Every fifth person on our planet suffers from such an unpleasant formation as a cyst of the maxillary sinuses, the treatment, symptoms and causes of which will be discussed in this article. Throughout his life, such an education may not manifest itself at all, or it may make itself felt with characteristic signs and pains. The development of this disease should be monitored, and promptly removed in cases of any complications. So, let's take a closer look at the symptoms, causes, and treatment of a sinus cyst.
General Description
First of all, you should understand what this disease is. A cyst of the maxillary sinuses is a formation that is pathological in nature. Cysts are located in the maxillary cavity. There are two maxillary sinuses in the human body: right and left. They are covered with a special protective mucus. The maxillary sinus has a large amountexcretory glands that secrete this mucus. It is she who prevents the entry of various infections into the human body.
Sometimes it happens that these glands become clogged, causing them to overflow with mucus. The glands themselves stretch and turn into a neoplasm in the form of a ball. This is called a cyst.
Inside the tumor contains a fluid that can be purulent or sterile. This will depend on the severity and duration of the disease. As a rule, cysts of the maxillary sinuses, the treatment of which should be carried out only after the diagnosis of a specialist, are located on the lower walls. The severity of symptoms will directly depend on the location and size of the neoplasms.
Causes and risk factors
The etiology of this disease is associated with various chronic inflammatory processes and birth defects affecting the mouth or nasopharynx. The main reasons why a cyst may appear include the following:
- The presence of chronic diseases of the nose, for example, rhinitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, polyps, sinusitis.
- Violation of the structure of the nose, including the wrong septum. Such an anomaly can disrupt the normal flow of air, as well as the blood supply to the entire mucous membrane in the nose. Such defects may be acquired or congenital.
- Prolonged exposure to an allergen. In particular, if these allergens have been located in the maxillary sinuses for a long time.
- Chronicdental diseases, as well as an inflammatory process near the dental tissues in the upper jaw.
- Immunodeficiency condition.
Symptoms of the disease
Before referring the patient for diagnosis, and prescribing the appropriate treatment for a cyst of the maxillary sinuses, the specialist should verbally question the patient about any symptoms of this disease. As mentioned earlier, this ailment most often occurs without any signs, it is discovered absolutely by chance during a physical examination or a general examination of the body. As the cyst grows, other symptoms develop. They become more pronounced over time if the lumen of the sinuses is completely closed.
Such symptoms include the following:
- Sinal soreness that gets worse when head is tilted down.
- The appearance of a feeling of heaviness, as well as pulsating pressure near the eye socket.
- Pain in the cheek, radiating to the teeth.
- Viscous mucus that constantly flows down the back wall.
- Facial asymmetry.
- Puffiness of the cheeks.
- Headache attacks, as well as migraines.
- Discomfort in the forehead.
- Nasal congestion on the side where the cyst is located.
- Symptoms of intoxication.
With this pathology, in some cases, there are signs such as double vision, as well as visual impairment. This is due to the fact that the eyeballs begin to shift, and their mobility is also limited. ATIn these situations, patients do not go to the ENT, but to the ophthalmologist. In some cases, the cyst of the maxillary sinus, the treatment and causes of which we discuss in this article, does not manifest itself in any way, and visual disturbances will be the main symptoms.
Disease types
In the field of medicine, there is a separate classification of education in the maxillary sinuses. A cyst of the left maxillary sinus or right can be of the following types: mucocele with mucous contents, hydrocele with serous fluid, and also pyocele with purulent contents.
In addition, by origin, these neoplasms are divided into three varieties. Consider them separately.
Retention cyst
Such a neoplasm is formed due to obstruction of the excretory gland, which produces mucus. Such obstruction can be triggered by swelling, scarring, as well as hyperplasia or blockage. However, the gland continues to work and produce mucus. Over time, the walls begin to expand, and the entire space is filled, the gap closes.
Odontogenic cyst
Such neoplasms are formed at the inflamed tooth root, they are filled with pus. They are divided into radicular and follicular. Follicular are formed in children from the follicles of milk teeth, which are inflamed. Radicular are formed at the very root of the tooth affected by caries. After that, it breaks through the jawbone tissue, enters the sinus in this way.
False cyst
The origin of this form of cysts has not been fully studied by specialists, outwardly they are cyst-like formations. As a rule, they are formed in the male part of the population. A pseudocyst occurs due to exposure to infection, allergens, as well as pathologies of the teeth located on the upper jaw.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is established on the basis of anamnesis after the implementation of diagnostic methods. To do this, it can be assigned:
- X-ray. In the picture, the cyst looks like a rounded protrusion located on the wall and has clear, smooth contours. Only large neoplasms are determined by this method.
