Hemorrhages are hemorrhages of varying severity in different parts of the body. The cause of this disease can be both external and internal pathologies. Very often, hemorrhages are expressed in the accumulation of blood inside the tissue, but there are cases of blood escaping into the external environment.
Why do hemorrhages occur?
The cause of bleeding is often the high permeability of the vessel wall or its violation. Violation of the integrity of the vessel occurs due to mechanical injuries. The reasons why blood seeps through the walls of blood vessels are:
-congenital genetic pathologies (hemophilia);
-acquired pathology of the circulatory system (thrombocytopathy, clotting disorder, DIC and hemorrhagic vasculitis);
-diseases of a dermatological nature, such as psoriasis and chronic dermatoses.
Almost all types of hemorrhages are closely related to psychological tension, depression and hormonal medications.
Types of hemorrhage by causes
Depending on the causes of hemorrhage, they are divided into three types:
- bleeding due to mechanicalvessel damage;
- bleeding that occurred as a result of a decrease in the thickness of the walls of the vessel;
Bleeding caused by damage to the walls of blood vessels due to exposure to certain chemicals or infections.
Types of hemorrhage by location
Hemorrhages can be conditionally divided into:
internal (hemorrhage into organs and tissues);
external;
parenchymal (bleeding from tissues that form organs);
Arterial (intensive flow of blood from damaged arteries);
venous (more relaxed bleeding from damaged veins);
capillary (bleeding from small vessels).
Main symptoms of internal bleeding
Manifestations of hemorrhage depend on the type of bleeding and its location. While external bleeding is fairly easy to detect, internal bleeding is often undetectable. It can be identified by a number of specific symptoms, such as:
- general malaise;
- dizziness and fainting;
- unnatural pale skin;
- apathy, drowsiness;
- tachycardia;
- reducing blood pressure.
These are common symptoms of internal bleeding. There are a number of specific signs that are characteristic of certain types of hemorrhages.
Hemorrhages at the injection site. What is this?
Very often after an injection in the course of treatment, there arecomplications. Hemorrhages resulting from intramuscular injections are local bleeding that occurs due to tissue damage. As a rule, over time, the resulting blood spot disappears on its own, but in some cases, the doctor prescribes water-soluble drugs. Bleeding due to intravenous injections occurs due to the through piercing of the vessel and is not as pronounced as with injections into the muscle.
Why do skin hemorrhages occur?
In most cases, hemorrhages on the skin occur due to hemorrhage or leakage of blood through the wall of the vessel into the skin tissue. They look like blood stains on the skin. During the entire time of the disease, hemorrhages on the surface of the skin tend to change their color from bright red to greenish yellow. Special treatment in this case is not provided. Over time, these spots will dissolve on their own. Hematomas can be attributed to the number of skin hemorrhages.
Hemorrhages of the gastrointestinal tract
In case of damage to the organs of the gastrointestinal system, bleeding often occurs, the so-called submucosal hemorrhages. This type of hemorrhage is a particular danger, as it tends to proceed for some time without visible symptoms. In a person who is faced with this type of bleeding, first of all, general malaise, unreasonable nausea, and dizziness appear. In this case, the patient must be under the supervision of a doctor and undergo a specially prescribed course of drug treatment.
Why hemorrhagesdangerous?
Hemorrhages are a rather insidious phenomenon. Its severity directly depends on the area of the damaged area and the intensity of bleeding. And although such minor injuries, as a rule, resolve themselves, there are cases when the hemorrhage site suppurates, which requires surgical intervention. Sometimes hemorrhages can destroy tissues, which can also lead to serious consequences. In this case, hemorrhages in the brain, lungs and heart are very dangerous.
Which doctor should I go to?
Whatever the nature of hemorrhages, the causes of their occurrence should be identified as soon as possible. Your GP will help you deal with this problem, as well as doctors of a narrower profile, such as a hematologist, endocrinologist, dermatologist or infectious disease specialist.
How is the diagnosis? Correct diagnosis
A doctor can diagnose you even after an examination. But for a more accurate diagnosis, you will need to take a general blood test and examine it for clotting (coagulogram). In some cases, the doctor may prescribe a bacteriological blood test, and on the basis of these studies, decide on the issue of treatment.
First aid for bleeding
As we have already found out, hemorrhages are the leakage of blood from blood vessels due to damage to them. Therefore, the first thing that can be done with a minor hemorrhage is to apply something cold to the injured area, which will help reduce the intensity of bleeding. Further help shouldcarried out depending on the type of bleeding.
Venous bleeding is easy to identify by the color of the flowing blood - it will be dark red burgundy. Such blood will flow slowly, but continuously. First aid for trauma - applying a tourniquet below 10-15 cm from the wound and a tight bandage. It is imperative to mark the time of applying the tourniquet by inserting a piece of paper with the marked application time. If the wound is small, then instead of a tourniquet, you can wrap the wound with a bandage, since the venous vessels have the ability to subside and self-tighten.
Arterial bleeding
It is different from venous. The blood from such a wound is bright red and will spurt out. It is necessary to immediately apply a tourniquet, since without stopping the bleeding a person can die in just a minute. A tourniquet is applied 10-15 cm above the wound, and a bandage must be placed on the wound. The tourniquet is applied for 1-2 hours. After this time, it must be lowered for 3-5 minutes so that the blood circulates through the limb, otherwise the stagnant blood will accumulate toxins and when the tourniquet is removed, the person risks getting shock and dying.
As for capillary bleeding, they do not pose a serious danger (except for injuries in people suffering from poor blood clotting). In this case, the wound must be treated and bandaged.
Also, to stop such bleeding, you can use modern hemostatic agents like Celox and Hemostop. The granules of the powder help to clot the blood, making it look like a jelly. But to treat suchthe wound will be harder.
Internal bleeding is one of the most severe: here you must definitely go to the hospital. On the spot, you can only apply cold to the sore spot and immediately send the victim to the hospital or call an ambulance. Before the arrival of doctors, the patient should be in a calm position and move as little as possible.
How to get rid of hemorrhages
Hemorrhage treatment is carried out after a detailed medical examination. When establishing a diagnosis and prescribing treatment, the doctor must take into account the fact that some forms of the disease are prone to the development of unpleasant complications. That is why each stage of treatment should take place under the supervision of a doctor. In case of complications, inflammatory processes can occur, which in some cases can even lead to death.
In order not to aggravate the problem, you need to immediately seek medical help. And only after the final conclusion of the doctor, treatment is prescribed.
Depending on the condition of the patient, the clinical form of hemorrhage and the tendency to complications, the expediency of drug treatment of the problem is established. For example, with minor subcutaneous hemorrhages, medication is often not used. But for large skin hemorrhages, local treatment is used in the form of applying heparin or troxevasin ointment to the affected areas twice a day.
