Any of the diseases of the digestive system requires long-term and systemic treatment. Gastroduodenitis, the symptoms of which are caused by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum, occurs in almost every second adult. The etiology of this disease is diverse, so finding and eliminating its true cause may take longer than managing the symptoms and treating.
Gastroduodenitis - what is this disease?
Inflammation of the pyloric stomach and duodenal mucosa negatively affects the functionality of the entire gastrointestinal tract. As a result of the progression of the disease, the pancreas, liver and biliary tract are significantly affected, so it is highly undesirable to delay its treatment.
In adults, the symptoms of gastroduodenitis appear without fundamental differences. In old age itthe disease is extremely rare. Gastroduodenitis mainly affects adolescents, young boys and girls. This fact can be argued by the fact that this category of patients more often makes errors in nutrition, abuses alcohol and smoking.
It is possible to suspect inflammation of the gastric mucosa in a patient by a number of specific symptoms. Treatment of gastroduodenitis is resorted to after a series of diagnostic procedures, the reason for which is weight loss in a very short time and pain during palpation of the abdomen.
Types of diseases
Depending on the etiological factor, primary and secondary gastroduodenitis is distinguished. By primary means the types of inflammation of the gastric mucosa and duodenum, caused by external stimuli - harmful food, aggressive chemical agents. Exogenous causes of gastroduodenitis also include infection with Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the pylorus. By the way, if this microorganism is detected, an HP-positive form of pathology is diagnosed, and if it is absent, an HP-negative one.
Secondary pathology occurs under the influence of endogenous factors. Often, against the background of disorders of the endocrine and immune systems, diseases of the pancreas and liver, characteristic symptoms of gastroduodenitis occur in adults. Treatment of this disease must begin without delay, as it can have serious complications. The consequences of the progressivewe will pay attention to gastroduodenitis a little later, but for now let's return to other types of the disease.
Depending on the duration and severity of the current, there are:
- Acute gastroduodenitis. The full cycle of the disease lasts no more than three months. In the acute form, the entire pyloric region and the duodenum are affected, which leads to a violation of the motility of the digestive system, and prevents the normal passage of food entering the body. Without treatment, the symptoms of gastroduodenitis increase, often the pathology becomes chronic.
- Chronic gastroduodenitis. The disease develops mainly against the background of the acute stage as a result of untreated gastritis or the absence of any therapy at all. The duration of the course of this form of the disease can be different, therefore, drug treatment of chronic gastroduodenitis, the symptoms of which are in many ways similar to gastritis, is carried out with each exacerbation.
According to the depth of the mucosal lesion and the type of inflammatory process, which is determined during instrumental diagnostics, there are such forms of gastroduodenitis:
| Form name | Description and features of the flow |
| Catarrhal | The mildest form, in which the surface of the gastric mucosa becomes inflamed, but there are no erosions on the membrane yet, the glands function satisfactorily. |
| Hypertrophic | There is a thickening of the gastric mucosa andduodenum due to prolonged inflammation, the formation of folds and outgrowths. |
| Erosive | Characterized by numerous ulcerations, small erosions on the mucosa. With this form of the disease, intestinal cells may appear in the stomach, which normally should not be. This disorder is called intestinal epithelial metaplasia. |
| Mixed | In many ways, the disease is similar to hypertrophic gastroduodenitis, but with a mixed form, erosive foci also occur. |
Depending on the level of acidity of the gastric environment, gastroduodenitis is distinguished:
- with increased gastric secretion;
- with a normal level of acidity;
- with reduced secretion (often leads to the appearance of malignant tumors).
Provoking factors
Given that all forms of this disease can be caused by different causes and manifest different symptoms, the treatment of gastroduodenitis in adults can also take place according to different schemes. However, before proceeding with the treatment of inflammation of the gastric mucosa, it is important to determine the very provoking factor. The most common causes of gastroduodenitis are:
- inclusion in the diet of foods containing chemical irritants (preservatives, stabilizers, dyes, pesticides);
- stale food poisoning;
- long-term medication;
- regular consumption of hot spices and seasonings;
- acute infectious diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract;
- non-compliance with the diet;
- stress, frequent experiences that lead to increased secretion of gastric juice.
The mechanism of occurrence of gastroduodenitis involves the development of an inflammatory reaction in the pyloric region, which prevents the natural physiological regeneration of the mucosa. In most cases, this disease occurs due to the combined influence of factors, which include nutritional errors, helicobacter pylori damage, and psychogenic disorders. In combination, their action leads to a weakening of secretory and motor functions, therefore, with gastroduodenitis, a decrease in the tone and motility of all parts of the gastrointestinal tract is noted.