- Puncture. If during the puncture the specialist receives an orange specific liquid, then this indicates a diagnosis. This method is very inaccurate, since the doctor can only pierce the protrusion if the cyst is large.
- CT cyst of the maxillary sinus. This method is the most reliable, as it allows you to assess the internal structure of the problem area and determine the presence of pathology.
- Sinusoscopy. An endoscope is inserted into the cavity through the excretory anastomosis or a special hole, which allows to study in detail the presence of the pathological process in this zone, as well as, if necessary, to carry out treatment and biopsy.
Features of therapy
So, we have analyzed the symptoms, types and causes of maxillary sinus cysts. Treatment will be carried out only by surgery. In thiscase, such manipulation is indispensable. Neither physiotherapeutic measures, nor warming up, nor any medications are able to eliminate the cyst of the left maxillary sinus or the right one. In addition, physiotherapy is contraindicated, as the disease can turn into extensive sinusitis.
There is no specific size for a maxillary sinus cyst that would suggest removal. Indications for surgical intervention - the presence of complaints and complications in the patient. The operation of the cyst of the maxillary sinus is carried out in any clinic that specializes in this. In state clinics, this is done absolutely free of charge. In private medical institutions, the removal of the retention cyst of the maxillary sinus, as well as its other types, will depend on some conditions. As a rule, the cost of such an operation is about 40 thousand rubles. However, before this, the patient must undergo some of the diagnostic measures described above.
Post-operative period
After removal of a cyst or mucocele of the nasal sinuses, the patient must be observed in the hospital for several more days. Depending on the methods of intervention, the patient may experience swelling, pain and discomfort. If necessary, drainage is established and painkillers are prescribed. In some cases, patients experience a rise in body temperature.
Classic surgery is very traumatic, which is why specialists have recently given preference to endoscopic techniques and microsiniotomy.
Treatment with home remedies and medicines
If a person does not have any symptoms of the disease, then you can simply observe the dynamics. In such situations, they are engaged in therapy with folk remedies and medicines, for example, Sinuforte is effective. Before use, be sure to read the instructions for use "Sinuforte". Reviews about the price of this drug indicate that it justifies its high cost. For the acquisition of it will have to pay 2500 rubles. average.
As for traditional medicine recipes, you can treat a cyst of the maxillary sinuses in the following ways:
- Mix one tablespoon of vegetable oil with six drops of freshly squeezed aloe juice. With the resulting product, bury the nose in a whole pipette 3 times a day for a month.
- Drops from cyclamen have also proven themselves in the fight against this disease. You can make them yourself at home or buy ready-made in a pharmacy. After using them, the patient actively sneezes and blows his nose. This causes the walls to rupture, allowing fluid to flow out of the nose.
Please note that if you use traditional medicine recipes for therapy, there is a risk of developing an allergic reaction and some side effects. If the signs of the disease began to disturb the patient, his chronic inflammation worsened, then this becomes a reason for surgicalintervention.
As mentioned earlier, no drug can completely rid the patient of the disease. Drugs only suppress the symptoms, but the consequences of the disease always remain.
Possible Complications
In advanced cases, the consequences of a maxillary sinus cyst can be very serious for human he alth. Complications can be observed in the inflammatory process or suppuration of this formation. Inflammation in such a situation can provoke not only frontal sinusitis or sinusitis, but also go to the outer soft tissue. The following complications are observed:
- Nasal cavity: chronic inflammation, sinusitis.
- Eye socket: abscess, phlegmon, cavernous sinus thrombosis.
- Inside the skull: encephalitis, meningitis, brain abscess, thrombosis.
The risk of these complications forces patients with this disease to visit the doctor periodically, as well as to monitor the development of the process.
How to avoid getting sick?
One of the preventive measures of this disease is the timely rehabilitation and treatment of diseases of the oral cavity. This is due to the fact that in most cases they have an odontogenic nature. In addition, in order to avoid the development of such anomalies, competent therapy of sinusitis, chronic rhinitis and other nasal diseases helps.
If you have symptoms of a cyst of the maxillary sinus, it is better to immediately use surgical intervention so that in the future you do not suffer from possiblecomplications.
Remember that the final decision on the treatment of the disease is made only by a doctor who understands all the features of the pathological process and concomitant human diseases.
