalsigns for all types of inflammation is the presence of general infectious and intoxication syndromes.
From an anatomical point of view, there are such types of sinusitis as:
- frontit;
- sinusitis;
- ethmoiditis;
- sphenoiditis;
- pansinusitis;
- hemisinusitis.
Sinusitis - inflammation of the maxillary sinus. This type of disease is the most common. In addition to the general symptoms, the patient may be disturbed by pain in the upper jaw, a feeling of fullness.
Frontitis - inflammation of the frontal sinus. In this case, the soreness extends to the forehead area above the eyes. The pain is very intense, aggravated by moving the head, and may be accompanied by photophobia.
Etmoiditis is often accompanied by sinusitis or frontal sinusitis. The disease manifests itself as pain in the nose, impaired sense of smell, and can also lead to inflammatory eye diseases.
Sphenoiditis rarely occurs as an independent disease, often develops along with ethmoiditis. A person suffers from a headache of indeterminate location. According to the nature of the clinical course, sinusitis can be acute or chronic.
Acute sinusitis is divided into serous and odontogenic. Chronic inflammation of the sinuses is classified into:
- purulent sinusitis;
- hyperplastic;
- allergic.
When chronic inflammation occurs, a deviated septum may occur. Polyps are also often formed.
Main reasons
BeforeBefore proceeding with the treatment of inflammation of the sinuses, you need to know exactly for what reasons such a problem occurs. Provoking factors can be divided into internal and external. Internal include such as:
- deviated septum;
- proximity of the roots of the teeth to the maxillary sinus;
- congenital anomalies of sinus structure.
When the nasal septum is deviated, sinusitis will develop exactly from the side in which it is deviated. If the roots of the teeth are located close to the maxillary sinuses, then this leads to infection.
External causes of the problem may be as follows:
- viral infections and SARS;
- bacteria;
- pulpitis, caries, stomatitis.
When an infection enters the nasal cavity, exudate forms and the outflow from the sinuses worsens, which provokes the development of inflammation.
Symptoms
Symptoms and treatment of inflammation of the sinuses can be very different, but the main symptom is the presence of purulent discharge and pain. If the channels and sinuses are wide, then the symptoms will be minimal.
If, due to swelling of the mucous membrane, the sinus channels become narrow and there is a significant accumulation of pus, then the pain increases sharply, while the forehead, eyes and eyelids swell, and the temperature rises. As a result, pus will not be able to flow normally.
If sinusitis is localized in the maxillary sinus, then beginswollen cheeks, eyelids, and the pain gives to the forehead. In case of damage to the bones of the eyes, soreness is observed in the recesses of the eyes and nose. If sinusitis is localized in the frontal sinuses, then the forehead skin above the eyelid begins to swell. The pain occurs literally 2-3 hours after waking up and gradually disappears in the evening. This condition is repeated daily and provokes the development of complications. If you lower your head, the pain spreads to the eyes and forehead.
The symptoms of chronic sinusitis are similar to those of a cold. In particular, there are symptoms such as:
- not feeling well;
- heat;
- presence of purulent discharge from the sinuses;
- mucosal edema;
- ear congestion;
- shortness of breath; headache.
When the first signs of illness occur, you should definitely consult a doctor for diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
Diagnostics
When the first symptoms of inflammation of the sinuses appear, treatment must be started immediately, as this helps prevent the occurrence of dangerous complications. To prescribe the right therapy, the doctor initially conducts a comprehensive diagnosis. First of all, the doctor determines the localization of the course of the disease and the causes of its occurrence.
The most common factor in the formation of sinusitis is injury to the wings or nasal septum. Other signs include the penetration of viruses or bacteria.
It is possible to make a diagnosis of "frontal sinusitis" or "sinusitis" after an ordinaryX-ray. It is more difficult to determine the presence of inflammation of the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses. In this case, a tomography will be required.
In addition to instrumental diagnostic methods, the doctor examines the patient's nose from the inside. With the help of the examination, he can notice the curvature of the nasal septum and pus, localized in the area of the nasal passages. When inflammation occurs, blood tests show an increase in ESR, as well as the level of leukocytes.
In some cases, a sinus puncture is required, as a result of which pus is taken. Previously, as a local anesthesia, the drug is injected into the canal of the nasal passage. By using a puncture needle, the doctor punctures the central wall of the sinus, and then injects sodium chloride. With this procedure, you can disinfect the nose. After that, antibacterial or stimulating agents are introduced.
Feature of treatment
The most important thing in the treatment of inflammation of the sinuses is to take antibacterial agents. Be sure to remove the swelling of the sinuses. To do this, you need to instill funds into the nasal passages that expand the sinus canals.
If treatment with these remedies does not bring any result at all, then the sinuses are cleaned with a special needle that pierces the inner wall of the sinuses. The chronic form of the disease is treated mainly by surgery. The method of therapy is selected only by an otolaryngologist after a comprehensivediagnostics.
Conservative Therapy
When treating inflammation of the sinuses, the following rules must be observed:
- need to completely destroy the pathogen;
- eliminate triggers;
- stop existing symptoms;
- restore normal sinus drainage;
- minimize the risk of complications.
