Inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the duodenum and stomach is a superficial gastroduodenitis. With timely therapy, the symptoms quickly stop, and the prognosis becomes favorable. Against the background of inflammation, the work of the glands does not change, the increased or normal acidity of the digestive juice remains. With the exception of the mucous membrane, all parts of the stomach and upper intestines are functional. This ailment provokes other, more severe forms of the disease.
Classification
According to the development of pathology, the following forms of superficial gastroduodenitis are distinguished:
- Focal. In this case, separate sections of the intestinal mucosa are affected. This form of the disease is a provocateur of peptic ulcer. Left untreated, the inflammatory process spreads to new tissues and organs, eventually leading to cholecystitis and pancreatitis.
- Diffuse. With this form of development, the stomach, the tail of the duodenum and the upper epithelial layers of the intestine are affected. Symptoms are relieved after a course of drug treatment in conjunction with dietary nutrition.
By the nature of the flow:
- Erythematous. It is characterized as the initial form of the disease, in which the symptoms are manifested by slight discomfort after eating and a decrease in appetite.
- Spicy. A more vivid manifestation of all signs of the disease: heartburn, cramping pains in the stomach, white plaque on the tongue, headache.
- Chronic. It develops in the absence or improper treatment of the previous form of the disease. Symptoms are less pronounced. Periods of exacerbations are replaced by remissions. In case of transition to this stage, there is a high risk of developing serious complications.
Diffuse superficial gastroduodenitis: what is it?
In this case, the inflammation process is most pronounced and affects a large area. It is characterized by edema, which can be of varying degrees, and hyperemia of the surface of the entire mucous membrane of the duodenum and stomach, which is clearly visible during endoscopic examination. The clinical picture is intense. In adult patients, the disease is most difficult to tolerate. This form of manifestation of gastroduodenitis is quite common among all failures in the gastrointestinal system of an individual. The lack of complex therapy or non-compliance with the doctor's recommendations provokes the development of complications.
Superficial gastroduodenitis: what is it and how to treat it?
This is one of the polyetiological diseases that often occurs in gastroenterological practice, but at the same time it is the most common form of gastroduodenitis. Name of the pathologyreflects the degree of damage to the intestinal mucosa and stomach, i.e., with this disease, its violations are shallow (superficial) and, with timely and high-quality therapy, are reversible. Treatment is carried out at home. One of the most important conditions for complete recovery is dietary nutrition and medication prescribed by the doctor. The average duration of therapy is ten days.
Reasons
There are several known factors that provoke the disease, but the main reason is considered to be a violation of the rules of he althy eating.
Also, it can be caused by:
- Helicobacter pylori bacterium;
- long-term use of antibacterial agents;
- bad habits;
- starvation diets;
- poisoning with toxic or poisonous substances;
- prone to allergic reactions;
- drinking a lot of alcoholic beverages;
- a history of bowel disease;
- constant stress, overexertion;
- heredity;
- chronic diseases of the kidneys, liver and urinary tract.
Clinical picture
The insidiousness of the disease lies in the fact that in the initial phase of development, the clinic is almost not expressed and, as a result, late diagnosis. Discomfort occurs only during an exacerbation. The main sign by which this pathology can be suspected is the so-called hungry pains, they appear with an empty stomach in the morning. After eating, they pass.
However, they may return again in the evening two or three hours after dinner. The pain is usually concentrated in the left hypochondrium. In addition, the symptoms of superficial gastroduodenitis are:
- chronic fatigue;
- nauseous;
- weakness;
- vomit;
- headache;
- bitter or sour taste in the mouth;
- burping with an unpleasant odor;
- heartburn;
- white coating on the tongue;
- high gas production;
- bloating;
- a feeling of fullness and heaviness in the stomach with any even the smallest meal;
- diarrhea or constipation;
- lack or loss of appetite;
- weight loss.
Inflammation leads to impaired vitamin metabolism. Some time after the development of the disease, signs of a lack of vitamins of groups B, A, C appear. The clinic of the disease differs in different courses, forms, in children and adults.