Symptoms of gastroduodenitis in adults
Treatment of the chronic form involves the neutralization of the symptoms of the disease that interfere with normal well-being and performance. Discomfort manifestations of gastroduodenitis are extremely diverse, and their severity directly depends on the nuances of the pathology. Among the main clinical signs of this disease, it is worth noting:
- pain in the epigastric region (aching or cramping pain);
- nausea;
- loss of appetite;
- heartburn;
- burp;
- bad taste in mouth;
- feeling of constant stomach fullness;
- constipation or diarrhea.
To the symptoms of superficial gastroduodenitis in adults,the treatment of which seems to many to be optional, over time, manifestations of a general nature may also join. The most common are increased fatigue, pallor of the skin, irritability, dizziness, weight loss, insomnia. The signs of the disease become more pronounced after its transition to erosive gastroduodenitis. The treatment and symptoms of this form of the disease differ from the manifestations and therapy of catarrhal inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Pain in the erosive type of gastroduodenitis is more intense, often accompanied by severe heartburn, vomiting, it is difficult to stop even with the help of drugs.
Unlike the acute stage, the chronic one is less pronounced. With a protracted course of the disease, the patient experiences mild but constant pain, which intensifies during the period of relapse. For the chronic form of gastroduodenitis is characteristic:
- stomach discomfort after eating;
- nausea;
- yellow coating on the tongue, slight swelling;
- pain in the peritoneum on palpation;
- stool disorder;
- irritability;
- weight loss;
- quick fatigue.
What is the danger of gastroduodenitis
At first glance? it may seem that this disease does not pose a particular threat to he alth, and therefore its treatment can be postponed until later. In fact, the consequences of gastroduodenitis can significantly complicate life.
A patient diagnosed with catarrhal gastroduodenitis should be wary of the transformation of superficial inflammation of the mucosa intoulceration. The erosive chronic form has specific clinical manifestations, including intense and prolonged pain, dyspeptic syndrome, heartburn, and intestinal disorders. As the disease progresses, the wounds begin to bleed. Ignoring the need for dietary nutrition and treatment, the symptoms of gastroduodenitis in adults are supplemented by internal bleeding. At an advanced stage, the disease can degenerate into an ulcer, hitting the walls of the organs. Peptic ulcer is a favorable condition for the formation of a cancerous tumor.
In chronic gastroduodenitis with low acidity, iron deficiency anemia often occurs, immunity weakens, pathologies such as:
- enterocolitis;
- dysbacteriosis;
- diarrhea;
- pancreatitis.
In addition, inflammation of the gastric mucosa and duodenum often leads to deterioration of the teeth, hair, nails, skin.
How to recognize pathology
Merely describing the symptoms for the treatment of chronic gastroduodenitis in adults is not enough. The doctor must necessarily examine the patient, listen to his complaints, draw up a detailed history and, based on the picture of the disease obtained, prescribe additional instrumental and laboratory diagnostics. Complex of research procedures:
- Fibrogastroduodenoscopy - examination of the stomach and duodenum with an endoscope, thanks to which you can objectively assess the condition of the mucous membrane and the walls of organs.
- Radioscopy. This method of research is not carried out in every case. It is resorted to, if necessary, to differentiate gastroduodenitis from other pathologies with an identical clinical picture. X-rays with a contrast agent also make it possible to verify the evacuation properties of the stomach.
- Clinical blood test. The results of this study may indirectly confirm the symptoms of exacerbation of gastroduodenitis. They talk about the treatment of pathology if the patient has elevated leukocyte and ESR.
In addition to the above procedures, to confirm the diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe antroduodenal manometry - a study conducted to study the motor function of the organs of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Treatment
Symptoms of gastroduodenitis in children and adults may have varying degrees of severity, due to the etiology and form of the course of the disease in each case. If the disease proceeds without complications, its therapy can be carried out at home. For erosive gastroduodenitis and severe symptoms of superficial gastroduodenitis, treatment is carried out in the department of gastroenterology.
To stop the exacerbation, one course of medication and a strict diet are enough. In the case of repeated episodes of the disease, one cannot do without a second consultation with a doctor, drawing up a plan for a full-fledged treatment and nutrition. Symptoms of gastroduodenitis can be managed with a therapeutic program based on:
- bed rest for two weeks;
- strictest diet (table 1);
- medication regimen, in particular antibiotics against Helicobacter pylori and drugs that regulate the secretory function and motility of the gastrointestinal tract.
Medicines for gastroduodenitis
The choice of medicines depends on the concentration of the acidic environment, intestinal and stomach motility disorders, the degree of damage to the mucous membrane. You can not engage in self-medication - this can only aggravate the course of the disease. The use of any of the drugs indicated in the article is possible only after the recommendation of a doctor. The specialist will not only select the right medicine, but will also correctly determine the individual dosage and duration of the course.