Mild to moderately ill patients generally do not require hospitalization. Treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis under the supervision of a doctor. In the event of severe forms of the disease, as well as in the presence of complications, therapy in a hospital is required.
It is very important to carry out etiotropic therapy, which is aimed at eliminating the causative agent of the disease that provoked its occurrence. Antibacterial agents are widely used to treat inflammation of the sinuses. Which antibiotics are used to treat sinusitis depends largely on the diagnosis. The doctor selects medicines separately for each patient.
When treating inflammation of the sinuses with antibiotics, drugs from the group of macrolides, penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones are mainly prescribed. Bacterial sinusitis involves oral medication, and in severe forms - intramuscular.
Treatment of viral sinusitis without antiviral drugs does not give any result. For therapy, Neovir, Arbidol,"Isoprinosine". In the fungal form of the disease, antimycotic agents are required, in particular, such as Miconazole. The allergic course of the disease implies the use of antihistamines, in particular, such as Tavegil, Suprastin.
In the treatment of inflammation of the sinuses, drugs are prescribed in a complex manner. To get rid of the pathology, the doctor may prescribe antiviral, vasoconstrictor and sulfonamides.
In the treatment of inflammation of the sinuses, pregnant women are mainly prescribed remedies to get rid of swelling. They help eliminate mucus and clear the nasal passages, but do not affect the condition of the fetus. However, it is worth remembering that these drugs have a good result only at the initial stage of development of the disorder. If they do not bring the desired result, the doctor selects antibacterial drugs that will be as safe as possible, but will help eliminate inflammation.
You can choose inexpensive drugs for the treatment of inflammation of the sinuses that have a combined effect and help eliminate unpleasant symptoms. Destroy viruses and bacteria will help tools such as "Polydex", "Isofra", "Normax".
For therapy, it is also possible to use physiotherapy techniques. Physiotherapy is prescribed after the acute stage of the course of the disease subsides, and 6-7 days after the onset of the first signs. A good result can be obtained from ultraphonophoresis, diadynamic currents, heating of the inflamed sinuses, inhalations.
When a moderate form occursdisease, it is possible to use sinus evacuation techniques. The peculiarity of this procedure is the washing of the paranasal sinuses with a sinus catheter.
Surgery
If the normal outflow of nasal sinus contents is disturbed in a patient and conservative methods do not bring the desired result, then the treatment of inflammation of the sphenoid sinuses is carried out with the help of surgery.
Laser therapy can be used to treat sinusitis. As a result of its use, the lumen of the respiratory tract increases, and breathing becomes free. In addition, the laser helps to eliminate swelling of the mucosa. This technique has many advantages, namely:
- the procedure is painless and bloodless;
- doesn't last long;
- tissues recover quickly.
The operation is being carried out in a hospital. Basically, several procedures are enough that are performed within a week. In more advanced cases, treatment is prescribed for a longer time.
In especially severe cases, the treatment of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is also carried out by open surgery, during which purulent contents are removed and normal nasal breathing is restored.
Folk techniques
A good result is the treatment of inflammation of the sinuses with folk remedies, but before using them, you should definitely consult a doctor, as some remedies can provoke complications.
Simple butsteam inhalation is an effective remedy. To carry out the procedure, you need to breathe over potatoes cooked in their uniforms. The duration of the procedure is 15-20 minutes. After that, you need to thoroughly clean your nose. Then lie down in bed and cover your head with a blanket until your face is completely cool.
Folk methods for treating inflammation of the sinuses involve the use of hot compresses. You can warm up the sinuses with hard-boiled eggs, river sand or sea s alt.
A compress prepared on the basis of flour and natural honey is considered effective. Both of these components must be thoroughly mixed, heated in a water bath and applied to the sinuses. Put polyethylene and woolen cloth on top. It is recommended to keep any of the compresses for no more than 20-30 minutes. After removing it, the face should be covered with a warm blanket until it has completely cooled down.
Possible Complications
In case of improper or untimely treatment, inflammation of the ethmoid sinuses can lead to complications:
- pneumonia;
- distribution of purulent contents into the cranium;
- otitis media;
- eye damage;
- Aneurysm with blood clots;
- meningitis.
Chronic sinusitis can trigger asthma. If purulent secretions are constantly moving down the airways, then pulmonary obstruction and death of the patient may begin.
Forecast
If timelycomplex treatment of sinusitis, then the prognosis will be quite positive, since you can completely get rid of the existing problem. In addition, this will prevent the development of complications.
If treatment is not started on time, then sinusitis can gradually turn into a chronic stage, the therapy of which is quite difficult. In addition, it provokes many negative consequences, the most dangerous of which is the death of the patient.
Carrying out preventive measures
Any disease is better to prevent than to treat it for a long time. Prevention Highlights:
- must use protective dressing during outbreaks;
- avoid hypothermia;
- treat colds and runny nose in time;
- prevent allergies;
- strengthen immunity;
- keep your feet warm;
- to sanitize teeth;
- during the season of colds, consume plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits.
It is important to treat sinusitis in a timely manner at the initial stage, preventing the spread of pathology. This will quickly restore nasal breathing.
At first glance, sinusitis seems to be a harmless disease, but it is completely different. This is a dangerous disease that requires an integrated approach to treatment.