Symptoms of disease in children
The course of pathology can be both acute and chronic. Superficial gastroduodenitis in children is manifested by the following symptoms:
- stomach growling;
- bad taste in mouth;
- short-term pain that occurs periodically in the stomach or duodenum;
- stomach full feeling;
- nausea;
- frequent diarrhea or constipation;
- unexplained weight loss;
- lack of appetite.
If a child has the above symptoms, it is necessary to visit a doctor for examination and timely diagnosis. Self-medication can result in the transition of the disease into a chronic form or lead to serious consequences. Therapy includes bed rest, strict diet, medication.
Signs of illness in adults
Symptoms of superficial gastroduodenitis in adults appear as:
- expanding pain of a aching nature, which is localized in the epigastrium;
- lack of appetite;
- nausea, vomiting;
- diarrhea or constipation;
- general weakness, headache;
- increased salivation;
- white thick coating on the tongue.
The above symptoms are unstable and therefore often the individual does not pay attention to them, and this is fraught with the transition of superficial gastroduodenitis to the chronic stage and the formation of complications.
Diet food
As mentioned earlier, special nutrition plays an important role in the recovery process. A nutritionist or gastroenterologist develops a diet depending on the acidity of the digestive juice of the individual.
With its elevated level, it is recommended to exclude spicy dishes, all kinds of spices, as well as fresh bakery products and pastries. During the treatment period, you should eat at least five times a day and try to eat at the same time. Adhere to the diet should be three months. General advice thatit is advisable to stick to:
- Use more liquid in the form of compote, jelly, milk, mineral water with alkali content.
- Give up fried vegetables, and introduce boiled vegetables into the diet, preferring beets, carrots and potatoes.
- From meat products, boiled chicken or rabbit meat is preferable.
- Low-fat varieties of fish are allowed: hake, pink salmon, cod.
- Refuse foods that contribute to increased production of digestive juice: sausages, smoked meats, carbonated drinks, rye bread, coffee, grape juice.
Drug Therapy
Drugs that are indicated in the diagnosis of superficial gastroduodenitis:
- Antibacterial drugs: Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, and Metronidazal, which also has an antiprotozoal effect.
- Intestinal antiseptics: De-Nol.
- Proton pump inhibitors: Omeprazole, Dexrabeprazole, Rabeprazole, Esomeprazole.
- Antisecretory drugs: Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine.
- Antacids: Maalox, Gastal, Almagel.
- Sedatives are recommended in the clinic for the nervous system.
The course, treatment regimen and dosage are selected by the doctor individually for each patient, depending on his condition and examination results.
Complications and prevention in children and adults
Prognosis for children is favorable if treatment is started on time. Otherwise, perhapsdevelopment of the following pathologies:
- pancreatitis;
- peptic ulcer;
- dysbacteriosis;
- erosion of mucous membranes;
- iron deficiency anemia;
- oncology.
Preventive measures are as follows:
- timely treatment of digestive tract disorders;
- avoid or minimize stressful situations;
- observe daily routine and nutrition;
- watch your diet;
- treat allergic manifestations, prevent their transition to the chronic phase;
- strengthen the immune system;
- exercise;
- don't starve.
Using traditional medicine
For the treatment of superficial gastroduodenitis in the early stages, folk recipes that have been proven for decades have proven themselves:
- Daily intake of potato juice until signs of disease disappear.
- Take a warm infusion of St. John's wort in the morning, and then go to bed and put a heating pad on your stomach.
- Taking a decoction of chamomile flowers in the amount of 200 ml before bedtime. The course of treatment until the symptoms disappear is approximately five months.
- Eat fresh aloe leaves with breakfast. This plant helps to normalize the acid-base balance.
- With increased acidity, it is recommended to consume apple puree at least twice a day. Thanks to the beneficial properties of this fruit, the burning sensation and discomfort in the stomach area disappears.
- A decoction of parsley and dill has a good effect. Besides,they can be added to any ready meals.
However, before using these prescriptions, you should consult your doctor.
All exacerbations of superficial gastroduodenitis are due to a violation of the doctor's recommendations for proper nutrition and poor-quality treatment. Therefore, they should not be neglected.