With severe and uncomfortable symptoms, the treatment of gastroduodenitis with drugs gives good results after the first applications. For this disease of the stomach, apply:
- Antimicrobial agents and antibiotics ("Flemoxin Solutab", "Klacid", "Rulid", "Furazolidone", "Azithromycin", "Metronidazole"). Their purpose is a direct effect on the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Together with an effective effect on pathogenic microorganisms, antibiotics partially destroy the beneficial microflora, provoking intestinal dysbiosis.
- Antacids. Preparations of this pharmacological group reduce acidity and envelop the mucous membrane with a protective film, protecting it from damaging factors. In addition, antacids are prescribed forsevere heartburn. The most effective and popular remedies are Almagel, Gastal, Maalox, Phosphalugel, Vikalin, Vikair, Omez, Nolpaza.
- Anspasmodics and painkillers. The action of these drugs is to eliminate spasms and pain in the digestive tract - "No-shpa", "Drotaverin", "Duspatalin".
- Enzyme preparations ("Mezim", "Panzinorm", "Abomin", "Penzital", "Creon"). They are prescribed if gastroduodenitis occurs against the background of a pancreatic lesion.
- Vitamin complexes and restorative preparations.
Eating Rules
If therapy is started in time, there are no exacerbations and all medical prescriptions are met, the prognosis will be favorable. However, in addition to taking medications, it is equally important to follow a diet and a correct diet. Otherwise, after some time, all the symptoms of gastroduodenitis in adults will return, and drug treatment will be useless.
In the majority of cases, patients are advised to adhere to table number 1. If this diet and treatment of gastroduodenitis are observed, the symptoms will gradually subside, but in order to prevent their return, the patient will have to adhere to dietary restrictions for a long time. In addition, the diet is designed to normalize the functioning of the liver and bile secretion.
The essence of the diet for gastroduodenitis is the minimum consumption of refractory fats, but sufficient intake of proteins and carbohydrates. Allproducts must undergo heat treatment, whether it be meat, fish, fruits or vegetables. Fresh products cannot be consumed. Stringy meat and vegetable fiber must be crushed to a puree state. It is important to remember that:
- Meals consumed should be at normal temperature, not too hot or cold.
- Food must be chewed thoroughly.
- You need to eat fractionally: in small portions at short intervals (no more than 2 hours).
The gastroenterologist makes up a diet for each patient individually, taking into account the characteristics of his digestive system, general condition and other factors. So, for example, with erosive gastroduodenitis, it is allowed to eat cottage cheese, non-acidic and low-fat kefir, and cream is allowed. As the main dishes, patients are recommended mucous porridges, soups, egg omelettes. From meat products, preference should be given to boiled or steamed river fish, chicken, rabbit meat. Fruits and vegetables (pumpkin, beets, carrots, cauliflower, apple) should only be eaten baked or stewed.
If the patient suffers from gastroduodenitis with high acidity, it is necessary to give up bread, vegetables (especially tomatoes), coffee, black tea. With low acidity, the basis of the diet should be hard cheeses, dry biscuits, soups on low-fat broth, but the vegetables in them should be crushed as much as possible. It is also recommended to use greens, berries and fruits, drink fermented baked milk andkefir.
With the catarrhal form of gastroduodenitis, the basis of the daily menu should be boiled or baked vegetables, low-fat sour-milk products, jelly, compote, mineral water without gas.
Traditional medicine
Hoping for the effectiveness of alternative methods alone is not worth it, however, as an auxiliary method that will help fight the symptoms of gastroduodenitis, treatment with folk remedies is ideal. Be sure to check with your doctor before using any of the recipes below:
- Decoction of fresh mint. You can also use dry vegetable raw materials. To prepare one glass of medicinal drink, you need 1 tsp. mint. You need to drink the decoction on an empty stomach, while it is important that it is not hot.
- Infusion of flaxseeds. The remedy is prepared in the following ratio: for 3 tbsp. l. seeds 1 liter of boiling water. Literally after 15-20 minutes, the mixture will swell and acquire a jelly-like consistency. The substances contained in the flax seed have an enveloping property, so you need to drink the infusion every day for half a glass on an empty stomach.
- Oatmeal broth. This folk remedy for the treatment of gastroduodenitis has a healing effect. To prepare it, you need unpeeled oats. Grains (1 tablespoon) are poured with cold water and put on fire. The broth must be boiled for 15 minutes, then removed from the stove. Before drinking, the drink must be infused. Take 100 ml before meals.
- Infusion of calendula. The healing properties of this herb have been known for a long time. One tablespoon of vegetable raw materials will be enough to prepare 500 ml of infusion. Take three times a day, 100 ml.
A few words about the prevention of gastroduodenitis
In order not to get sick with this disease, it is important to follow a few simple rules:
- Eat regularly and avoid long intervals between meals.
- Night-time snacking should be avoided once and for all.
- Daily consume fermented milk drinks, cottage cheese.
- Minimize intake of fast carbohydrates.
- Exclude the use of alcoholic beverages, sweet soda, fast food.
